Next generation sequencing technologies,providing high speed and throughput that contribute greatly to DNA sequencing,have many applications in clinical virology,including identification of novel or unsuspected viruses,evaluation of human viromes,investigation of viral genetic diversity and evolution,monitoring of antiviral drug resistance,and analysis of virus-host interaction.Meanwhile,due to the complexity in bioinformatics data processing and lack of quality management standards,further efforts and explorations need to be put in the application and quality management of NGS in clinical laboratory.

Objective To explore effect of small dose of diuretics combined with Dahuangzhechong pill on testosterone, Cystatin C(CysC), leptin and β2 microglobulin(β2-MG) in serum in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods 69 cases of kidney disease patients were collected and divided into two groups.Testosterone, Cystatin C, leptin and β2 microglobulin in serum were compared before and after the treatment.The control group was given hydrochlorothiazide tablets, treatment group was given Dahuangzhechong pill based on the control group.All patients were treated for 3 months. Results After treatment, levels of testosterone elevated (P <0.05), CysC, leptin and β2 microglobulin decreased (P <0.05) in the two groups compared with before treatment;Compared with the control group , level of testosterone was higher (P<0.05), levels of CysC ,leptin and β2-MG were lower (P<0.05).Conclusion Low dose diuretics combined with Dahuang Zhechong pill has good effect in treatment of chronic renal failure curative.The mechanism may be related to elevate serum testosterone levels and reduce serum CysC , leptin and β2-MG level in patients.

Objective To investigate the relevance of liver function and neurobehavior of offspring of SD rats ex-posed to sodium valproate in the second trimester. Methods 30 SD rats at 12. 5 d of pregnance were randomly di-vided into three groups: low-dose group (300 mg/kg VPA was injected into abdominal cavity), high-dose group (600 mg/kg VPA);control group (normal saline). The offspring of low-dose groupe were grouped as VPA-low-dose;the offspring of high-dose groupe were grouped as VPA-high-dose; and the offspring of control group were grouped as control group. Then, we tested the liver and neurological function of each group of offspring, respective-ly, and analyzed their relevance. Results The levels of serum total protein and albumin of the high-dose group were considerably lower than these of the low-dose group which were significantly lower than these of control group ( P<0. 01 for both total protein and albumin);the levels of ALT, AST and blood ammonia of the high dose group were drastically higher than these of the low dose group, which were dramatically higher than these of control group ( P<0. 01 ) . The duration and of stereotyped movement disorder in experimental group was markedly longer than this of the control group, while this of the high-dose group was notably longer than this of the low-dose group ( P<0. 01 );the frequency of the stereotyped movement disorder of experimental group was significantly more than this of the control group, while this of high-dose group was obviously more than this of the control group (P<0. 01). In the Morris water maze, the escape latency of the high-dose group was remarkably longer than this of low-dose group, which was observably longer than this of control group (P<0. 01);the swimming distance of the high-dose group was tremendously shorter than this of low-dose group, which was considerably shorter than this of control group ( P<0. 05 , P<0. 01 ) . Correlation analysis of liver function and neural behavior showed that the neurobe-havioral abnormalities were negatively correlated with level of total protein and albumin, and were positively related with the level of blood ammonia, ALT and AST ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion The VPA exposure in the second tri-mester leads to the decrement of serum albumin and total protein and to the increment of AIL, AST and blood am-monia;and it also causes the neurobehavioral abnormalities of offspring. The reduction of synthesis of liver albumin and the rise of ALT, AST and blood ammonia can influence the neurobehavioral abnormalities. And there were both of the factors which result in the neurobehavioral abnormalities of offspring exposured to VPA in the second trimes-ter.

A total of 587 keywords expressing the health information needs of diabetics were selected from diabetes-related 8762 questions covered in Yahoo Q and A, coded according to the cataloguing system and classification strategies of diabetes information, processed by text formatting, and clustered by multi-dimensional analysis, which showed that the most concerned health information in diabetics is the daily management, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes while rare attention is paid to its prevention.

Objective To study the current situation of diagnosis and treatment of rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy through 4-cases report. Methods We made a clinical study of 4 cases of rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy admitted to our hospital between 1995 and 2005. Results Three patients had been undergone artificial abortion before they were admitted to our hospital. All the patients were asymptomatic. Ultrasonography was made in 3 cases. Two cases were diagnosed as rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy. Three patients were cured with surgery. Conclusions Rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy is rare and with atypical clinical manifestation in the first trimester. Although diagnosis before surgery is difficult, ultrasonography and MRI make a great role. Surgery is the most important therapeutic method.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome ofautologous epidermal grafting in vitiligo and its correlated factors. Methods A 1-5 year follow-up of 310 patients with vitiligo, who had been treated by autologous epidermal grafting, was carried out by questionnaires, phone interview, and clinical revisit. The relevance was estimated between the efficacy of the treatment and several factors, including the time length from the grafting to the follow up, patients' age and gender, location of lesions treated, Koebner phe-nomenon on the donor sites, and the combination therapy with narrow band-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB). Results Of the 310 patients, 161 were males and 149 females with an average age of 26.69±11.76 years; 98 had localized vitiligo, 123 segmental vitiligo, 62 scattered vitiligo, 27 generalized vitiligo. Totally, 24 recipient areas with 1266 sheets were evaluated. Among these sheets, 815 (64.38%) achieved complete repigmenta- tion, 167 obvious repigmentation, 117 some repigmentation, 167 no repigmentation, with a curative rate of 64.38% and total effective rate of 86.81%. Hyperpigmentation occurred in the recipient area of 76 (24.52%) patients, and donor area of 34 patients (10.97%), and hypopigmentation developed in the recipient area of 66 patients (21.29%). Relapse developed in the recipient areas of 30 patients, and new lesions in 12 patients (3.871%). Koebner phenomenon was noticed in the donor sites of 25 (8.064%) patients. The efficacy of autologous epidermal grafting was stable within two years after the therapy, but reduced with the time. Increased efficacy was observed in those sites with little mobililty and large fixity. For example, the best effi- cacy was observed in the legs and arms, followed by feet and hands, chest and back, face and neck, finally by waist and abdomen (P<0.01). NB-UVB exposure could improve the repigmentation. Koebner phe- nomenon in donor sites was associated with a reduced efficacy of epidermal grafting (P<0.05). Gender and age seemed unrelated to the efficacy. Conclusions Autologous epidermal grafting has a good long-term efficacy for the treatment of vitiligo, and transplanted location may be the most important factor affecting the efficacy.

ObjectiveTo analyze the results of implementing the tutorial system for medical interns, and to put forward some suggestions. MethodsThe medical interns and the doetors selected as tutors were asked to do questionnaires to study the tutorial system's feasibility and effectiveness. Simultaneously, we adopted the Objective Structured Clinical Examination ( OSCE ) to assess its process and resuits. Results74.3％ of the students and 75.5％ of the doctors think that they need the tutorial system,73.2％of the students think that this system can train better clinical skills,67.9％ of the doetors think that they can review the knowledge learned through teaching. Implemented after one year, students' OSCE scores are improved. ConclusionTutorial system for medical interns has achieved preliminary success, and the preparatory work and related-system building need to be further improved.

Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), an endogenous neuropeptide, is widely distributed in human organs and tissues, such as brain, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. It has a variety of important physiological functions, including eating and obesity, stress, mental anxiety, drug addition, and endocrine regulation. Previous studies have suggested that CART is widely distributed in the central nervous system, and it involves in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes and has some central protective effects. It is a potential neuroprotective agent. This article reviews the recent progress in research on the neuroprotective effect of CART on stroke and neurodegenerative disease and its mechanisms, as well as its therapeutic effect in central nervous system diseases.

Objective To evaluate the effect of combination of phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy on patients with cataract and glaucoma.Methods 19 patients(23 eyes)with co-existing glaucoma and cataract were treated with triple procedure by means of scleral tunnel flap.The mean follow-up period was(15.8 ±3.5)months.Results Compared with preoperative visual acuity,16(64%)of 25 eyes had a best corrected visual acuity of ≥0.6 at the last follow-up(0.1～1.0)(P＜0.01);The mean preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)was(23.01 ±2.63)mmHg which decreased to(14.02 ±2.05)mmHg(P＜0.05 ,P ＜0.01)after treatment.Conclusion The triple procedure is effective for treating patients with co-existing cataract and glaucoma,which could enhance the visual acuity,control IOP and reduce complications.

Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of Houpo Paiqi Mixture(HPM)in treating early enteroparalysis classified as Qi-stagnation syndrome after abdominal non-gastrointestinal operation.Methods A multi-center,randomized,controlled study was carried out.The treatment group(n = 327)was treated with HPM(50 mL P.O,6 and 10 hours after operation)and the control group(n=108)with cisapride tablets(10 mg P.O,6 and 10 hours after operation).The course of treatment lasted 24 hours.Results A significant difference(P