From 1988 to 1995, 148 patients with varicosis of lower extremity were treated by local i-jection with 40% urea. The results were good. The mechanism of urea injection for treating the varicosis of lower extreatment was discussed.The urea therapy is one of better methods for the varicosis of lower extremity.

The main purpose of this work is to prepare self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of a poorly water soluble drug, puerarin. Solubility of puerarin was determined in various oils and surfactants. Oleic acid and Tween 80 provided higher solubility. Addition of propylene glycol as cosurfactant improved solubility of puerarin and the spontaneity of self-emulsification. A series of mixtures comprising oleic acid, propylene glycol and Tween 80 were prepared and their self-emulsifying properties were studied. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsification region and particle sizes of the resultant emulsions were determined using a laser diffraction sizer. The harmacokinetic behaviors of three different SEDDS formulations (F2, F3, F4) were investigated in Beagle dogs. The bioavailability was compared using the pharmacokinetic parameters, peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach peak plasma concentration (Tmax) and total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t). AUC0-t was significantly higher in formulation F2 group (5.201±0.511) ng·mL-1·h and formulation F3 group (5.174±0.498) ng·mL-1·h than that in formulation F4 group (3.013±0.623) ng·mL-1·h. Also, Cmax was significantly higher in formulation F2 group (1.524±0.125) ng·mL-1 and formulation F3 group (1.513±0.157) ng·mL-1 than that in formulation F4 group (0.939±0.089) ng·mL-1. Further analysis of the data showed a statistically significant difference between F2 and F4 (P<0.01) as well as F3 and F4 (P<0.01) with regard to the values of AUC0-∞ and Cmax for three SEDDS formulations, but not between those of F2 and F3 (P>0.05). From these studies, the SEDDS formulation containing oleic acid (17.5%), Tween 80 (34.5%) and propylene glycol (34.5%) (w/w) was selected as an optimized SEDDS formulation of puerarin. The data suggest the potential use of SEDDS to improve oral absorption of puerarin.

Objective To apply daily goal health education in the inpatients with stroke,to observe the influence on cognitive attitude to the disease and treatment compliance of patients.Methods A total of 133 cases of inpatients with ischemic stroke were included,which were divided into experimental group (n=67) and control group (n=66),experimental group conducted with daily goal health education mode,while the control group with conventional health education mode.Cognitive attitude to the disease and treatment compliance were all compared in patients when discharged.Results After health education in two ways,scores of disease treatment attitude and social participation attitude of the experimental group [(12.15±2.61) points and (5.70±1.60) points] was higher than the control group [(11.33±1.91) points and (5.02±1.49) points],the difference was statistically significant (t=2.059,2.561,P＜0.05),treatment compliance was higher than control group (x2=6.130-7.063,P＜0.05).Conclusions Daily goal health education can significandy improve the cognitive attitude and the treatment compliance of patients with stoke,which is a good health education mode to the inpatients with stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To screen the best macroporous adsorptive resin for separation and purification of flower Elaeagnus angustifolia flavonoids and to establish the purification process parameters. METHODS: Using macroporous adsorption resin adsorption rate and desorption rate as the indexes, the best resin was screened out for enriching flower Elaeagnus angustifolia flavonoids. The optimal process conditions were investigated through single factor test. RESULTS: DA201 resin showed good adsorption and separation property for Elaeagnus angustifolia flavonoids. The detailed process conditions were as follows: the ratio of diameter to height of resin column was 1:8, sample loading rate was 0.5 mL·min-1, sample concentration was 20 mg·mL-1, pH was adjusted to 4, with elution rate of 0.5 mL·min-1, the largest sample load was 4.5 BV, eluent concentration was 80% and the dosage was 12 BV. CONCLUSION: DA201 type resin, showed good purification effect for flavonoids Elaeagnus angustifolia in the defined process conditions with a yield of 85.23%. The purity of total flavonoids achieved 14.95%, which was 3 times of that by coarse extraction (4.901%). Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the trend of drug use in22hospitals in Hangzhou region.METHODS:The medi?cation data obtained from22hospitals in Hangzhou region during the period from2002to2004were statistically analyzed.RESULTS:The total amount of money for drug purchase has been steadily increasing,but the growth rate has begun to de?crease;The amount of money for purchase of anti-infective agents always ranked the first but the percentage declined year by year;The purchase of domestic drugs increased by a wide margin and accounted almost50%of the total market consumption.CONCLUSION:The money used in purchase of anti-malignancy drug,drug for cardiovascular system,and vitamins tends to increase.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and effects of surgical treatment of children with thalamic tumors.Methods The clinical data of 22 cases were retrospectively studied and followed-up 6 months to 9 years.Results There were 13 boys and 9 girls,their ages ranging from 3 to 13 years.The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis about 2 months.Headache and papilledem were the most symptoms and signs,respectively.Most children′s thalamic tumors were low grade tumors with clear verge.In this group,good results were obtained that total remove 9 cases,subtotal remove 8 cases,partial remove 3 cases,biopsy 2 cases and no surgical death.Conclusions Clinical character of children thalamic tumors is distinct and good surgical results in the nearly future.The long results are determined by type of pathology.

Humans ; Otitis Media ; classification ; pathology ; surgery

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Critical Care ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; blood ; urine ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; blood ; urine

Objective To investigate the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)on minute gas-tric stromal tumor (MGST).Methods 90 patients diagnosed with MGST were randomly divided into two groups. 45 patients in A group were given conventional endoscopic diagnosis,45 cases in B group were treated with endoscopic ultrasound diagnosis.After the two groups of patients with endoscopic treatment,the coincidence rate of preoperative diagnosis and pathological inspection test results was recorded,clinical features in MGST under EUS diagnosis were analyzed.Results All patients were diagnosed in the case of endoscopic surgery,endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)accounted for 94.44%,which was significantly higher than the use of endoscopic full -thickness resection (EFR)percentage of 5.56%,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =14.22,P <0.05);The two groups of patients after endoscopic treatment,were diagnosed as pathological inspection MGST.Preoperative diagnosis showed that EUS MGST suspected cases of 40 patients,conventional endoscopy MGST suspected cases of 31 cases.The diag-nosis coincidence rate of B group (88.89%)was significantly higher than that in A group (68.88%),the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =5.40,P <0.05);MGST of EUS images could be clearly observed in patients with tumor morphology,size,location,growth pattern,internal parenchyma,echo pattern,strengthening methods,the compo-sition ratio in line with the results of endoscopic treatment,diagnosis results in line with the pathological diagnosis. Conclusion EUS has significant value for the diagnosis of MGST,it has advantages in the clinical guidance and treatment.

Multicellular spheroid (MCS) can simulate many aspects of the in vivo physiological and pathological conditions in many aspects,better reflect the in-vivo behavior of cells in tumors.So it's increasingly accepted as a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic intervention including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immunotherapy and combined therapy.Various spheroid co-culture approaches have been presented to study heterologous cells interaction in solid tumors.The present review briefly introduces the methodology and applications of MCS with focus on the up-to-date information.