DNA, as the material basis of all living cells, triggers innate immune responses through TLR9 and other cytosolic recognition receptors. In recent years, the research progress of TLR9 is mainly manifested by the following four aspects: (1) the determinants of TLR9 interacting with its ligands; (2) the mechanisms and the importance of TLR9 translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosome; (3) the roles of the endosomal acidification and maturation, and subsequent TLR9 cleavage in TLR9 signal transduction pathway; and (4) the possible mechanisms by which the organism distinguish self DNA from microbial DNA. Meanwhile, a series of experiments on TLR9 antagonists and TLR9 deficient mice confirmed the presence of TLR9-independent cytosolic DNA sensors. So far, three TLR9-independent DNA sensors have been found, and they are DAI, AIM2, and RNA polymerase Ⅲ.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative nutritional risk of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Totally, the nutritional risk of 144 colorectal cancer patients who were newly admitted to our hospital and were radiotherapy-naive or chemotherapy-naive were evaluated using Nutritonal Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002 ) before operation and two weeks after operation. Meanwhile, hemoglobin, serum levels of albumin and prealbumin, total lymphocyte count were measured and the postoperative complications were observed. Results The incidence of preoperative nutritional risk was 22. 91% (33/144). The predicted incidence of postoperative nutritional risk was 43. 06% (62/144), while the actual incidence was 54. 86% (79/144) (x2 =4. 016, P < 0.05). About 10. 13% of patients whose preoperative nutritional risk score≥3 experienced complications, while only 1. 54% of patients whose preoperative nutritional risk score < 3 had complications (x2 = 3. 065, P < 0.05). Conclusions The perioperative (especially postoperative) nutrition risk is high in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients with higher nutrition risk tend to experience postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO)in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Methods Ninety patients with cirrhosis and 20 healthy volunteers were studied. All of them were assessed with glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) to detect SIBO. And number connection test (NCT-A, NCT-BC) and digit symbol test (DST) were used to diagnose MHE. Results One case (5.0%) out of 20 healthy volunteers was SIBO and none was MHE,and 28 cases (31.1%) out of 90 cirrhosis patients were SIBO and 38 cases (42.2%) were MHE. Twenty-one (55.3%,21/38) cases were diagnosed as SIBO among these patients with MHE,and 7 cases (13.5%,7/52)were diagnosed as SIBO among these patients without MHE. There was significant difference between cirrhosis with MHE and cirrhosis without MHE (x2 = 17.90,P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Patients with cirrhosis have a higher prevalence of SIBO. The incidence rate of SIBO in cirrhosis patients with MHE is more than that without MHE.

Accumulation and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes are pivotal factors in accelerating cell apoptosis and death in ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury, however, adhesion molecules play an important role in its rolling，latching and infiltrating. The goal of the review is to explore the effect and significance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in ischemia/reperfusion.

The incidence of progressive stroke is higher in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and its prognosis is poor.There are more studies about its predictors.The early neuroimaging fmdings,such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showed infarct location and size,types of stroke,hemorrhagic transformation,macrovascular diseases,perfusion-weighted inaging (PWI) /DWI mismatch and clinical DWI mismatch have certain predictive valucs for the occurrence of progressive stroke.

Microinjoction of thy-rotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) into par-avemricular nucleus (PVN ) obiviously increased gastric motility: frequency of gastric motility change from 3~1 times ? min-1 to 6 ~ 8 times ? min-1. intergastric pressure (IGP) rose from 0. 49 ? 0. 01kPa to 1. 9 1 ? 0. 5kPa. (P

Oncosis is a special kind of non-apoptotic cell death mode. It is characterized by cellular swelling, organelle swelling, blebbingand increased membrane permeability. More and more attentions pay to the research of this field in recent years. The review discuss the recent advances of oncosis on pathological change, molecular mechanisms and detection approaches.

Nitric oxide (NO) played an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. It selectively dilates the pulmonary vasculare, combats pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxemia, improves oxygen. At the same time, it could relaxe bronchial smooth muscle, kill pathogens and have anti-inflammatory effect,etc. Inhaled nitric oxide has important significance in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Objective To observe the THP for locally advanced breast cancer in recent efficacy and toxicity. Methods 32 patients with locally advanced breast cancer received chemotherapy: THP 50mg/m~2 , intravenous injection; day 1: CTX600mg/m 5 - FU500mg/m~2, ivgtt on day 1 and day 8,for a period of 21 days. Results 73% had efficiency,with small heart poisonous side effects. Conclusion New adjuvant chemotherapy with THP - containing regimen for the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer has a higher efficacy, and adverse reactions can be tolerated.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the C 2 “hypertrophic sign” in the axis fracture.Methods 37 cases with C 2 fracture confirmed by radiography,CT and operation partly retrospectively analysed,there were 29 men and 8 woman.After trauma all cases were examined by X-ray and 11 cases by CT scan.27 cases underwent operation.Results The incidence rate of the C 2 “hypertrophic sign” was 53.13%.This sign characterized by the distance increased between the anterior and posterior of the axis on the lateral conventional radiography compared with that of C 3 vertebrae.The maximal increasing distance was 11 mm and minimal one was 2.3 mm with average 4.3 mm.Fracture line and swollen soft tissue in front of the vertebra were showed in some cases.Conclusion The C 2 “hypertrophic sign” is main radiographic sign of C2 fracture.