Aim To investigate the effects of emodin on the contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle(GBSM)and the L-type calcium current in GBSM cells.Methods Gallbladder muscle strips were obtained from adult guinea pigs and the resting tension was recorded.Gallbladder smooth muscle cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion,and calcium current was recorded by the whole-cell patch clamp method.Results Emodin-induced contraction of GBSM was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with nifedipine.Emodin increased the L-type calcium current in a dose-dependent manner.When 10 ?mol?L-1 emodin was applied to GBSM cells,the amplitude of L-type calcium current at +10 mV was enhanced by(45.2?2.26)%.In the presence of PKC inhibitor,staurosporine,emodin did not significantly affect the calcium current.Conclusion Emodin enhances L-type calcium current via PKC-dependent pathway and promotes gallbladder contraction.

Humans ; Myocardium ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering

ObjectiveTo explore the role of β-catenin in the proinvasive consequences of hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe established in vitro and in vivo hypoxic models using the highly metastatic MHCC97 and the stable red fluorescent protein-expressing MHCC97-R cells.The role of β-catenin in hypoxia-mediated aggressiveness was investigated by β-catenin knockdown.ResultsHypoxia caused a pronounced arrest of proliferation in MHCC97 cells,suppressed tumor growth in MHCC97-R xenografts,but promoted in vitro invasiveness and in vivo metastasis.β-Catenin-silencing by short hairpin significantly inhibited the enhanced invasiveness of MHCC97 cells due to hypoxia,reduced the increase in distant metastasis by hepatic arterial ligation,but failed to further restrain cell proliferation.Conclusionβ-Catenin in HCC cells plays an essential role in the hypoxia-induced metastatic potential.A reduction of βcatenin expression inhibited the proinvasive consequences of hypoxia in HCC.

Photosynthetic bacteria(PSB) showed great promise in biohydrogen production. Chromatium vinosum was able to utilize the fermentation waste of Klebsiella oxytoca for both photo-fermentative and dark-fermentative hydrogen production. The content of residual sugars and main organic acids decreased obviously after hydrogen production by C.vinosum. The maximal hydrogen production of C.vinosum was obtained at pH 6.5 adding extra 0.1%(W/W) NH_4Cl. Under photo-fermentative conditions, the content of butyric acid decreased by 54.38%, and the maximal hydrogen yield was 36.97 mL/mg cell. Under dark-fermentative conditions, the content of butyric acid decreased by 36.1% and the maximal hydrogen production was achieved as 37.50 mL/mg cell.

Objective To describe a novel surgical technique for male long-segment urethral stric- ture after pelvic trauma using the intact and pedieled pendulous urethra to replace the bulbar and membra- nous urethra,and then reconstructing anterior urethra.Methods Three patients with long-segment post- traumatic bulbar and membranous urethral strictures with short left pendulous urethras who had undergone several failed previous surgeries were treated with staged pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty fol- lowed by reconstruction of the anterior urethra.This procedure was divided into 3 stages.The first-stage sur- gery was mobilization of anterior urethra down to the coronary sulcus and then re-routing the prostatic urethra followed by pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty with transposition of penis to perineum.The sec- ond-stage surgery was transecting the anterior urethra at the site of coronary sulcus 6 months later when it was re-vaseularized,then straightening the penis and performing urethroperineostomy.The third-stage surgery was reconstruction of anterior urethra 6 months later.Results Case 1 reported satisfactory voiding postopera- tively.Retrograde urethrography showed that the urethra was patent with no post-voiding residual urine (PVR),and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux almost disappeared.The Qmax was 18.8ml/s,and 18ml/s after the third stage surgery and at 2-year follow-up.Case 2 also had satisfactory voiding.A 22F urethral catheter could smoothly pass through the urethra,and Qmax was 19.5 ml/s with no PVR at 2-year follow-up.Case 3 underwent the first stage surgery through perineal and pubic routes.The urethrorectal and urethroperineal fis- tulas were excised and repaired simultaneously.After operation the fistulas healed,but the stenostomia resul- ting from wound infection needed further treatment.Conclusions This procedure is effective for men with complex long-segment post-traumatic bulbar and membranous urethral strictures,especially for those undergo- ing failed previous surgical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the eradication rate and long-term therapeutic effect of a triple therapy consisted of cla-(rithromycin) (CLA), amoxicillin (AMO)and omeperazole on Hp infection,and explore the alternative therapeutic programs and their effects after first therapeutic failure.Methods A total of 92 children with Hp infection were divided into two groups: 70 children were given the triple therapy for one week (CLA group);Twenty-two children were given another triple therapy composed of metronida-(zoole) (MET), AMO and omeperazole for two weeks (MET group).All of the children were followed up for 1-30 months after the therapies ended.Children of the two groups who were therapeutic failure were given retreatment as follows.CLA triple therapy were given for one week to the children who were failure after MET triple therapy;increased doses of CLA with longer treatment course was given to the children who were failure after CLA triple therapy . A tetra therapy consisted of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS), furazolidone (FUR) ,omeperazole and AMO was given to children in whom the retreatment failed.Results The Hp eradication rate of CLA group was 91.4%(64/70),and the Hp eradication rate of MET group was 72.7%(16/22).There was significant difference between eradication rate of the two groups(?~2=5.16 P

Objective To investigate the effect of Avastin (bevacizumab) combined with preoperative FOLFOX neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).MethodsA total of 80 cases of patients with LARC treated with total mesorectal excision (TME) in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, 40 cases in each group.The control group were treated with preoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy while the observation group were treated with bevacizumab injection, based on the treatment in the control group.21 days was a cycle of chemotherapy, and both groups were treated for at least 4 cycles.After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, operation was carried out, following TEM principle.The short-term and long-term prognosis, rate of R0 resection, the incidence of postoperative complications and side effects of chemotherapy were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in the good response rate of chemotherapy, the rate of R0 resection, the incidence of postoperative complications, the 1-year and 3-year survival rates and 1-year disease-free survival rate.The incidence rates of gastrointestinal reactions and bone marrow suppression in the observation group were 52.5% and 52.5%, respectively while in the control group were 25.0% and 20.0%, respectively (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence rates of grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow suppression between the observation group and the control group (5.0% and 15.0% vs 2.5% and 5.0%).The 3-year disease-free survival rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (82.5% vs 60.0%) (P<0.05).ConclusionThe application of bevacizumab combined with preoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy in the treatment of LARC can improve the 3-year disease-free survival rate, without increasing postoperative adverse reactions and serious side effects of chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the impact of iodine nutrition on children in areas with different iodized-salt covering rate after adjusting the iodine content in iodized salt in Hangzhou.Methods After adjusting the iodine content of salt,every county (area,city) of Hangzhou was divided into east,west,south,north and middle districts;one school was selected in each district,40 children aged 8-10 years old in each school were selected.The goiter rates of 8-10 years old students were examined (WS 276-2007).The family salt and urine samples of each student were collected.The levels of salt and urinary iodine were measured by picric sodium thiosulfate titrimetric (GB 13025.7-2012) and spectrophotometer method (WS/T 107-2006),respectively.Areas were classified according to the coverage rate of iodized salt ＜95％ and ≥95％,and their urinary iodine levels were compared.Results A total of 2 395 samples were collected with a median salt iodine concentration of 23.50 mg/kg and a urinary iodine level of 167.45 μg/L.The goiter rate of children 8-10 years old was 1.75％ (42/2 395).The total iodized-salt covering rate was 93.15％ (2 231/2 395) and the difference was statistically significant between different districts and towns (x2 =153.13,P ＜0.01),but the level was less than 95％ in 6 areas.The urinary median iodine was 151.00 μg/L in the areas where the iodized-salt covering rate was less than 95％,lower than 173.50 μg/L in the areas where the iodized-salt covering rate was more than or equal to 95％ (x2 =-5.28,P ＜0.01).Conclusions After adjusting the iodine content of salt in Hangzhou,the iodine-nutrition status of 8 to 10 years old students is optimal.But the urinary iodine levels are different in areas with different iodized-salt covering rates,so the coverage of iodized salt at household level need to be enhanced and the health education should be strengthen.

Objective To investigate the learning curve of laparoscopy-assisted anorectoplasty in the treatment of high imperforate anus.Methods Sixty patients with high congenital anal atresia who were treated with laparoscopy-assisted anorectoplasty in the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 2008 to October 2015 by one experience surgeon were selected as observation group.Based on the criteria,the patients were divided into 4 groups(15 cases in each group) according to the sequence of the operation and every 15 cases served as a learning phase.The operating time,frequency of operation,complication rate,conversion rate to open surgery,blood loss,the rates of blood transfusion and hospital stay were compared among the 4 phases.Results The mean operation duration was (176.3 ±41.6) min,(128.8 ± 36.1) min,(127.3 ± 35.2) min,(124.0 ± 30.1) min in group A,B,C and D,respectively.The operation duration of 4 groups showed a declining trend.Group A has longer operation time than group B,C and D,the difference were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).In detail,the comparison of operation time between group A and group B was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,group A had significantly more median blood loss than group B,C and D,the differences were statistically significant [the 4 groups of data,respectively,group A:(17.5 ±6.5) mL,group B:(15.0±5.0) mL,group C:(14.5 ±5.5) mL,group D:(8.5 ±6.5) mL,P＜0.05].The mean capacity of blood loss was 12.7 mL.No significant difference was found in surgical complications,the rates of blood transfusion,total hospital stay,and postoperative hospital stay among the 4 groups(P ＞ 0.05).But the postoperative hospital stay decreased from 9.8 d (group A) to 7.4 d (group D).Conclusions For a well-trained surgeon in imperforate anus surgery.The learning curve of laparoscopy-assisted anorectoplasty in the treatment of high imperforate anus on about 15 cases helps to make a skillful surgeon.

Objective To explore the impact of iodine nutrition on pregnant women before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.Methods Twelve counties (areas,cities) in Hangzhou were divided into urban,suburban and rural areas before and after adjusting the iodine content of salt.One survey spot was selected in each district and one hundred pregnant women were selected;family salt and urinary samples of each pregnant woman were collected.The levels of salt and urinary iodine were measured by the methods of picric sodium thiosulfate titrimetric (GB 13025.7-2012) and spectrophotometer (WS/T 107-2006),respectively.Results One thousand two hundred and thirty-nine and one thousand two hundred and thirty-three household salt samples were collected before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.The median of salt iodine of pregnant women (23.30 mg/kg) before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt was lower than that after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (30.09 mg/kg,x2 =-4.71,P ＜ 0.01).The iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [93.92％ (1 158/1 233),93.84％ (1 157/1 233)] were higher than those before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [91.85％ (1 138/1 239),91.37％ (1 132/1 239),x2 =4.01,5.51,all P ＜ 0.05].The iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in urban and suburb areas after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [99.42％ (510/513),100.00％ (203/203),97.86％ (5021513),100.00％ (203/203)] were higher than those before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [86.71％ (450/519),98.00％ (196/200),77.26％ (401/519),85.00％ (170/200)],but the iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in rural area before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [94.62％ (492/520),86.92％ (452/520)] were higher than those after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [85.69％(443/517),76.98％ (398/517),x2=64.22,2.32,100.02,32.90,23.31,17.33,all P ＜ 0.05].One thousand two hundred and thirty-four and one thousand two hundred and thirty-one household urine samples were collected before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.The median of urinary iodine (MUI,114.80 μg/L) of pregnant women after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt was lower than that before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (168.60 μg/L,x2 =36.92,P ＜ 0.01).The MUIs of pregnant women in urban,suburban,and rural areas (171.30,170.20 and 162.40 μg/L) before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt were higher than those after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (101.00,149.48 and 119.90 μg/L,x2 =-7.78,-2.63,-6.28,all P ＜ 0.01).The differences of urinary iodine between groups were statistically significant in urban,suburban and rural areas after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (x2 =32.86,P ＜ 0.01),the MUI of pregnant women in urban areas was lower than those in the suburban and rural areas (x2 =6.70,8.13,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After adjusting the iodine content of salt in Hangzhou,the iodine-nutrition level of pregnant women is decreased.But the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt and the MUIs in urban,suburb,rural areas are different,so the coverage of iodized salt at household level needs to be enhanced and the health education should be highlighted.