[Objective] To review the treatment of metabolic syndrome from phlegm and stasis, so as to provide effective ideas for the treatment of metabol-ic syndrome.[Method] Through searching for literatures related to Chinese medicine treatment of metabolic syndrome in the last decade, we can summarize the role of phlegm and blood stasis in the metabolic syndrome and its relationship with various components of metabolic syndrome. We can also research the application of the resolving the phlegm and removing blood stasis in the metabolic syndrome. [Results] Phlegm, blood stasis consistently run through the metabolic syndrome, and have a close relationship with each component of metabolic syndrome. The prescription of resolving the phlegm and remov-ing blood stasis can not only improve the clinical symptoms, but also can improve obesity-related indicators, reduce blood glucose, increase insulin sensitiv-ity, improve endothelial function and so on. [Conclusion] Treating metabolic syndrome from phlegm and stasis is safe and effective, which can reverse dia-betes, insulin resistance and prevent cardiovascular events through multi-channel, multi-level, multi-target. It has a broad application prospect and is worth further in-depth study.

Objective To detect the PTEN gene mutation and loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on chromosome 10q in oligodendrogliomas. Methods The entire PTEN coding sequence of the 9 exons were screened by 9 different PCR reactions and followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and direct sequencing for detecte mutation.Microsatellite markers with fluorochrome on 10?q amplified by PCR were used to detecte LOH by PAGE on an automatic sequencer and analyzed with the Gene Scan program in 55 oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligodendrogliomas. Results The PTEN gene somatic mutations were detected in 2 tumors,one case that carried a PTEN mutation deletion T base in position 20 resulting stop codon moved to 347.Another case was a A to C transition at the codon 139 resulting in changeing from Leu to Phe.Twenty\|three of 55(42%) cases were observed the loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on chromosome 10?q.Fifteen of 55 cases allelic loss were detected on loci D10S 541 which located in the PTEN gene region at 10?q 23\^3 .Twelve of 55 cases were detected totaled LOH on 10?q.Conclusion\ The PTEN gene mutation is rare,loss of allelic 10?q is frequente in oligodendrogliomas,especially in high\|grade oligodendrogliomas.It could indicate that LOH on 10?q has an enhance effect in tumor progression,and chromosome 10?q harbors additional tumor suppressor genes in oligodendrogliomas.\;[

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation by fenoterol, a β2 adrenoceptor agonist in monocyte. Methods Concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and MCP-1 from cell supernatants from THP-1 cells and wild type or MyD88- / - mice peritoneal macrophages stimulated by LPS in the presence or absence of fenoterol were determined by use of an ELISA system. Expression of MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88) stimulated by LPS in the presence or absence of fenoterol were determined by Western blot. Results Fenoterol inhibited LPS-induced activation of MyD88 and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-1β). The reaction of MyD88- / - mice peritoneal macrophages to LPS was much lower than that of the wild type mice peritoneal macrophages. Conclusions MyD88 plays an important role in inflammation induced by LPS. The inhibition of LPS-induced expression of MyD88 by fenoterol is associated with its anti-inflammatory effect.

Objective By investigating precision,linearity and accuracy of 9 commonly urine albumin assay systems (8 of immuno-turbidimetric assays and 1 of immuno-nephlometric assay),and comparing the concordance of measurement results,to elucidate the quality of the existing analytical systems.Methods Referring to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP15-A2,two mixed urines with U-Alb levels of 20 mg/L and 200 mg/L were made to validate precision; Referring to CLSI EP14-A2,fourty fresh urines were selected to evaluate matrix effect of saline diluted European Reference Materials (ERM) DA 470 and saline diluted urine,also to reflect the variation of measurement results among systems; Referring to EP6-A,saline diluted urines (10 levels) were made to validate linearity; Taking the theoretical concentration of precisely saline-diluted ERM-DA 470 as the target value,accuracy of each assay system was evaluated.Maximal allowable coefficient variation (CV) of ≤ 15％ was taken as the acceptable precision for each assay system,as rccommcnded by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC)-and National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) ; maximum allowable bias of ≤25％ was taken as criteria for accuracy evaluation as used in Proficiency Test (PT) sponsored by College of American Pathologists (CAP).Results At level of micro-albuminuria(20-200 mg/L),all 9 systems total CVs were ≤ 15％ ; No matrix effect or interference were found in saline diluted ERM DA 470 and saline diluted urine.For A,B,E,F,G and I systems,validated linear regions were close to those stated in kit instruction;For C,D and H systems,the lower limits of validated linear region (18.7,3.6 and 12.0 mg/L,respectively) were higher than those stated in kits instruction (0,0.9 and 5.0 mg/L,respectively) ;For B and C systems,the lower limits of validated linear region were close to the upper limits of reference interval stated in kit instruction.When urine albumin was ≤ 12.6 mg/L,A,E,F,G and I systems showed good accuracy,absolute biases at all dilution were below 3 mg/L,D system showed higher positive bias (5.0-14.4 mg/L),B,C and H systems' biases were not evaluated because of high in-batch CV (the CV of B system≥ 18.1％,of C system ≥ 14.5％,of H system ≥ 39.1％); when U-Alb ranged in 25.2-201.0 mg/L,all 8 systems' relative biases were ≤25％,except D systems,which showed an un-acceptable positive bias (15.9％-44.3％).Good concordance among systems' results was present at level of microalbuminuria(20-200 mg/L),with CV among systems ＜ 15％ ;when urine albumin was ＜ 20 mg/L,CV among systems increased as allumin concentration decreased.The main contribution of variation came from B,C and H systems,which lower limits of linearity were relatively high.Conclusions At level of microalbuminuria(20-200 mg/L),except D system,the other 8 systems show good precision and accuracy;at low level of urine albumin(＜20 mg/L,especially ＜ 10 mg/L),precision and accuracy of some systems(B,C and H system) needs to be improved.

Urinary excretion of albumin indicates kidney damage and is recognized as a risk factor for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular disease,resulting a widespread clinical utilization of urine albumin measurement.Considerable inter-method difference has been reported for urine albumin,there are no available reference materials and no reference measurement procedures for urine albumin.This review discusses the clinical utilization of urine albumin in recent years,the principles of existing measurement systems and difference of results among systems,and the current status of work about reference materials and reference measurement procedures.

Objective To detect the expressions of CXCR4,Smoothened (Smo) and Patched (Ptch) in breast cancer,to analyze the clinical significance of the expression of CXCR4,and to evaluate the relationships among CXCR4,Smo and Ptch.Methods The expressions of CXCR4,Smo and Ptch from 121 cases of breast cancer specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the results were analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of CXCR4 in breast cancer was 66.9％,which was positively associated with the lymph node metastasis (r =0.181,P =0.044).The positive expression rates of Smo and Ptch in breast cancer were respectively 58.9％ and 64.5％.The expressions of Smo and Ptch were positively associated with the expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer (r =0.189,P =0.036 ; r =0.230,P =0.010).Conclusion The expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer is associated with the lymph node metastasis,and it is positiviely associated with the expressions of Smo and Ptch.Patients with breast cancer who express both CXCR4 and Hedgehog signaling pathway may have a higher risk of recurrence.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of 5′adenosine monophosphate-activated pro-tein kinase ( AMPK) in the regulation of LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines in mouse alveolar macrophages.Methods Alveolar macrophages were isolated from wild type and AMPKα1-/-C57BL/6J mice.ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of IL-1βand TNF-αin the culture supernatants of LPS treated alveolar macrophages with or without 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide ( AICAR ) stimulation.Western blot assay was performed to analyze the expression of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 in alveolar macrophages isolated from wild type and AMPKα1-/-mice as well as the LPS-induced changes of p-AMPKαactivity in wild type mice.Results The LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cyto-kines in alveolar macrophages isolated from AMPKα1-/-mice were significantly higher than that of wild type mice.The activities of p-AMPKαin wild type mice were suppressed by LPS treatment.Treatment of AICAR inhibited the LPS-induced secretion of TNF-αand IL-1β.Conclusion The LPS-induced secretion of in-flammatory cytokines was enhanced in AMPKα1-deficient mice, but could be suppressed upon the treatment of AICAR, an agonist of AMPK.AMPK was involved in the regulation of LPS-induced secretion of inflamma-tory cytokines by alveolar macrophages in mice.

Sperm associated antigen 9(SPAG9),a new member of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)interacting protein(JIP)family. plays a role in sperm-egg fusion and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)signaling pathway.Researches have shown that SPAG9 is closely related to the biological behavior of human malignant tumors, and plays an important role in the development of tumor.

Repeated administrations of gangliosides extracted from Cervus nippon Temminek exerted remarkable facilitation action on the acquisition, retrieval and consolidation of memory in mice. It was able to increase the incorporations of [8H] Leucine into protein and [3H] Uridine into RNA in mouse brain tissue. It was suggested that the above-mentioned actions of gangliosides may be due to the promoting action for the synthesis of protein in brain tissue.

The expression of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and hEGF receptor (hEGF-R) was examined by 125I-labeled-hEGF binding analysis in 21 cases of colonic carcinomas. No significant difference was found in the values of hEGF binding among carcinoma, paracarcino-ma regions and regions far away from carcinoma, but the values in all of them were higher than that in normal colonic tissues (P