OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of male reproductive tract infection (RTI) with semen parameters and sperm DNA damage.

METHODSWe classified 1 084 males attending the infertility clinic into an RTI group (n = 300) and a non-RTI control group (n = 784). According to the WHO standards, we obtained routine semen parameters, detected sperm morphology, and determined the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) by sperm chromatin structure assay.

RESULTSThere were statistically significant differences between the RTI and control groups in the semen volume ( [2.58 ± 1.20] vs [3.00 ± 2.10] ml), grade a + b sperm ([50.6 ± 17.2] vs [53.2 ± 15.8]%), grade d sperm ( [39. 8 ± 17.8] vs [36.5 ± 16.2]%), and total sperm count ([218.5 ± 185.0 ] vs [278.5 ± 375.5 ] x 10(6)/ejaculate) (all P < 0.05), but not in the males' age, sperm concentration or pH value (P > 0.05). The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was significantly lower ([3.46 ± 2.90] vs [4.61 ± 3.60%, P < 0.05) but the DFI was markedly higher in the RTI group than in the control ([19.4 ± 11.4] vs [15.2 ± 8.8]% , P < 0.01). The percentage of the cases with DFI > 30% was remarkably higher (13.0 vs 5.74% ) while that of the cases with DFI < 10% dramatically lower in the former than in the latter (16.0 vs 28.0%). The level of seminal plasma elastase was correlated negatively to sperm concentration, sperm count, and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (P < 0.05) but positively to DFI and grade d sperm (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMale reproductive tract infection not only affects semen parameters and sperm morphology but also causes serious sperm DNA damage.

DNA Fragmentation ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; physiopathology ; Male ; Reproductive Tract Infections ; physiopathology ; Semen ; chemistry ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To eludicate the risk factors of mechanical ventilation and prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with severe multiple injuries. METHODS: Consecutive patients with severe multiple injures who were treated in Peking University People's Hospital Trauma Medical Center between December 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled in this restropective chart-review study. According to mechanical ventilation and ventilatory time, the patients were divided into mechanical ventilation (MV) group and non-mechanical ventilation (NMV) groups, prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) group and shortened mechanical ventilation (SMV) groups. Clinical data such as gender, age, base excess, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and injury severity score (ISS) were collected. To indentify the risk factors of mechanical ventilation and prolonged mecha-nical ventilation, univariate and multivariate Logistic analyses were carried out. RESULTS: In the present study, 112 patients (82 male, 30 female) with severe multiple injuries having a median age of 52 (range: 16-89 years) and a median ISS of 34 (range: 16-66) were enrolled. The primary mechanism of injury was traffic accident injury and falling injury. In the study, 62 and 50 patients were assigned to MV and NMV groups, respectively. Logistic analysis showed that GCS (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.53-0.92, P=0.03), base excess (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.37-0.88, P=0.002) and multiple rib fracture (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.60-2.80, P=0.012) were independent significant risk factors for mechanical ventilation after severe multiple injuries. Within the mechanical ventilation group, 38 and 24 patients were assigned to PMV and SMVgroups, respectively. Compared with the SMV group, the PMV group had a higher ISS and higher rate of severe head trauma. The length of hospital stay of PMV group was longer than that of SMV groups. Meanwhile, the incidence of tracheotomy in PMV group was high. CONCLUSIONS GCS, base excess and rib fracture might be independent risk factors for mechanical ventilation. Higher ISS and lower GCS might prolong the ventilatory time and the length of hospital stay. Meanwhile, the incidence of tracheotomy was high in PMV group because of the longer ventilatory time and poor consciousness.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Trauma ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

China is the cradle of Chinese herb medicines,with rich plant resources. However, traditional processing methods have many disadvantages, such as high comsumption of organic solvent, long extraction time and high loss of effective constituents. For the purpose of rational use of Chinese herb medicines and accurate analysis on their constituents,the sample pre-treatment method with magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier brought new opportunities in recent years. after consulting literatures,the essay summarizes traditional extraction methods of Chinese herb medicines, characteristics of magnetic materials and their application in the analysis on Chinese herb medicines.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnetics ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEPulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in the maintenance of pulmonary surfactant function and innative immune defence. This study aimed to explore the changes of SP-A concentration in the lungs of young rats with acute lung injury.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control and lung injury groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (4 mg/kg) in the lung injury group. The same amount of normal saline was given for the control group. The two groups were subdivided into 6 groups sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hrs of injection (n=8 each). Western blot was employed to detect SP-A concentration in the lung tissues.

RESULTSSP-A concentration in the lung injury group was not different from the the control group within 12 hrs after LPS injection. SP-A concentration in the lung injury group was elevated significantly during 24-48 hrs after LPS injection, peaking at 36 hrs (6.94+/-0.80 vs 5.01+/-0.36; P< 0.01), compared with the controls. However, SP-A concentration in the lung injury group was significantly reduced 72 hrs after LPS injection compared with the controls (P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe changes of lung SP-A concentration in rats following acute lung injury were time-dependent. The transient elevation of SP-A concentration in the lungs indicated a strong compensation ability of SP-A in the host defence against acute lung injury.

Animals ; Female ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Lung ; chemistry ; Male ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEAlveolar type II (AT II) cells play a crucial role in the maintenance of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis and pulmonary immunity. The effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the ultrastructure of AT II cells after acute lung injury remain unknown. This study focused on the ultrastructural changes caused by acute lung injury and on the effects of Dex administration on these ultrastructural changes in young rats.

METHODSSeventy-two 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, acute lung injury and Dex-treated groups. Rats in the lung injury group were intraperitoneally injected with 4 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to induce acute lung injury, while the control rats were injected with the same amount of normal saline (NS). The Dex-treated group was injected first with LPS followed 1 hr later by Dex (5 mg/kg) injection. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed 24, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS or NS injection. Lung samples were obtained from the lower parts of left lungs and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscope examination.

RESULTSMicrovilli of AT II cells disappeared and the number of lamellar bodies (LBs) increased in the lung injury group 24 hrs after LPS injection. The ring-like arrangement of LBs around nuclei was present until 48 hrs after LPS injection. By 48 hrs after LPS injection, giant LBs with vacuole-like abnormalities appeared. The shape of nuclei became irregular and the border of the nuclei became blurred. By 72 hrs after LPS injection, the number of LBs was obviously reduced; nucleoli disappeared; and karyolysis occurred in some of the nuclei. In contrast, in the Dex-treated group, LBs crowded on one side of AT II cells and exocytosis appeared on the same side by 24 hrs after LPS injection. By 48 hrs, the number of LBs was reduced. The number of mitochondria increased, and some of them became swollen and enlarged. However, by 72 hrs, the number of LBs increased and the ring-like arrangement of LBs around the nucleus again appeared.

CONCLUSIONSUltrastructural changes of AT II cells following lung injury induced by LPS were time-dependent in young rats. Dex may ameliorate AT II cell injury and promote functional restoration of AT II cells in LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Animals ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the role of cerebrovascular hemodynamic indexes (CVHI) changing in stroke and to provide reference for stroke prevention and risk factor study.

METHODSFrom 2003 to 2004, participants aged 40 years and above in two communities in Fengxian district were recruited by cluster sampling. Risk factors of stroke and CVHI were investigated and checked during baseline investigation. A total of 10 565 individuals completed the survey and met the inclusion criterion. After baseline investigation, the cohort was followed up for stroke occurrence. Relative risk (RR) of CVHI and common risk factors were estimated by cohort study design.

RESULTSAge of the cohort was (56.2 ± 11.4) years. 4444 (42.1%) were males and 6121 (57.9%) were females. Total follow-up duration was 67 885.7 person-years. A total of 195 stroke cases occurred and incidence density of stroke was 287.2 per 100 000 person-years. Stroke incidence in exposure groups of hypertension, heart disease and alcohol drinking was 3.47% (108/3118), 2.96% (21/710) and 2.50% (47/1882), respectively. The incidence in corresponding non-exposure group was 1.17% (87/7448), 1.77% (174/9855) and 1.70% (148/8683) respectively. There was significant difference between 2 groups (χ(2) value was 62.72, 4.56 and 4.94, respectively, P < 0.05). Stroke incidence in CVHI score < 25, 25 - 49, 50 - 74 and ≥ 75 groups was 9.12% (59/647), 5.68% (44/775), 2.52% (39/1545) and 0.72% (53/7403)(χ(2)trend = 273.57, P < 0.05), respectively. Incidence of stroke in 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, ≥ 70 years age group was 0.22% (8/3565), 1.28% (43/3357), 2.71% (50/1848) and 5.88% (94/1600) (χ(2)trend = 181.48, P < 0.05), respectively. Multiple Cox regression analysis indicated that RR (95%CI) value of hypertension and cigarette smoking was 1.40(1.02 - 1.92) and 1.59(1.19 - 2.12), respectively when comparing with non-exposure group. RR (95%CI) value in CVHI score < 25, 25 - 49 and 50 - 74 points group were 6.15 (4.08 - 9.26), 4.55 (2.98 - 6.96) and 2.68 (1.75 - 4.09), respectively when comparing with the score ≥ 75 points group. RR (95%CI) value in age 50 - 59, 60 - 69 and ≥ 70 years group was 4.61 (2.16 - 9.82), 7.81 (3.67 - 16.60) and 13.49(6.44 - 28.24), respectively when comparing with below 40 years group.

CONCLUSIONCVHI score is the strong independent predictive factor and hypertension, cigarette smoking and age are the independent risk factors of stroke.

Aged ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; etiology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Ishige okamurai.

METHODCompounds were isolated by Pyricularia oryzae bioassay-guided fractionation method in combination with extraction and partitionation as well as multi-chromatography. Their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.

RESULTSeven compounds were obtained and identified as (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-3-O-beta-D-galacto-pyranosyl glycerol (I), (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-myristoyl-3-O-(6-sulfo-alpha-D- quinovopyranosyl) glycerol (II), (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6'-sulfo-alpha-D- quinovopyranosyl) glycerol (III) and (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-3-O-(6'-sulfo-alpha-D- quinovopyranosyl) glycerol (IV), stearic acid (V), methyl myristate(VI) and palmitic acid (VII).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I-VI were isolated from the alga for the first time while I, II and IV are new natural products. I-IV showed activity causing morphological abnormality of P. oryzae mycelia.

Antineoplastic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glycolipids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Mitosporic Fungi ; drug effects ; Molecular Structure ; Phaeophyta ; chemistry ; Stearic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of sperm DNA damage and sperm-nucleoprotein transition with acrosin activity and seminal parameters.

METHODSWe collected 535 semen samples, assessed sperm DNA damage by sperm chromatin dispersion test, and analyzed the correlation of sperm DNA damage and sperm-nucleoprotein transition with acrosin activity and seminal parameters according to the WHO criteria.

RESULTSStatistically significant differences were observed in sperm DNA damage among sperm-nucleoprotein transition, acrosin activity, sperm concentration and the percentage of grade a + b sperm (P < 0.01). Sperm DNA damage was positively correlated with age, sperm-nucleoprotein transition, sperm concentration and the percentage of grade d sperm (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with acrosin activity (P < 0.001). Stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that age, sperm concentration, the percentage of grade d sperm, sperm-nucleoprotein transition and acrosin activity were independent variables related to the DNA fragmentation index (DFI). The abnormality rates of sperm-nucleoprotein transition, acrosin activity, sperm concentration and graded a + b sperm were significantly higher in the sperm DNA damage group (DFI > or = 30%) than in the normal control (DFI < 30%) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSperm DNA damage is closely related with sperm-nucleoprotein transition, acrosin activity and seminal parameters, which may become another important independent parameter for the evaluation of sperm quality.

Acrosin ; genetics ; Adult ; Chromatin ; DNA Damage ; DNA Fragmentation ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Male ; Nucleoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of circulatory disturbance and treatment of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD).

METHODThe clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, therapy and outcome of 22 severe HFMD patients were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTAll the 22 severe HFMD patients came from the countryside. All these patients had encephalitis. Fifteen cases had myocardial injury. All had symptoms of sympathetic excitation and 17 cases had hypertension [(128 ± 16)/(81 ± 14) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa)]. Fourteen cases had exacerbation with rapid decline of blood pressure [(61 ± 12)/(33 ± 12) mm Hg]. In cardiorespiratory failure stage, 13 patients had neurogenic pulmonary edema accompanied by circulatory failure and 12 cases had a lower glasgow scores (less than 7). Myocardial injury and ECG change were found in some cases. Inotropic and pressor drugs were given in patients with circulatory collapse. Five cases received fluid resuscitation due to refractoriness to inotropic drugs. Nine patients received blood purification. Seventeen survived and 5 cases died due to circulatory failure.

CONCLUSIONCirculation failure of severe HFMD is the main cause of death. Early and appropriate circulation support is very important to reduce mortality.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; complications ; mortality ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Male ; Milrinone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Multiple Organ Failure ; etiology ; mortality ; Pulmonary Edema ; etiology ; mortality ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; etiology ; mortality ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDSirolimus-eluting stents (SES) are reported to be associated with reduced late lumen loss (LLL), resulting in less frequent restenosis when compared to bare-metal stent. The current study aimed to assess the difference in LLL between SES with biodegradable and with permanent polymer.

METHODSFrom March 2010 to June 2011, 300 consecutive patients having only biodegradable polymers or permanent polymer SES for all diseased vessels were included. Serial quantitative coronary analysis was performed on both the "in-stent" and "segment" area, including the stented segment, as well as both five mm margins proximal and distal to the stent. The primary endpoint was the LLL defined as the minimal lumen diameter (MLD) post-stenting minus the MLD at nine-month after the indexed procedure.

RESULTSLLL was comparable between the two stents. Importantly, LLL for the distal segment (median 0.05 mm, interquartile 0 to 0.09 mm) was less severe compared with in-stent (median 0.13 mm, interquartile 0.08 to 0.18 mm) and proximal segment LLL (median 0.12 mm, interquartile 0.06 to 0.14 mm, all P < 0.001). In general, the LLL was associated with the post-procedure MLD (b = 0.28, P = 0.002), hyperlipidemia (b = 0.14, P = 0.021), and calcified lesions (b = 0.58, P = 0.001). The R(2) and Radj of the multiple regression model were 0.651 and 0.625, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSSES with either biodegradable or permanent polymer had lower value of LLL. The small amount of LLL at the distal segment possibly contributed to the less distal edge stenosis.

Aged ; Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Regression Analysis ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use