Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a group of pluripotential non-hematopoietic somatic stem cells niched in bone marrow.With the characteristics of stable genetic traits,pluripotential in differentiation,easy to isolate from source tissue,and fast to proliferate when cultured in vitro,BMSCs are currently attracting extensive research interests,and considered to be one of the most promising candidates in corneal tissue engineering.At present,many research groups,domestic and abroad,have reported that BMSCs can not only differentiate into corneal limbal stem cells,corneal epithelial cells,and corneal endothelial cells,but also play an important role in ocular surface repair.However,the successful application of BMSCs in cornea usually depends on the correct selection of supporting materials or scaffold,such as xenogeneic corneal stroma and amniotic membrane.Other unsolved problems in BMSCs-related corneal tissue engineering include the molecular biologic mechanism underlying the directional differentiation from BMSCs to corneal cells,the standards to identify BMSCs from differentiated corneal cells,the optimal scaffold materials and the potential tumorigenicity with grafting of transformed or undifferentiated BMSCs.This paper reviewed the progresses and issues of corneal tissue engineering with BMSCs.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; drug therapy ; Oxides ; therapeutic use

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Follistatin-Related Proteins ; physiology ; Humans

Background Inflammation and adipogenesis are two parallel processes with increasing activity in severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO),and mevastatin was proved to have the inhibiting effect on the differentiation of adipose.Objective The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of mevastatin on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ)and differentiation of TAO-derived orbital preadipocytes,and explore its modulation effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced inflammation and the differentiation of TAO-derived orbital preadipocytes in vitro.Methods The retroorbital adipose tissue was obtained from 4 TAO patients during the surgery.The orbital fibroblasts were cultured from orbital adipose tissues using explant culture method.To study the suppressing effect of mevastatin on inflammatory response,cultured cells were divided into 5 groups.The 1000 μg/L LPS orbital fibroblasts were stimulated for 8 hours in group A,and 1000 μg/L LPS combined with 5 μmol/L,10 μmoL/L or 20 μmoL/L mevastatin were used respectively for the substitute in the group B,group C and group D.The orbital fibroblasts in group E were cultured routinely without any intervention as control.To observe the inhibiting effect of mevastatin on the differentiation of adipose,the group A were then subdivided into group A1-A6.After 1000 μg/L LPS was used to treat the cells for 8 hours,the ceils were induced to differentiate into adipocytes.All orbital preadipocytes from A1 to A6 were stimulated to differentiate into mature adipocytes with cocktail differentiation medium for a 10-day duration.During the procedure,group A2,A3 and A4 were interfered with 5,10 or 20 μmol/L mevastatin,and in the group A5 and A6,10 μmol/L mevastatin were added at the fourth day or eighth day.Intracellular fat accumulation in differentiated adipocytes was determined by oil red O staining.The absorption(A492 nm)was measured in the ceils by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Expression of COX-2 and PPAR-γ mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the expression of COX-2 and PPAR-γ protein was detected by Westernblot.The level of PGE2 in the supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results The expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA as well as the PGE2 levels in B,C,D group decreased markedly in comparison with those in A group(P＜0.05).With the increase of mevastatin concentration,the expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA as well as the PGE2 levels in B,C,D groups decreased successively(F =228.380,101.745,1586.881,P＜0.05).The expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA and PGE2 levels in E group were lower significantly than those in A,B and C groups(P＜0.05),but no significant differences were found between E group and D group(P＞0.05).The A492 value and the expressions of PPAR-γ protein and mRNA in differentiated cells showed the successively decrease in A1-A4 group with the elevation of mevastatin concentration(P＜0.05),and the evidently decreased A492 value and the expressions of PPAR-γ protein and mRNA also were seen in A1 and A5 groups compared with A3 group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Mevastatin inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 expression,PPAR-γ expression,PGE2 secretion and differentiation of TAO-derived orbital fibroblasts in vitro in dose-dependent manner.Mevastatin plays these effect more prominently in early stage of adipocytes differentiation.

Objective To investigate the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mucin MUC5AC in nasal mucosa before and after chronic rhinitis - sinusitis and nasal polyps - endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods 75 cases chronic rhinitis - sinusitis and nasal polyps - endoscopic sinus surgery patients were selected as nasal polyps group and 75 cases of nasal bone fracture or epistaxis patients as the control group from January 2012 to January 2015. Took the samples of nasal polyps before surgery and the maxillary sinus mucosa specimens after surgery six weeks of nasal polyps’ patients and on the edge of the inferior turbinate mucosa specimens of the control group to detect eosinophil count by HE staining, and detect the expression of VEGF and mucin MUC5AC by immunohistochemical staining.Results The specimens eosinophils of preoperative nasal polyp group and postoperative nasal polyp group were higher than that of control group (P < 0.05), the nasal eosinophils of postoperative nasal polyp group was lower than that of preoperative nasal polyp group (P < 0.05). The expression of specimens VEGF and mucin MUC5AC area percentages in preoperative nasal polyp group and postoperative nasal polyp group were higher than that in control group (P < 0.05), the expression of nasal VEGF and mucin MUC5AC area percentages in the postoperative nasal polyp group was lower than that of preoperative nasal polyp group (P< 0.05).Conclusion Eosinophil count and the expression levels of VEGF and mucin MUC5AC of nasal mucosa in chronic rhinitis - sinusitis and nasal polyps - endoscopic sinus surgery preoperative are higher, and reduce at postoperative six weeks, VEGF and mucin MUC5AC may be involved nasal repair.

Objective To observe the change of umbilical artery S/D value in the third trimester pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism(OH) or subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH).Methods We collect the data of 37-42 weeks pregnancy from January 2014 to December 2015.We devided them into OH group,SCH group and contral group.We compared the umbilical artery S/D value in these three groups and analyzed the relativity between S/D value and thyroid hormone.Results The S/D value was 2.46 ± 0.31 in OH group,2.48 ± 0.27 in SCH group and 2.32 ± 0.17 in control group.The differences were statistically significant between OH group and contral group (P =0.000),SCH group and contral group (P =0.000).There was no statistically significant between OH group and SCH group (P =0.907).The proportion of cases number during different S/D value range in these three groups had difference (P =0.000).The S/D value was positively correlated to TSH in OH group (r =0.186,P =0.037) and SCH group (r =0.146,P =0.015).There was no correlation between FT3 and S/D value(P ＞ 0.05) or FT4 and S/D value(P ＞ 0.05) in both OH and SCH group.There was no correlation between thyroid hormone and S/D value in the contral group either.Conclusion Both OH and SCH can effect umbilical artery S/D value in the third trimester pregnancy.

Aged ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; Larynx ; pathology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Objective To investigate the effect of reinforcing spleen and kidney method on adriamycin-induced CKD in rats and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Totally 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a Adriamycin-induced model group and a control group.The model group was further divided into five groups:the Adriamycin-induced model control group,bennazepril-treated group,and TCM treated low,moderate,and high dose groups.The level of serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,24hours urine protein and urine creatinine were measured at 14,28,42 days after establishing the model rats.And the protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21cip1 (p21)were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The proteinuria was observed on the seventh day after injection of adriamycin in adriamycin nephropathy model group,and reached summit on the fourteenth day.Both TCM treated groups and benazepril group reduced the level of urine protein within 24 hours (P＜0.05),the reduction was most remarkable in the TCM high dose group.The expression of p21 and TGF-β1 (p21 288627.66±97021.65,TGF-β1 98405.14± 19216.89) in kidney increased in the model groups,while the TCM treated high dose group (p21 518886.35±6810.89,TGF-β1 222012.95± 50484.73) was significantly lower than the model control group (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Reinforcing spleen and kidney method could decrease the level of urine protein within 24 hours by regulating the expression of p21 and TGF-β1,so thus to protect renal function and delay progress of kidney disease.

BACKGROUND:The artificial heart valve used in clinical application can be divided into stented and stentless. Stented valve is convenient for operations, with a low possibility of incompetency after transplantation. However stented valve cannot stimulate natural valve. OBJECTIVE:To reduce valve implantation time and improve valve properties, this study was designed to develop a new stentless porcine aortic valve for single-layer suture and implantation based on the design of valve in pig aortic root geometry optimization, and to further evaluate its performance by in vitro test. METHODS:(1) Stentless porcine aortic valve for single-layer suture was prepared. (2) The in vitro valve implantation experiment was performed with monolayer suture method. (3) The valve was detected by in vitro fluid mechanics test and fatigue test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Stentless valve for single-layer suture has removed the valve hard, which contributes to reduce the damaged caused by blood flow on the valve leaflet, at the same time removal of the hard valve ring can widen the diameter of implanted valve and improve hemodynamics, even the implantation time of valve is shorter than traditional double-layer suture. The in vitro fluid mechanics test and fatigue test results are satisfactory. The future research lies in a complete elucidation of long operation time, postoperative long-term clinical efficacy and durability of stentless valve implantation.

Objective To observe the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens cultured from the sputum of hospitalized patients with lower respiratory infection in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) .Methods To i‐dentify the germiculture and test the drug susceptibility of the sputum or respiratory secretion isolated from the bronchial brush of 262 hospitalized AECOPD patients in People′s Hospital of Jiangxi Province from Janurary 2013 to December 2014 and analyze the results .Results Among all the AECOPD patients ,215 cases with positive sputum culture ,281 sputum pathogens were isolated . Gram‐negative bacilli were found in 190(67 .6% ) .Gram‐positive aureus were detected in 76(27 .1% ) .Fungus pathogens occurred in 15(5 .3% ) .The top six pathogenic bacteria were acinetobacter baumannii ,escherichia coli ,klebsiella pneumonia ,pseudomonas aeruginosa ,staphylococcus aureus ,streptococcus pneumonia .Drug susceptibility results showed that the drug resistance of acineto‐bacter baumannii was the strongest .Except that the drug resistance rate of cefoperazone/sulbactam and levofloxacin were less than 50 .0% ,the others were no less than 75 .0% .The drug resistance rate of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin , ampicillin sulbactam ,cefazolin ,ceftriaxone ,cefotetan ,gentamycin ,ofloxacin ,ciprofloxacin ,and compound sulfamethoxazole trime‐thoprim were no less than 70 .0% .The drug resistance rate of staphylococcus aureus to penicillin G ,oxacillin ,erythromycin ,clinda‐mycin were 100% .The drug resistance rate of streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin ,clindamycin ,tetracycline ,sulfamethox‐azole trimethoprim were greater than 75 .0% .Conclusion Gram‐negative bacilli are the main pathogenic bacterium in the AECOPD patients with lower respiratory infection .The key of treatment is to pay more attention to the bacterial culture and drug sensitive test ,use antibiotics reasonably according to the results of drug sensitive experiment .