Animals ; Dogs ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Statistics as Topic

Frailty is a pre-disabled stage and associated with increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Frailty has high preva-lence in older population. There are 2 principal emerging models of frailty, which are the phenotype model and the frailty index model. Many studies have developed tools to detect frailty, including self-report scales, such as PRISMA-7, Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Ed-monton Frail Scale (EFS) and Simple Frailty Questionnaire (FRAIL);and single assessments, such as gait speed, timed up-and-go test, grip strength, pulmonary function test. Intervention of exercise and/or nutrition are benefical for frail older adults.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the AIDS control measures among the elderly. Methods: Epidemiological data of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021 were collected through the Zhengzhou Municipal Intelligent Public Health Management System. The epidemiological characteristics including population distribution, transmission route and route of detection were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 533 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older were diagnosed in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021, accounting for 25.94% of all HIV/AIDS cases. There were 400 male cases and 133 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.01∶1, 288 cases at ages of 50 to 59 years (54.03%), 467 cases with an educational level of junior high school and below (87.62%), 391 cases with household registered residence in Zhengzhou City (73.36%), and 333 farmers (62.48%). Sexual contact was the main route of transmission (524 cases, 98.31%), and HIV/AIDS cases were predominantly detected by medical institutions (305 cases, 57.22%), followed by counseling and testing (167 cases, 31.33%). The proportion of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed by medical institutions appeared a tendency towards a decline in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021 (χ2trend=10.953, P=0.001), while the proportion of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed by counseling and testing showed a tendency towards a rise (χ2trend=5.438, P=0.020). Conclusions The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older were predominantly local male farmers in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2021, with sexual contact as the main transmission route and medical institutions as the predominant route of detection. The proportion of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases appeared a tendency towards a rise.

BACKGROUND:Meniscus plasty and prosthesis under an arthroscopy are widely used in treating discoid meniscus or normal meniscus injury.The normal shapes of meniscus are maintained by excising medial partial tears and suturing the lateral partial tearsOBJECTIVE:Injury classification and special features of discoid meniscus and normal meniscus were observed,and corresponding trearing methods were used,to discuss the therapeutic effect of repair.METHODS:Totally 260 cases of meniscus injury in knee ioint were selected from the First Aftiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from September 2003 to June 2008.They were divided into normal meniscus injury group(n=215),and discoid lateral meniscus injury(n=45).People with complete clinical data before operation and following data,confirmed by arthroscopy were selected.Meniscus injury in 260 cases was examined by arthroscopy,and plasty,or partial excision or incomplete resection or full resection was performed according to the injury types and surgical circumstance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All subjects were followed for half a year to 2 years The knee function was evaluated by the Tenger criterion.Four tear types of Discoid meniscus were as follows:73.3% horizontal,15.5% complex,4.4% radial,and 2.2% longitudinal.Five tear types of normal meniscus were as follows:47.9% longitudinal,28.8%radial,1 1.6%horizontal,6 5% transverse and 5.1% complex.In 215 cases of normal meniscus,there were 165 knees with excellentfunction,35 with good,8 with fair and 7 with poor.The excellent and good rate was 93.0%.In 45 cases of discoid meniscus.there were 25 knees with excellent function,16 with good,3 with fair and 1 with poor.The excellent and good rate was 91.1%.Discoid meniscus is different from normal meniscus in anatomical feature and histological structure,therefore,the arthroscopic surgery for discoid meniscus is also different.The most function of meniscus should be remained and the degeneration of knee ioint should be delayed.Meniscus plasty should be performed in all discoid meniscuses except the patients with severe tear of meniscus.

Objective To explore the clinic effect of arthroscopic in the treatment of Haglund deformity.Methods Sixteen patients with Haglund deformity were treated with arthroscopy from June 2009 to December 2011,including 7 males and 9 females,with an average age of 28.8 years (range,17-39 years).All 16 patients were suffered ankle back pain,exacerbations of pain during active and passive plantar flexion.This group of patients was chosen arthroscopic surgery to treat Haglund deformity as conservative treatment was invalid.With the prone position for surgery,we selected two approaches next to the Achilles tendon.Use the C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy observed calcaneus orthopedic during the operation.From the posteromedial approach to the posterolateral approach to alternately use the shaver and ArthroCare to clean up the front of the inflammation of the Achilles tendon bursa,by which could form arthroscopic operations security zone.All operating equipment was on the back toward the Achilles tendon,which could maximize the protection Achilles tendon.Postoperative plaster or brace short brake was used for two weeks.16 cases of postoperative patients were followed up； the mean follow-up time was 13 months (9-18 months).According pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle (AOFAS),the clinic effects were evaluated.Results At the last follow-up,the AOFAS hindfoot score of 91.5±2.8 was significantly higher than the preoperative 71.0±3.7 (t=17.38,P=0.014),postoperative VAS score 1.3±0.6 was significantly lower than the preoperative 5.10±0.44 (t=19.20,P=0.022).Conclusion The treatment of Haglund deformity by means of arthroscopic minimally invasive,with smaller trauma,faster recovery and lower complications,is effective and safe in clinical practice.However,dues to its steep learning curve,this method requires doctors to carry out who had relatively large arthroscopic surgery experience.

Adult ; Farmer's Lung ; Female ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the clinical application and adverse events of vinpocetine injection. Methods:The application of vinpocetine injection in the patients in neurology department during December 2013 and December 2014 in a hospital was statistically analyzed. The adverse reactions of the injection reported in the professional literatures and relevant documents were also retrieved and statistically analyzed. Results:The infusion concentration of vinpocetine injection for 363 patients was more than 0. 06 mg·ml -1 ,and 3 cases of adverse reactions appeared with the main symptoms of rash and drug fever. Among 28 published literatures,19 articles were with the infusion concentration of vinpocetine injection above 0. 06 mg·ml-1 and 8 articles reported adverse reactions in varying degrees. Conclusion:Clinicians should pay attention to the instructions in the clinical course of medication in order to improve the safe and rational use of drugs.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of two methods for rat overactive bladder(OAB)model construction in?duced by intraperitoneal injection and intravesical instillation cyclophosphamide. Methods A total of 30 female SD rats weighting 200?250 g were randomly categorized into three groups:intraperitoneal injection?induced OAB(Ip?OAB),intravesical instillation?induced group(Iv?OAB)and con?trol group. Ip?OAB rats was i.p. administrated cycbophosphe mide three times in dose of 75 mg/kg body weight,while Iv?OAB rats received intravesi?cal instillation three times in drug dose of 75 mg/kg body weight. Control group rats received no treatment. Maximum bladder capacity(MBC),maxi?mum voiding pressure(MVP),frequency of spontaneous contraction of each group were recorded. The incidence,the mortality and the pathology of the three groups were compared. Results MBC,MVP and frequency of spontaneous contraction between Ip?OAB group and Iv?OAB group had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Compared with the control group,MBC significantly increased(P<0.05),MVP significantly decreased (P<0.05),and frequency of spontaneous contraction significantly increased(P<0.05)in Ip?OAB and Iv?OAB rats. The modeling success rate and mortality were 100%and 80%in Ip?OAB group,and were 50%and 0%in Iv?OAB group,and pathological changes were found in the two groups. Conclusion The construction of experimental animal model of OAB in rat induced by intraperitoneal injection and intravesical instillation cyclo?phosphamide are both reliable methods. Ip?OAB rats exhibit high incidence and mortality rate,while Iv?OAB rats show low incidence and mortality rate.

[Summary] Limb numbness is a common symptom of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),which is similar to lumbar vertebra disease and spinal cord tumor compression syndrome. Diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with lumbar spondylosis and spinal cord tumor compression is rarely occurred and is difficult to distinguish from DPN . Here we reported a case of DM combined with spinal neurilemoma that was misdiagnosed as DPN for half a year.

Objective: To survey and analyze risk factors for coronary artery stenosis in young and middle-aged people to provide thinking for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Methods: The risk factors of 167 patients with coronary artery stenosis proved by coronary angiography from Mar 2011 to Jun 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Logistic multiple regression analysis indicated that risk factors of coronary artery stenosis in turn were hypertension（1.784），hyperlipidemia（1.708），smoking（1.095）, waist-hip ratio（0.877）, family history of diabetes mellitus（0.781）, high homocysteine（0.608）, serum matrix metalloproteinase-9（0.579）,obesity（0.458）, lack of exercise（0.427）, P<0.01 all according to β value,. Conclusion: Early prevention focusing on relative risk factors may play a vital role for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged people.