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Our experiments have shown that bee venom possesses effects of significantly increasing the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane,markedly decreasing the whole blood and plasma viscosities,accelerating erythrocyte microelectrophoresis speed and reducing erythrocyte rigidity index in rabbit. The results showed that bee venom can markedly change some of the parameters of hemorrheology,and possess certain effects in promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis.

Objective To explore the conventional MRI,diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)characteristics and the pathological basis of angiomatous meningioma.Methods The conventional MRI,DWI and pathological manifestations of 7 cases with angioma-tous meningioma confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)value of the tumors and contralateral normal brain parenchyma were measured and compared with each other.Results Among the 7 ca-ses,5 cases were in the convexity of brain (4 cases in the frontal part and 1 case in the parietal part),and 2 cases in the parasella. 6 cases showed hypointense on T1 WI and hyperintense on T2 WI,and 1 case showed isointense on both T1 WI and T2 WI.The necro-sis within the tumor was seen in 2 cases.The flowing void phenomenon was seen in 6 cases.The significant peritumoral edema was seen in 5 cases on FLAIR.Significant enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1 WI was seen in all the cases.The average ADC value of the tumors (1.35×10 -3 mm2/s)was significently higher than that of the contralateral normal parenchyma (0.92 × 10 -3 mm2/s) (t=7.21,P <0.01).Mature vessel component was seen on pathological section in all the cases.For immunohistochemically analy-sis,the expression of vimentin (Vim)was positive in 6 cases and scattered positive in 1 case.The expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)was positive in all the cases.Conclusion The MRI features of angiomatous meningioma are closely correlated with rich blood vessels.The ADC value of the tumor is higher than that of the contralateral parenchyma,which is helpful for the diagno-sis.

The number of IPFI has increased in recent years because of the increasing of immunocompromised hosts due to abuse of antibiotics,glucocorticoids,immunosuppressants and all kinds of invasive operations,organ transplants.The mortality of IPFI remains highly because it's difficult to early diagnosis.Histopathologic biopsy remains as the gold standard for IPFI diagnosis although limited by materials.Imaging manifestations are nonspecific but have important suggestive values to some kinds of fungus.Direct examination is quickly but it's difficult to distinguish strain.Fungal culture can guide the treatment but its positive rate is low and the distinguish for contamination,infection and colonization is hard.Serological test has high sensitivity and specificity,but it cannot distinguish strain and it can yield false positives and false negative.Molecular biology is one of rapid developing methods,but its application is limited due to lack of standardized procedures and standards to assess its results,furthermore it can yield false positives.The proper diagnosis for IPFI relies on the comprehensive assessment combing with advantages and disadvantages of various methods.

Objective To determine the relationship between preoperative plasma D-dimer level and the lymphnode metastasis characteristics in colorectal cancer patients.Methods A total of 106 patients with colorectal cancer were studied in order to evaluate this relationship.Their preoperative plasma D-dimer levels were measured.Results were correlated with the clinicopathological findings.Results Significantly different plasma D-dimer levels were found with respect to histologic N(P ＜ 0.001).The number of lymph node metastases was found to have the strongest association with D-dimer level among the significant clinicopathologic factors (Spearman rank correlation,P ＜0.001).The most useful cutoff of the plasma D-dimer levels for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was determined to be 0.4 μg/mL.Conclusion Plasma D-dimer levels can help assess lymph node metastasis in patients with eophageal cancer and should be measured preoperatively.

BACKGROUND: Saving the humeral head is a challenge when the proximal humerus is fracture in orthopedic trauma, and how to obtain medial column support is a hot topic in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the general concept, clinical significance and function, the common injury mechanism of humeral calcar, and the progress using locking plate so as to improve the clinicians' understanding for the humeral calcar and to reduce the occurrence of surgical complications. METHODS: From 2004 to 2019, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Springer Link about the treatment and research progress of proximal medial wall of the humerus were searched by the first author. The key words were "proximal humeral fracture, Philos, intermedial screw, calcar screw, fibular allograft, middle support" in English, and "proximal humeral fracture, humeral spur, medial column, plate, fibular allograft" in Chinese. The references were retrieved by hand. Finally, 51 studies were used for review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The range of the humeral calcar region is still unclear. There is no uniform classification standard for fractures involving the humeral calcar region. X-ray films show that calcar fracture patterns are often inconsistent with the actual fracture situation, which is often a complex fracture. Lack of understanding and paying litter attention to the humeral calcar region is the main reason of iatrogenic injury and the failure to get a good repair. (2) Treatment using the locking plate is still the preferred method for proximal humerus fracture. Meanwhile, it is a feasible method that using the screw, the allogeneic iliac bone graft, the bone cement or the medial plate to reconstruct the medial column if there is a "repairable medial wall". Getting anatomical reduction of the internal wall and effective support of the medial column during operation can help to reduce postoperative complications. However, the use of the medial buttress plate requires further research to verify. It is critical important to repair the rotator cuff for the medial column support. (3) The range of the humeral calcar region needs to be unified. Understanding the humerus calcar is essential for the treatment of proximal humeral fracture. Only by mastering the fracture mode of the humerus calcar and choosing the most appropriate surgical procedure before surgery, meanwhile, achieving anatomical reduction of the medial wall and the effective support of the medial column during operation can reduce the postoperative complications of the fracture. Repairing of the rotator cuff carefully during operation is indispensable for patients to obtain better shoulder function.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and the safety of FOLFOX4 regimen for patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC). Methods: All of the 32 AGC patients were assessable for the safety analysis and for response. Oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2) was infused over 2 h on day 1. The leucovorin (LV, 200 mg/m2) was infused for 2 h followed by bolus (400 mg/m2) and a 22 h infusion (600 mg/m2) of 5-FU on day 1 and day 2. The treatment was repeated every 2 weeks and twice treatment as one cycle. All the patients received at least 4 cycles of treatment. Results: Of the 32 patients, 1 patient had complete response and 14 patients had partial responses (overall response rate 46.9%, 15/32). The median time to progression (TTP) was 5.6 months. The major adverse effects were mild peripheral neuropathy, nausea/vomiting and neutropenia. No treatment-related death occurred. Conclusion: FOLFOX4 regimen has good efficacy on AGC with relatively light toxicity. It could be selected as chemotherapy regimen for AGC patients.

Objective:To explore the relationship between coronary slow flow (CSF) and vascular inflammatory fac-tors .Methods :A total of 229 inpatients with normal coronary angiography (CAG) results were selected as research object .According to CAG TIMI flow and corrected TIMI frame count ,patients were divided into CSF group (n=102 ,no obvious lesion in epicardial coronary artery but coronary flow was slow ) and normal coronary group (n=127 ,completely normal epicardial coronary artery and blood flow ) .General clinical data were collected ,vascular inflammatory factors were measured and their relationship with CSF was analyzed .Results:Compared with normal coronary group ,there were significant rise in levels of high sensitive C reactive protein [ (1.41+0.72 ) mg/L vs . (2.82+0.58) mg/L] ,interleukin 1 [ (0.18 ± 0.05)μg/L vs .(0.26 ± 0.06)μg/L] and interleukin 6 [ (0.363 ± 0.016) ng/L vs .(0.465 ± 0.015) ng/L] in CSF group , P<0.05 all .Logistic regression analysis indicated that vas-cular inflammatory factors were risk factor for CSF occurrence (OR= 1.008 , P= 0.015 ) .Conclusion:Coronary flow velocity is closely related to vascular inflammatory factors .

To explore the allocation and equity of health resource in Changsha between 2007 and 2013 and to provide references for government to carry out regional health planning. Method:General statistical analysis was used to describe changes of health resource allocation in Changsha;from the perspective of the population and geography of the nine counties in Changsha, the equality and change of the configuration among doctors, nurses and hospital beds were analyzed by using the Gini coefficient and Theil index. Results:1) The per capita amount of health resources in Changsha increased gradually, and health resources were mainly concentrated in urban areas. 2 ) The Gini coeffi-cients of doctors, nurses and hospital beds was 0. 24~0. 46 according to population distribution between 2007 and 2013 in Changsha, and the Gini coefficient of all health resources by geography was 0. 59~ 0. 79 and peaked in 2009 to then decrease year after year. Following a comparison of the two kinds of regions, the Gini coefficient of urban are-as was significantly higher than that of rural areas, and the Gini coefficient of nurses was the highest among all health resources. 3) Changes in the Theil index were consistent with the Gini coefficient. The difference in the degree of re-source allocation in urban areas exhibited a rising trend, The Theil index was higher than each regional difference. Conclusion:Overall, the equity of allocation of health resources in Changsha between 2007 and 2013 gradually im-proved year by year. The equity of population configuration was greater than that of geographical configuration, and the equity of rural areas was superior to that of urban areas;the equity of the configuration of nurses was poor. The difference between areas is the main factor affecting the equity of Changsha’s health resource allocation.

BACKGROUND:Animal models can be used to study specific scientific problems of intervertebral disc biology.Model of disc degeneration is mainly used to resolve the relevant disease mechanisms and scientific and security issues of the treatment.OBJECTIVE:To summarize currently used experimental animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration study,and to dynamically observe and confirm the pathological process of disc degeneration based on disc imaging,morphology,biomechanics and bi(o)chemicel changes.METHODS:Using "intervertebral disc degeneration,animal models,in vivo,in vitro" in English as the search words,Cochrane Library (No.1 2009),Cochrane Library Database of Controlled Clinical Trials (No.1 2009),MEDLINE from 1990 to March 2009,EMbase from 1990 to March 2009,Current Controlled Trials,and the National Research Register were retrieved.Literature was limited to English language.The disc imaging,morphology,biomechanical end biochemical composition and other indicators,as well as the pathological process of disc degeneration served as the evaluation indices.The articles related to the intervertebral disc cell culture models,the whole disc tissue culture model,mechanical model,injury model,biological model,genetically modified models,spontaneous models were included.The repetitive researches and those unrelated to animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The establishment of a reliable animal model can provide favorable conditions for studying the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration,at the same time,provides a good experimental vehicle for various researches about the repair treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration can be divided into two categories:in vitro models and in vivo models of disc degeneration and repair.The former can be assigned into disc cell culture models and whole disc tissue culture model;the latter is assigned into mechanical models,injury models,biological models,genetically modified models,spontaneous models and so on.The above models are commonly used in the study of the occurring mechanism of disc degeneration,as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of a variety of treatments.However,there is still no generally accepted animal models as an ideal disc degeneration model,various types of models reported have their own advantages and disadvantages.