Xenopus Paraxial Protocadherin (PAPC), which was initially identified in a screen for genes present in the Spemann organizer of Xenopus embryos, is required for gastrulation, somitogenesis and otic vesicle formation. In order to investigate its function in various developmental events, an antibody was prepared which could specifically recognize Xenopus PAPC. Glutathione S transferase (GST) expression system was used to express the fusion protein GST-PAPC. Rabbits were immunized with GST-PAPC Western blotting analysis of FL-PAPC transfected HEK 293T cells lysates, which could be specifically blocked by pre-adsorption of prokaryotic expressed GST-PAPC fusion protein. Furthermore, by using immunofluorescence analysis the polyclonal antibody recognized membrane-bound PAPC in FL-PAPC transfected 293T cells and Xenopus animal cap cells. By Western blotting analysis,the endogenous 150 ku PAPC protein was detected in Xenopus embryos using the anti-PAPC antibody. Take together it could be concluded that a polyclonal antibody specifically against Xenopus PAPC was developed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous haemostat stroke-poking reduction and elastic intramedullary nailing for pediatric radial neck fractures of O'Brien types Ⅱ & Ⅲ.Methods From January 2014 to June 2016,38 children (23 boys and 15 girls) with radial neck fracture of O'Brien type u or Ⅲ were treated by percutaneous haemostat stroke-poking reduction and elastic intramedullary nailing in our department.We had 26 left and 12 right sides.Their ages ranged from 5 to 14 years,averaging 8.6 years.All fractures were fresh.According to O'Brien classification,22 cases were type Ⅱ and 16 type Ⅲ.The operation time,frequency of intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy,frequency of percutaneous haemostat stroke-poking reduction,and union time were recorded.The elbow function was assessed one day before removal of internal implants according to the Métaizeau scoring system.Results All operations succeeded,lasting from 12 to 25 min (average,16.4 min).The frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy ranged from 3 to 11 times (average,6.4 times);the frequency of intraoperative percutaneous reduction ranged from 1 to 4 times (average,2.3 times).The patients were followed up for 6 to 22 months (average,1 1.2 months).Postoperative X-ray films showed satisfactory alignment of the fracture ends.All fractures demonstrated clinical and radiographic evidence of complete healing after a mean time of 58 days (from 38 to 72 days).The Métaizeau scoring showed 33 excellent,4 good and one fair cases,yielding an excellent to good rate of 97.4％.Follow-ups revealed no infection,implants breakage,nonunion,fracture redisplacement,or iatrogenic radial nerve injury.Conclusions As percutaneous haemostat stroke-poking reduction can increase the probability of successful reduction at first attempt,reduce frequency of close reduction and X-ray exposure for both children and medical staff,and shorten operation time,the procedure is effective,simple,reliable and minimally invasive,leading to fewer complications.

Objective To study the impacts of alcohol dependence on the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. Meth?ods Kunming mice (n=36) were divided into 3 groups (n=12 in each group), Alcohol Dependence Group(A group), Diaze?pam Group(D group)and Normal Saline Group(N group). A group received an intraperitoneal injection with a 0.2 mL dose of 0.8%alcohol in NS (normal saline) , while both D and N group received an injection with a 0.2 mL dose of NS without alco?hol , twice a day. Mice’s autonomic activities were monitored every day. After 7 days, the electroconvulsive experiment was performed. Both A and D group were given a weight-based dose of 0.05 mL/10 g of 0.05%diazepam via intraperitoneal injec? tion, while N group was given a 0.05 mL/10 g dose of NS. Before administration and after 15, 30, 60 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of each group was measured. Results The count of autonomic activity of mice in A group was less than that of mice in D and N group during the 2nd day to 6th day(P<0.05). On the 1st and 7th day, the difference of the count of autonomic activity of mice between A group and the other two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in D and N group before administration(P<0.05). Af?ter administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in N group didn’t show statistically significant difference from that of mice before administration(P>0.05). After 15 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in D group was high?er than that of mice in A and N group(P<0.05), while the convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in N group(P<0.05). After 30 min and 60 min of administration, both the convulsion thresholds of mice in A and D group were higher than that of mice in N group(P<0.05). However, at this point, the difference of the convulsion thresholds of mice between A and D group was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Alcohol dependence has anticon?vulsant effect. Alcohol dependence weakens the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam.

Objective To determine the difference in blood microcirculation recovery between normal frostbite and high-altitude frostbite during the wound healing.Methods Twenty four male rats were randomly divided into control group (n=8), normal frostbite group (n=8), and high-altitude group (n=8). The normal frostbite group rats were frozen to produce mid-degree frostbite models by controlling the freezing time with liquid nitrogen penetration equipment. The high-altitude frostbite group rats were acclimated to a hypoxic and low-pressure environment for 1 week, and then the high-altitude frostbite models were constructed by the same way with liquid nitrogen penetration apparatus. On days 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23 after modeling, the recovery situation of blood circulation of each group was observed with contrast ultrasonography by injecting SonoVue micro-bubble into rats' tail. Finally, the micro-bubble concentration (MC) was calculated to confirm the blood circulation recovery with software Image Pro. ResultsAt different time points, the wound area of the high-altitude frostbite group was bigger than that of the normal frostbite group, and the MC of control group was always about (27±0.2)×109/ml. On day 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23, the MC was significantly lower in the high-altitude frostbite group than in the control group and normal frostbite group (P<0.05). The MC of normal frostbite group was significantly lower than that of the control group on day 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 (P<0.05). In addition, no obvious difference in MC was found between normal group and control group on the 23th day (P<0.05).Conclusion The blood microcirculation recovery after high-altitude frostbite is significantly slower than the normal frostbite.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Angiopoietin-1,2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and the relationship between Angiopoietin-1,2 expression and clinicopathologic parameters and microvessel density (MVD) marked by CD105, and also evaluate the significance of co-expression of Ang-2 and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) in tumor angiogenesis. METHOD: The expression of Ang-1,2 and VEGF in samples of tumor, para cancer and normal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULT: The expression of Angiopoietin-1,2 were identified in LSCC, para cancer tissue and normal mucosa. The VEGF expression was only existed in LSCC. The expression of Ang-1,2 were significantly higher in LSCC than in para cancer tissue (P < 0.05) and normal mucosa (P < 0.01). In the clinicopathologic parameters, only the expression of Ang-2 was closely correlated with clinical stages and MVD (all P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the expression of Ang-1,2 and tumor differentiation degree (all P > 0.05). When the expression of Ang-2 and VEGF were both positive, the mean value of MVD was higher than others (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that overexpression of Ang-1,2 may play a very important role in the development of LSCC and are closely correlated with angiogenesis. Ang-2 promote angiogenesis when interacting with VEGF.
Aged ; Angiopoietin-1 ; metabolism ; Angiopoietin-2 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of detection of protein SP70 in differentiating benign and malignant pleural effusion.Methods A case-control study was conducted from July 2011 to February 2012.108 cases of pleural effusion from patients with clinically proven lung cancers and 122 cases of benign pleural effusion were collected.SP70 was detected by Sandwich ELISA,while CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for comparison.Meanwhile,protein SP70 on exfoliated cells in pleural effusion was detected by direct immunofluorescence,and was compared with the results of HE staining.The differences between the groups were evaluated by the chisquare test Fisher' s exact test.Results Positive rates of SP70,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE were 72.2％,58.3％,52.8％ and 30.6％ in malignant pleural effusion,obviously higher than benign pleural effusio (9.8％,13.1％,23.0％ and 19.7％).The specificity of SP70,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE were 90.2％,86.9％,77.0％ and 80.3％,NSCLC had significantly higher positive rate than SCLC(74.3％ ＞0.0％,P =0.02 ＜ 0.05),detection of protein SP70 in malignant pleural effusion had significantly higher coincidence rate than HE staining(72.2％ vs 47.2％,x2 =14.03,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Determination of the protein SP70 in pleural effusion and in exfoliated cells,can improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by continuous inflammation and ulcer formation in the intestinal mucosa.Its pathogenesis involves immune dysfunction,dysbio-sis of gut microbiota,and mucosal damage caused by inflammation.Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death regulated by disturbances in iron metabolism,lipid peroxidation,and depletion of glutathione(GSH).Studies have indicated that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of UC,particularly in regulating in-flammatory responses and damaging intestinal epithelial cells.This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms and roles of ferroptosis in UC and discusses the potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate UC symptoms by modulating iron metabolism,reducing lipid peroxidation,and maintaining GSH levels,providing new targets and directions for the diagnosis and treatment of UC.

Objective To investigate the role of two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) in the measurement of fetal frontomaxillay facial (FMF) angle. Methods FMF angle in fetuses at 11~(+0) to 13~(+6) weeks were measured with 2DUS and 3DUS respectively. The difference between measurements and reproducibility were compared, and the relationship between FMF angle measured with 3DUS and crown-rump length (CRL) was assessed.Results FMF angle was obtained in 37 fetuses. Assessable fetuses increased with increased CRL, while the values of FMF angle decreased. Qualified 3D volumes were obtained from 30/37 (81.08%) fetuses, while qualified 2D measurements were available in 18/37 (48.65%) fetuses. For the same fetus, the difference between two measurements with 3DUS was significantly less than that with 2DUS (1.68°±1.01° vs 2.78°±1.95°, P<0.01). For the 11 fetuses assessed with both methods, the values of FMF angle obtained with two methods were not significant different. There was significant negative correlation between FMF angle and fetal CRL (r＝-0.540,P<0.01).Conclusion FMF angle in fetuses at 11~(+0) to 13~(+6) weeks can be achieved rapidly and accurately with 3DUS.

Objective To investigate the incidence and distribution of fetal discrepancy during the first trimester in dichorionic twins.Methods This was a prospective analysis of dichorionic twin pregnancies that underwent 11+0～ 13+6 week scan at a tertiary hospital from Sep 2008 to Oct 2010.Differences in crown-rump length (CRL),nuchal translucency ( NT),heart rate ( HR).deepest vertical pockets of amniotic fluid (DVP) for every pair of twin fetuses were calculated and expressed as absolute value and percentage of discordance.Results A total of 66 dichorionic twin pregnancies were included.The average CRL was significantly different between the larger fetus and the smaller one,which were (65.28 ±8.54)mm and (62.34 ± 8.49) mm respectively ( P ＜ 0.001).The average NT was significantly different between two fetuses,which were ( 1.56 ± 0.35) mm and (1.28 ± 0.30) mm respectively. HR and DVP were also statistically different between two fetuses ( P ＜0.001).Conclusions The growth of two fetuses in normal dichorionic twins is not uniform during the first trimester.

Objective To determine the diagnostic value of two and three dimensional ultrasound in detecting fetal hand malformations. Methods In the retrospectively analysis,the severe fetal hand malformations detected by prenatal ultrasound during the recent three years in our hospital were classified according to the prenatal sonographic characteristics,family history,karyotype analysis and autopsy results,etc.Results Fourteen fetuses with hand-anomaly were detected during the 16-28th week of gestation,both hands were affected in 10 cases,with the same morphology bilaterally in 8 cases.Thirteen cases had other abnormal sonographic findings.They were detected and classified into three categories,Wrist deformity (9 cases),three fetuses were associated with total absence of radius and radial clubhand,and six fetuses had palmar deviated hands,with various etiologies including familial hereditary arthrogryposis multiplex congenita,distal type 1 (AMCD1),amniotic band syndrome,body stalk anomaly,trisomy18 and micromelia.Hand (figer) hypoplasia or aphasia (3 cases),one hand was absent in one fetus without associated anomaly,absence of five fingers with ipsilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney in the second fetus,and the third fetus had split hand/foot malformation (SHFM).Overlapping fingers (4 cases),three of them were trisomy18,and two fetuses had both wrist deformity and overlapping fingers.Conclusions Prenatal two and three dimensional ultrasound play an important role in detecting and diagnosing severe type of fetal hand malformations.