Objective To explore the influences of parent-child attachment security memory activation on college students'general attachment working model. Methods 152 college students were randomly distributed to three groups, among which there were two experimental groups accepting father-child or mother-child memory activation,and one control group accepting non-interpersonal memory activation. Results Mather-child security memory activation significantly increased subjects' scores on others-model of general attachment to females (F= 3.83;P ＜0.05), scores of mather-child security memory activation group were significantly higher than those of fatherchild group ( 7.88 ± 7.24,4.49 ± 7.53; P ＜ 0.05 ) and control group ( 7.88 ± 7.24,4.71 ± 6.83; P ＜ 0.05 ).Father-child security memory activation significantly increased subjects' scores on self-model of general attachment to males (F= 6.35; P ＜ 0.01 ), scores of father-child security memory activation group were significantly higher than that of mather-child group (6.33 ±5.39,2.44 ±6.14; P＜0.01 ) and control group (6.33 ± 5.39,2.59 ±6.10; P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Parent-child attachment security memory activation have major influences on college students' general attachment working model, in which the effect of gender differences provides some inspiration for clinical interferences.

Objective To observe the influence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on the expression of phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (pSTAT 3) in rat retinal MOiler cells. Methods For in vitro study cultured Mailer cells were treated with IL-1β of different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 ng/ml) for 24 hours. For in vivo study, 32 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into 4 groups randomly (control group, 100,500 and 1000 ng/ml group) with 8 rats in each group. After 24 hours of injection with phosphate buffered solution (PBS), or 100, 500, 1000 ng/ml IL-1β into the vitreous treated retinas were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting. Results After 24 hours of incubation without IL-1β, pSTAT3 has little expression in cultured Muller cells, but was up-regulated by 1 ng/ml or higher IL-1β in a dosage-dependent manner (F=46.64, 43.78; P<0.01). pSTAT3 was not expressed in adult rat retina, but was up-regulated by vitreous injection of 100 ng/ml or higher IL-1β in a dosage-dependent manner (F=73.53, 43.70; P<0.01). pSTAT3 expressed mainly in inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. Double-labeling showed that there was no co-staining of pSTAT3 and glial fibrillary treated with IL-1β. Conclusions Expression of pSTAT3 in MUller cells could be activated by IL-1β which may represent one pathway link to reactive gliosis.

To investigate the preventive and treated effects of protein A immunoadsorption on hyperacute rejection of highly sensitized renal transplant recipient. A total of 12 highly sensitized renal transplant recipients were selected from Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou People's Hospital between January 2006 and January 2008. Immunoadsorption treatment was performed on 12 renal transplant recipients whose panel reactive antigen was more than 50% once a week for 4-6 weeks before operation. At one day before operation, the treatment was performed once. The treatment was performed at once if the acute rejection occurred after operation. The acute rejection and adverse effect were observed. Hyperacute rejection was not occurred in any recipient. Sudden oliguria and increase of serum creatinine were occurred in two cases at several days after operation. The pathological examination showed there were inflammatory cells infiltration and edema in renal interstitial, lymphocyte aggregation around renal tubular, monocytes infiltration in capillary, endarteritis, and necrosis of small vessels in the two cases. They were diagnosed as acute rejection. Their panel reactive antibody level increased again. Average level of Class Ⅰ was 3.8% and class Ⅱ was 19.2%. Acute rejection were reversed and renal function recovered to normal by the therapy of protein A immunoadsorption and pulse therapy of high dose methylprednisolone. Average level of Class Ⅰ was 8.3% and class Ⅱ was 5.2%. One year follow-up were obtained from all recipients. Their transplanted renal function were good, which suggested protein A immunoadsorptin could eliminate antibody in recipients quickly, decrease panel reactive antibody level, and prevent acute rejection.

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with early mortality of the rapid two-stage arerial switch operation, which has a significantly higher overall mortality than that of ASO procedure for D-TGA with a intact ventricular septun. Methods The data we reviewed involving patients who underwent rapid two-stage switch operations from September,2002 to September, 2007 in our center, 13 patients were male and 8 were female, their age at operation ranged from 29 to 250 days afer birth, and the body weight was 3.5 to 7 kg. Chi-squared test and multivariant logistic regression methods were used for the analysis of demographic data, pre-diagnosis information, operation data, interval data combined with the operation time,left ventricle training condition, and the early post-operative outcomes. Results The operative mortality was high at initial stage, and then decreased gradually. The logistic multivariant regression analysis indicated that the mortality of left ventricular training operation was associated with the diameters of BT shunt ( P =0.003 ); the mortality of two-stage switch was associated with feminie ( P = 0.006 ) and pre-operative p. LV/RV ( P ＜ 0.001 ). Conclusion Patients with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum who missed the optimal time for switch operation should receive rapid two-stage switch operations, which provide an opportunity for the correction of the deformity. The key factor associated with the success for operation was good in heart function after left ventricular training.

BACKGROUND: Soluble dispersive mixture of domestic chicken collagen type Ⅱ (SmCC Ⅱ ) has been proven to be safe and effective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment while there are some similar articular cartilage degradation and autoimmune pathogenesis between osteoarthritis (OA) and RA, so it is worth studying whether SmCC Ⅱ is effective for the precaution or treatment of OA.OBJECTIVE: To observe the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of SmCC Ⅱ on rat OA and analyze the concomitant matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and tissue protease changes in osteoarthritic rats.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.MATERIALS: Totally 258 rats of clean grade and either gender, aged 6 weeks were involved in this experiment. SmCC Ⅱ (white powder, Batch No.00031004) was provided by Professor Ren Geng-Fu from Shanghai Engineering Institute of Herbal Biomedicine. The 20 mg/L and 80 mg/L solution of SmCC Ⅱ effective component were prepared before use.While 0.25% excipient (mannitol, product of Jiangsu Tianyuan Medical Co., Ltd) solution was prepared by 200 g/L mannitol dissolved in sterile saline solution.METHODS: The study was carried out in the Whole Animal Laboratory and Experimental Center, Sixth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University between March 2003 and February 2006. ①Prophylactic study: Totally 132 rats were randomized into 5 groups: OA group (n =36): treated with sterile saline solution orally by a 16G syringe, 1mL/d; Low- and high-dose SmCC Ⅱ groups (n =24, respectively): treated with 20 mg/L and 80 mg/L SmCC Ⅱ solution orally, 1 mL/d;Excipient group (n =24): treated with 2.5g/L mannitol, 1 mL/d. OA models were surgically induced in these 4 groups by Hilth's method; Normal group (n =24): Rats without operation were treated with sterile saline solution orally, 1 mL/d. All the rats were administrated on the day of modeling. ②Therapeutic study: Totally 126 rats were randomized into 5 groups, grouping, administration and rat number in different groups were the same as those in prophylactic study,respectively, except for the n =30 in OA group. In addition, all the rats were adminstrated for 8 weeks since 6 weeks after operation. The knee joints of right hind limb of all the rats were taken off after 1-week treatment. And sample was cut open along coronal incision for use. ③Morphological study of articular cartilage was conducted by HE staining and Mankin score was calculated to evaluate the severity of arthritis, immunohistochemical studies of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, MMP-9 and cathepsin K (Cath K) were carried out by ABC method in situ and the percentage of positive-stained chondrocytes were calculated while the mRNA level for MMP-13, MMP-9, Cath K and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The morphological changes of articular cartilage in different groups in prophylactic or therapeutic study.②The level of MMP-13, MMP-9, Cath K and their corresponding mRNA levels.RESULTS: All the 258 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Prophylactic study: Apparent degeneration appeared in the rats of OA group and the mankin score in OA group was higher than that in high- or low- SmCC Ⅱ groups [(6.44±0.81), (2.75±0.85), (2.70±0.81) points respectively, P ＜ 0.05], the mRNA and positive-stained chondrocyte percentage of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K in OA group was higher than that in high- or low-dose SmCC Ⅱ group, respectively (P ＜0.05-0.01) while the TIMP1mRNA level in OA group was not significantly higher than that in high or low SmCC Ⅱ group (P＞ 0.05). There were no significant changes on the level of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K between excipient and OA group (P ＞ 0.05). ②Therapeutic study: The Mankin's score of OA group was higher than high or low SmCC Ⅱ group [(6.96±1.02), (3.08±0.45), (4.00±0.94) respectively, P ＜ 0.05-0.01] while the mRNA and positive-stained chondrocyte percentage of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K in OA group was higher than that in high- or low-dose SmCC Ⅱ group,respectively (P ＜ 0.05-0.01) while the TIMP1mRNA level in OA group was not significantly higher than that in high- or low-dose SmCC Ⅱ group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: SmCC Ⅱ can delay the degradation of articular cartilage of OA rats and maybe effective for OA prevention or treatment. The mechanism maybe related to SmCC Ⅱ reducing the synthesis of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K at transcriptional level.

Objective To investigate the influence of Zafirlukast on the inflammatory factors and immune function of patients with seasonal allergic asthma.Methods 182 patients with seasonal allergic asthma from the department of respiratory in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups, 91 cases in each group.The control group treated with budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation, the experiment group received Zafirlukast on the basis of the control group,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,serum immunoglobulin levels, lung function,and the clinical effect were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group, serum levels of TNF-,IL-4,IL-6 were lower, level of IL-10 was higher in the experiment group after treatment, CD8 +T lymphocyte levels was lower, CD3 +, CD4 +T lymphocyte and CD4 +/CD8 +ratio levels were higher after treatment, serum levels of IgE, IgG, IgA were lower after treatment, levels of PEF,FEV1 ,FEV1/FVC were higher after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The effective rate in the experiment group 94.51% was higher than the control group 81.32% (P<0.05).Conclusion Zafirlukast can significantly reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors in patients with seasonal allergic asthma, improve the cellular immune function, reduce the level of immunoglobulin, effectively improve lung function, shorten the length of hospital stay, has better clinical curative effect.

Objective To investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor (PDGFR-β) in self-renewal of neural stem cells (NSCs).Methods In this study,NSCs of subventricular zone were isolated and cultured from PDGFR-β knockout (PDGFR-β-/-) mice of postnatal day 1 (P1) and P28;the number and diameters of secondary neurospheres were calculated;using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay,cell proliferation and survival rates were analyzed;gene expression profiles were determined by PCR-array analyses;the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on secondary neurospheres formation was examined in these cells.Results In PDGFR-β-/-NSCs,stem cell activities,such as number (/well;P1:25.9±1.3vs117.6±3.6,t=4.236,P＜0.01;P28:13.8± 0.7vs 19.8±0.6,t=2.116,P＜0.01)and diameters (μm;P1:67.7±1.9 vs 69.1 ±2.0,t=3.211,P＜0.01;P28:33.4±0.8vs37.8±0.8,t=2.354,P ＜0.01) of secondary neurospheres,cell proliferation (％;P1:73.3 ± 2.7 vs 88.7 ± 3.6,t =2.773,P ＜ 0.05;P28:28.6 ± 9.6 vs 68.2 ± 4.5,t =6.302,P ＜ 0.05) and survival rates (％;P1:14.5 ±2.1 vs 9.3 ± 1.3,t =7.222,P ＜ 0.05),were significantly lower as compared with age-matched controls.In comparison of the same genotypic NSCs,the decrease of secondary neurosphere formation was more striking in P28 NSCs than in P1 NSCs.PCR Array analyses demonstrated that expressions of fibroblast growth factor2 and BDNF were decreased (-2.04 ± 0.25,t =2.653,P ＜ 0.05;-3.24 ± 0.37,t =1.324,P ＜ 0.05),and Noggin (2.31 ± 0.37,t =2.749,P ＜ 0.05) was increased in P1 PDGFR-β-/-NSCs as compared with P1 controls.Addition of BDNF rescued the number and diameter of secondary neurospheres in P1 PDGFR-β-/-NSCs to similar levels as controls.Conclusions PDGFR-β signaling may play a role in the selfrenewal and proliferation of NSCs.BDNF may be involved in the effects of PDGFR-β signaling in these cells.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound and CT in the diagnosis of adrenal lesions .Methods A total of 70 pa‐tients of adrenal lesions were examined by ultrasound combined with CT .Pathologically confirmed 55 cases of adrenal tumors and 2 of cysts ,13 of hematoma with follow‐up .The results were analyzed and compared with ultrasound or CT individual inspection .Re‐sults The diagnosis accuracy of adrenal lesions by ultrasound with CT ,only ultrasound and CT ,were 88 .6% ,62 .8% and 72 .9% , 14 pheochromocytoma ,13 myelolipoma ,including 15 adenoma ,5 cortical carcinoma ,2 NHL ,6 metastalic tumor ,2 cysts ,13 hemato‐ma .There was a significant difference between two methods (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The combination of ultrasound and CT could improve accuracy greatly in diagnosis of adrenal lesions .

Objective To construct interpretation theory which is suitable to explain the connotation of interpersonal relationship among associate degree nursing students.Methods The data were collected through deep interviews.The content of interpersonal relationship was affirmed by three-level coding and comparing repeatedly.Results The core concept was gaining a feeling of belonging and it could be affected by 5 generic concepts including clinical teachers,head nurses,baccalaureate degree nursing students,patients and doctors.Conclusions Harmonious interpersonal relationship can be built according to the theory of interpretation and practice outcomes can be improved.

The non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation(NPPV) play an important role in treating patient with upper airway obstructive diseases.The use of NPPV in children has significantly increased in recent years internationally.Nevertheless,the paediatric NPPV support in China was less reported.This review aimed to clarify the indications,efficacy and technical methods in NPPV,and therefore searched papers including clinical studies,reviews and guidelines focusing on children with upper airway obstructive diseases who were treated on NPPV.The review concluded that NPPV is a treatment choice for patient who has upper airway obstruction and can not be solved by surgery.The NPPV avoids the impairment to the body caused by recurrent hypoxemia and arousals,decreases the rate of intubation and improves the quality of life.NPPV need to be preformed in a professional children's medical center.Education and training for the parent is the key point of improving treatment compliance.