Children with primary vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) are often complicated with urinary tract infection and voiding dysfunction.It often leads to kidney scarring,renal atrophy,hypertension,kidney dysfunction and a series performance of reflux nephropathy.In serious cases it can even progressed to end-stage renal disease.Now,with the accumulated experience of VUR treatment,the diagnosis strategy and the treatment remains certain amount of controversy.Whether the surgery or non-surgical treatment,the results are still not satisfactory,the pathogenesis of VUR is still unclear,the further study and exploration for the pathogenesis of VUR is required.

Objective To observe the effect of ejiao huangqi koufuye and iron sucrose injection in the treat-ment of postpartum anemia,to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods 100 postpartum anemia women met the inclusion were randomly divided into 50 cases of observation group and 50 cases of control group.The control group was given iron sucrose injection 200mg for 3d,the observation group was given ejiao huangqi koufuye for 30d, twice daily and 10ml once.The blood was exsanguinated for detecting RBC,Hb,HCT,SF,TIBC.The improvement of symptoms and signs were observed and the effect was assessed.Results The RBC,Hb,HCT,SF of the observation group and control group after treatment were (2.14 ±0.74)×10 12 /L and (3.32 ±1.15 )×10 12 /L,(97.85 ± 22.44)g/L and (109.72 ±18.54)g/L,(36.42 ±8.39)% and (41.10 ±7.38)%,(22.26 ±1.76)mg/L and (32.2 ±2.1)mg/L,which were significantly higher than before treatment (t =3.065 and 5.614,3.411 and 3.961, 3.317 and 5.062,6.448 and 9.332,both P <0.05 ),TIBC were (70.82 ±13.23 )μmol/L and (62.41 ± 13.37)μmol/L,which were significantly lower than before treatment(t =4.607 and 7.302 respectively,all P <0.01).After treatment,the RBC,Hb,HCT,SF of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group,the TIBC was significantly lower than the control group,the differences were statistically significant(t =3.826, 3.733,3.395,4.776,3.524,all P <0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 94%,which was sig-nificantly higher than 82% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =8.401,P <0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group was 4% (2 /50),which of the control group was 6%(3 /50),the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 =0.211,P >0.05).Conclusion The ejiao huangqi kou-fuye and iron sucrose injection has exact clinical efficacy in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia,can effectively promote bone marrow erythropoiesis,anemia symptoms,it is worthy of clinical use.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of Novoiaped 30 and NovoMix 30 Flexpen in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). Methods:A multicenter,randomized,and controlled clinical trial of Novorapid 30R and Novomix 30 Flexpen was performed in XinQiao Hospital in Chongqing China. One hundred and fifty patients with type 2 DM received Novorapid 30R therapy and sixty patients received NovoMix 30 Flexpen for 12 weeks respectively. Results:(1)At the end of 12-week treatment,significant improvements in HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) levels were shown in both groups, HbA1C decreased 1.08% and 1.01%,and FPG decreased 2.0mmol/L and 2.2mmol/L,in Novorapid 30R and NovoMix 30 Flexpen group respectively(all P0.05). (2)2hpG decreased 3.79mmol/L and 3.05mmol/L,Novorapid 30R was better than Novomix 30 Flexpen,The difference was statistically significant between two groups(P

Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia/reoxygenation on apoptosis of rat hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and the metabolic pathway changes of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes by dichloroacetate.Methods The isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from neonatal Wistar rat were cultured and purified with differential attachment,then BrdU was added to reduce the rate of non-myocytes.The cultured cells were identified by morphology,spontaneous contraction and specific immunocytochemical stain.Hypertrophic cardiomyocyte model induced by angiotensin Ⅱ was set up and assessed by -Leu incorporation.The cultured media were replaced by low glucose DMEM before hypoxia.The cardiomyocytes were incubated at 37 ℃ in an air-tight incubator containing 92% N_(2),5% CO_(2),3% O_(2) for 24 h to simulate hypoxia,then under the condition of 23% O_(2),5% CO_(2) for 4 h to simulate reoxygenation.Apoptotic cells was evaluated by a modified TUNEL assay(DeadEnd~(TM) Colorimetric TUNEL).Results The apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes increased with time prolongation of hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R).The apoptotic cell model induced by H/R in rat hypertropic cardiomyocytes was established successfully.When the hypertropic cardiomyocytes were pretreated with Dichloroacetate,the apoptotic rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner.The metabolic pathway changes had effect on the apoptosis of rat hypertrophic cardiomyocytes.Conclusion By collagense digestion,it is convenient to obtain primary neonatal Wistar rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. This method is one of vital research tools in the fields of cardiac hypertrophy.Angiotensin Ⅱ could accelerate cellular proliferation,structural protein biosynthesis and cardiac hypertrophy.Dichloroacetate has the effect of antiapoptosis.

The fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)has been applied more and more widely in disorders of respiratory system,and is considered to be one of the most promising markers of expiration in monitoring the development and outcome of respiratory inflammatory airway disease.This paper is to review the application and prospect of FeNO in bronchiolitis in children.

Objective:To explore the clinical curative effect of Gankening in treating chronic nonproductive cough based on syndrome differentiation.Method:90 cases were allocated to two groups randomly,the treatment group(60 cases) treated with Gankening based on syndrome differentiation and the control group(30 cases) treated with Zhisou Powder and Beilai.The composite effect of the two groups,the curative effects of every syndrome pattern in the treatment group before and after treatment and the relationship between the symptom index and the curative effect were observed.Result:The clinical effects of the treatment group were markedly exceeded the control group.In the treatment group,the clinical control rate was 53.33%(32 cases),markedly effective rate was 30%(18 cases),the(effective) rate was 13.33%(8 cases) and the total effective rate was 96.67%.There was distinct difference in the treatment group before and after treatment(P

Nearly half a century,an increasing number of studies have found that the puberty of human being is at early trends.Puberty is the process of physical changes involving reproductive system maturation and the acquisition of fertility,by the combination effects of nervous system,endocrine system and the environment.Pubertal timing is a relative concept and the process of pubertal development can be shown as early,timely or relatively late as compared with a reference group.This article mainly focuses on related influencing factors of pubertal timing including genetic factor,childhood obesity,growth pattern (intrauterine growth retardation,catchup growth,adiposity rebound),psychosocial stress (poor family emotional environment,father absence,international adoption),environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals with their mechanism and significance.The exploration of relevant risk factors of early puberty can provide scientific evidence for formulating relevant policies and targeted prevention.

In coloreetal cancer,there are multiple abnormally expressed microRNA (miRNA),suggesting that the miRNA may be involved in tumor development process.Recently,more and more evidence shows that miRNA are more stable in the blood,compared with mRNA,which makes circulating miRNA are helpful to become the non-invasive tumor marker for the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation in coloreetal cancer.

Objective To study the effects of ceftriaxone sodium(Cef) on the seizures and the expression of glutamate transporter (GLT-1) in kainic acid (KA) epilepsy model.Methods Firstly, a chronic spontaneous seizure mouse model was established by unilateral hippocampal injection of KA and monitored by vEEG technique to record seizures.The experimental group received intraperitoneal injection of Cef 200 mg/(kg·d) and the control group received normal saline.Seizure frequency, interictal spike waves and histological phenotypes were recorded to evaluate the function of Cef.Then we use the Western blot to detect the effect of expression for GLT-1.Results Unilateral hippocampal injection of KA 200 ng successfully established the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy model.Cef can reduce the seizures from 2.145 times/day to 1.597 times/day, decreased by 31.2% with a statistical significance(P<0.05).Cef treatment did not significantly enhance the expression of GLT-1.Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of Cef partially inhibites the seizures of KA model, but the expression of GLT-1 in hippocampus is not enhanced.It is suggested that ceftriaxone may inhibit seizures through other mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of echocardiogram in senile degenerative heart valvular disease. Methods The cardiac structure and functional changes of the 166 cases of senile degenerative heart valvular diseases were studed with HP5500(USA) and En Visor color doppler(Philips). Results Simple aortic valve calcification was found in 93 cases(56.0%); simple mitral calcification, 18 cases(10.8%);aortic valve calcification combining mitral calcification, 55 cases,(33.1%);enlarged left atrium 116 cases(69.9%);left ventricular diastolic dysfunction 142 cases(85.5%).Within 136 cases of cardiac valve dysfunction, there was aortic valvular regurgitation in 70 cases(42.2%),stenosis of aortic valve in 23 cases(13.9%),mitral regurgitation in 20 cases(12.2%),mitral stenosis in 8 cases(4.8%),aortic valvular regurgitation combining stenosis in 10 cases(6.0%),mitral regurgitation combining stenosis in 5 cases(3.0%). The highest morbidity in valvular dysfunction was aortic valvular regurgitation(42.2%),the second was aortic valve stenosis(13.9%),the lowest morbidity was mitral stenosis combining insufficiency(3.0%). Enlarged left atrium was in 116 cases(69.9%). Conclusions The senile degenerative heart valvular disease have no specific clinical manifestation. With increasing age,the proportion of complex valve calcification is increased, and the highest is the aortic insufficiency in valvular dysfunction. The proportion of enlarged left atrium is also increased.