Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the critical clinical syndromes in emergency situations. A cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a necessary curing means for those patients with sudden cardiac arrest. In order to simulate effectively the hemodynamic effects of human under AEI-CPR, which is active compression-decompression CPR coupled with enhanced external counter-pulsation and inspiratory impedance threshold valve, and research physiological parameters of each part of lower limbs in more detail, a CPR simulation model established by Babbs was refined. The part of lower limbs was divided into iliac, thigh and calf, which had 15 physiological parameters. Then, these 15 physiological parameters based on genetic algorithm were optimized, and ideal simulation results were obtained finally.
Algorithms ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Electric Impedance ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Leg ; Models, Cardiovascular

· Mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs ) are a population of multipotent stem cells with various neurotrophins from bone marrow which are widely used in tissue, cell repair and alternative research.Recently, some researches have shown that MSCs could enhance the viability of neurons under a pathological circumstance by secreting some neurotrophins. So the neuroprotection of MSCs can provide a new method of the treatment on retinopathy that it possible to promote cells survial and functional recovery.Here we make a brief review on the secretory function of neurotrophin and neuroprotective effects of MSCs on retinal cells and its application in the treatment of retinal disease.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with different sur英文摘要>=rival time and to analyze the factors associated with prognosis improvement.Methods Three hundred and fifty three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in our hospital from January 2000 to April 2002 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into three groups based on their survival time.One hundred and forty five patients were divided into A groups whose overall survival time were less than five years.Sixteen patients were included in B group whose overall survival time were greater than or equal to five years and less than ten years,and the other one hundred and ninety two patients were divided into C groups whose overall survival time were greater than or equal to ten years.The clinical features were compared and factors associated with survival were identified.Results The 5 and 10 years overall survival rates of the 353 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients underwent radiotherapy were 58.924％ and 54.391％ respectively.Curative effect of early nasopharyngeal carcinoma was better.Cox regression analysis identified age,N stage,combined with chemotherapy or not and complete remission rate of nasopharynx and neck lymph were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion For nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients,early detection,early treatment,rational comprehensive treatment and complete remission after treatment and complications prevention are important.

Objective To analyze the risk factors that influence prognosis of pancreatic injury.Methods The clinical data of 73 patients with pancreatic injury were analyzed retrospectively.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to analyze the clinical parameters.Results Complications occurred in 27 patients with the overall incidence rate of 36.9％.6 patients died with the mortality of 8.2％.Result of univariate analysis indicated that the volume of blood loss,systolic blood pressure,injury grade by American Association surgery of Trauma (AAST),pancreatic leakage,time on admission were significant factors that influence the incidence rate of complications (P ＜ 0.05).The results of Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that the volume of blood loss,systolic blood pressure,injury grade by AAST,time on admission were independent predictors for prognosis in pancreatic injury (OR =3.764,0.940,7.315,1.501,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It should pay attention to all the factors that influence the prognosis of pancreatic injury in clinic.Exact judgment and appropriate treatment plan are helpful to increase achievement ratio of pancreatic injury.

Procalcitonin is a biomarker to diagnose the extent and severity of systemic bacterial infection.Procalcitonin is applied in diagnosis and treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe acute pancreatitis.The article reviews application of procalcitonin in clinical surgery and guides use of anti-bacterial agents.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been developed for two decades in order to treat portal hypertension accompanying with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and refractory ascites.TIPS may cause the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).TIPS induces portalsystemic shunt and leads to hemodynamics chaos. Hepatic encephalopathy belongs to the complications of the portal hypertension. There are many possible predictors of the post-TIPS HE. The relationship between TIPS and HE was reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nateglinide,a new antidiabetic agent,in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Methods 276 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,in accordance with the table of random number method,were divided into the nateglinide group 138 cases,repaglinide group 138 cases.The nateglinide group was given 30 mg nateglinide,and repaglinide group was given 0.5 mg repaglinide,3 times a day,oral administration 15min before meal.12 weeks for one period of treatment.FBG,2h PBG,HbAlc and security index were detected before and after treatment.Results After treatment,FBG,2h PBG and HbAlc indexes in the two groups were lower than before treatment,the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).The differences were not significant compared between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).No serious adverse events occurred in two groups.Conclusion Nateglinide can effectively control fasting and postprandial blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes.It is safe and reliable and worthy clinical promotion.

Objective To evaluate the use of magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band im-aging (NBI) system in diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Methods From March 2008 to December in 2008, a total of 56 patients with suspected gastric mucosal lesions were enrolled in the study. The lesions were ob-served with magnifying endoscopy combined with NBI and indigo-earmine-chromoendoscopy, and the results were compared with pathologic diagnosis from targeted biopsies. Results Out of 56 patients, 16 were diag-nosed as early gastric cancer pathologically. The accordance rate with the pathological diagnosis, sensibility, specificity, false positive rate and false negative rate of the magnifying endoscopy combined with NBI system were 94.6% (53/56), 93. 8% (15/16), 95.0% (38/40), 5.0% (2/40) and 6. 3% (1/16), respec-tively; while those of chromoendoscopy were 91.1% (51/56), 87. 5% (14/16), 92. 5% (37/40), 7. 5% (3/40) and 12. 5% (2/16), respectively (P >0.05). There was no difference between NBI and chro-moendoscopy in regarding of observing pit pattern, however, NBI was superior in displaying intrapapillary capillary loop. Conclusion Combination of magnifying endoscopy and NBI provides clear images of gas-tric mucosa and intrapapillary capillary, which is useful in diagnosis of early gastric cancer and can improve accuracy of biopsy. When combined with chromoendoscopy, it can further improve the yield of diagnosis.

Objective To describe the anxiety status of new nurses in emergency department so as to put forward strategies for nursing management. Methods Thirty-two new nurses (working time less than 2 years) from emergency department of two class Ⅲ- A general hospitals in Xiamen were surveyed by using Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Results The average of SAS total score showed significant difference from that of the Chinese norm, but no significant difference could be seen in the score of SAS be-tween college and baccalaureate nurses.Nurses with different working length showed significant difference in SAS score. Conclusions Anxiety status of new nurses in emergency department is serious, nursing man-agers should make more efforts to conduct mental health education and improve psychological quality of new nurses in emergency department to relieve their anxiety.

Cancer stem cell niche provides a relatively stable microenvironment for cancer stem cell (CSC)existence,proliferation and differentiation.This microenvironment consists of kinds of cells,stroma and cytokines, etc. Within it , CSC can resist chemoradiotherapy. It has been shown that destruction of the microen vironment can significantly enhance the effect of chemoradiotherapy and improve prognosis of cancer patients.