Animals ; Dogs ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Statistics as Topic

Frailty is a pre-disabled stage and associated with increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Frailty has high preva-lence in older population. There are 2 principal emerging models of frailty, which are the phenotype model and the frailty index model. Many studies have developed tools to detect frailty, including self-report scales, such as PRISMA-7, Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Ed-monton Frail Scale (EFS) and Simple Frailty Questionnaire (FRAIL);and single assessments, such as gait speed, timed up-and-go test, grip strength, pulmonary function test. Intervention of exercise and/or nutrition are benefical for frail older adults.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the AIDS control measures among the elderly. Methods: Epidemiological data of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021 were collected through the Zhengzhou Municipal Intelligent Public Health Management System. The epidemiological characteristics including population distribution, transmission route and route of detection were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 533 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older were diagnosed in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021, accounting for 25.94% of all HIV/AIDS cases. There were 400 male cases and 133 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.01∶1, 288 cases at ages of 50 to 59 years (54.03%), 467 cases with an educational level of junior high school and below (87.62%), 391 cases with household registered residence in Zhengzhou City (73.36%), and 333 farmers (62.48%). Sexual contact was the main route of transmission (524 cases, 98.31%), and HIV/AIDS cases were predominantly detected by medical institutions (305 cases, 57.22%), followed by counseling and testing (167 cases, 31.33%). The proportion of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed by medical institutions appeared a tendency towards a decline in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021 (χ2trend=10.953, P=0.001), while the proportion of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed by counseling and testing showed a tendency towards a rise (χ2trend=5.438, P=0.020). Conclusions The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older were predominantly local male farmers in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021, with sexual contact as the main transmission route and medical institutions as the predominant route of detection. The proportion of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases appeared a tendency towards a rise.

Objective To explore the clinic effect of arthroscopic in the treatment of Haglund deformity.Methods Sixteen patients with Haglund deformity were treated with arthroscopy from June 2009 to December 2011,including 7 males and 9 females,with an average age of 28.8 years (range,17-39 years).All 16 patients were suffered ankle back pain,exacerbations of pain during active and passive plantar flexion.This group of patients was chosen arthroscopic surgery to treat Haglund deformity as conservative treatment was invalid.With the prone position for surgery,we selected two approaches next to the Achilles tendon.Use the C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy observed calcaneus orthopedic during the operation.From the posteromedial approach to the posterolateral approach to alternately use the shaver and ArthroCare to clean up the front of the inflammation of the Achilles tendon bursa,by which could form arthroscopic operations security zone.All operating equipment was on the back toward the Achilles tendon,which could maximize the protection Achilles tendon.Postoperative plaster or brace short brake was used for two weeks.16 cases of postoperative patients were followed up； the mean follow-up time was 13 months (9-18 months).According pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle (AOFAS),the clinic effects were evaluated.Results At the last follow-up,the AOFAS hindfoot score of 91.5±2.8 was significantly higher than the preoperative 71.0±3.7 (t=17.38,P=0.014),postoperative VAS score 1.3±0.6 was significantly lower than the preoperative 5.10±0.44 (t=19.20,P=0.022).Conclusion The treatment of Haglund deformity by means of arthroscopic minimally invasive,with smaller trauma,faster recovery and lower complications,is effective and safe in clinical practice.However,dues to its steep learning curve,this method requires doctors to carry out who had relatively large arthroscopic surgery experience.

BACKGROUND:Meniscus plasty and prosthesis under an arthroscopy are widely used in treating discoid meniscus or normal meniscus injury.The normal shapes of meniscus are maintained by excising medial partial tears and suturing the lateral partial tearsOBJECTIVE:Injury classification and special features of discoid meniscus and normal meniscus were observed,and corresponding trearing methods were used,to discuss the therapeutic effect of repair.METHODS:Totally 260 cases of meniscus injury in knee ioint were selected from the First Aftiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from September 2003 to June 2008.They were divided into normal meniscus injury group(n=215),and discoid lateral meniscus injury(n=45).People with complete clinical data before operation and following data,confirmed by arthroscopy were selected.Meniscus injury in 260 cases was examined by arthroscopy,and plasty,or partial excision or incomplete resection or full resection was performed according to the injury types and surgical circumstance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All subjects were followed for half a year to 2 years The knee function was evaluated by the Tenger criterion.Four tear types of Discoid meniscus were as follows:73.3% horizontal,15.5% complex,4.4% radial,and 2.2% longitudinal.Five tear types of normal meniscus were as follows:47.9% longitudinal,28.8%radial,1 1.6%horizontal,6 5% transverse and 5.1% complex.In 215 cases of normal meniscus,there were 165 knees with excellentfunction,35 with good,8 with fair and 7 with poor.The excellent and good rate was 93.0%.In 45 cases of discoid meniscus.there were 25 knees with excellent function,16 with good,3 with fair and 1 with poor.The excellent and good rate was 91.1%.Discoid meniscus is different from normal meniscus in anatomical feature and histological structure,therefore,the arthroscopic surgery for discoid meniscus is also different.The most function of meniscus should be remained and the degeneration of knee ioint should be delayed.Meniscus plasty should be performed in all discoid meniscuses except the patients with severe tear of meniscus.

Proteolytic cleavage is one of the post-translational modifications and plays important roles in many biological processes, such as apoptosis and tumor cell metastasis. The identification of the cleavage events can improve our understanding of their biological functions in these processes. Although proteomic approaches using N-terminal labeling have resulted in the discovery of many proteolytic cleavages, this strategy has its own inherent drawbacks. Labeling of protein C-termini is an alternative approach. Here, we optimized the labeling procedure in the profiling protein C-termini by enzymatic labeling (ProC-TEL) and improved the labeling efficiency for the positive isolation of protein C-terminal peptides and mass spectrometric identification. We applied this approach to a complex protein mixture from Escherichia coli and identified many C-terminal peptides and internal cleaved peptides from more than 120 proteins. From the identified cleavages, we found several previously known internal proteolytic cleavage sites and many novel ones which may play roles in regulating normal biological processes. This work provides a potential new way, complementary to the N-terminomics, for the identification of proteolytic cleavages in complex biological systems.
Cathepsin A ; chemistry ; Protein C ; chemistry ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteolysis ; Proteomics

Objective To investigate the role of ribosomal protein S7(rpS7) in the defense of Anopheles dirus against infection. Methods rpS7 was amplified from Anopheles dirus hemocytes with degenerated primers designed according to the conservative region of S7, rpS7 was then cloned using T/A cloning kit and the inserted fragment was sequenced. The difference of the transcript abundance of rpS7 from Anopheles dirus hemocyte among non-blood-fed (N), normal-blood-fed (B) and Plasmodium yoelii infected groups (I) was also analyzed by RT-PCR and gel scanning system at d1, d2, d3, d4, d7 and d11 after blood feeding. Results There is no significant difference of rpS7 signal between the three groups. Conclusion Anopheles dirus S7 can be used as an internal control to study the role of Anopheles dirus related immune factors in Plasmodium infection.

Objective To summarize the experience of laparoscopic operation in the treatment of ovarian cysts. Methods Clinical data of 386 patients with ovarian cysts treated laparoscopically from July 1999 to December 2004 in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results Laparoscopic operation was successfully performed in 384 cases, while a conversion to open surgery was required in 2 cases because of previous operation history or pelvic adhesions. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 20.6 ml (range, 10~60 ml) and the mean operating time, 55 min (range, 20~140 min).The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3 days(range,2~5 days).In a follow-up for 1~60 months (mean, 24 months) in 194 cases, pelvioscopy and B-ultrasonography examinations revealed normal findings. Conclusions Laparoscopic operation for ovarian cysts is an effective and safe method. It is characterized with minimal invasion, quick recovery and short hospitalization.

Objective To evaluate the effects on mechanical ventilation in ICU patients with dexmedetomidine merely and combined with dezocine, fentanyl, respectively.Methods Fifty-seven patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU were collected during Jun till Dec in 2016, 35 males and 22 females, aged 18-75 years, and classified into three groups with random number table method, among whom there were 17 patients treated with dexmedetomidine, 20 patients treated with dexmedetomidine combined with dezocine and 20 with dexmedetomidine plus fentanyl, the general condition, pain score, MAP and HR were compared before and after the treatment, ideal treatment time and mechanical ventilation time were also compared among the different groups.Results There were no statistical differences in the general condition, CPOT score, MAP and HR at different points and mechanical ventilation time.Whereas, the time of ideal sedation and analgesia was significantly faster in group C than that of groups A and B (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with dezocine can reach the ideal analgesic effect more rapidly than dexmedetomidine solely or combined with fentanyl.