Retinal neural degeneration diseases is one of the main causes of vision loss , TNF-αas an inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic biological activity , after binding to its receptor by a variety of signaling pathways , may have play critical role in pathogenesis of retinal neural degeneration diseases including glaucoma , ischemic retinop-athy, age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa .

In order to study the curative effects of L arginine (L Arg) on high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE),we had treated 10 patients with HAPE by intravenous L Arg at 3700m, and the result was compared with 11 patients who inhaled low concentration nitric oxide (NO) and 24 subjects with routine treatment.The findings were as follows:compared with the routine group, inhaling NO or intravenous L Arg could hasten the disappearance of moist rales and X ray shadow, and shorten the illness time( P 0.05). It suggested that intravenous L Arg is a handy way to treat HAPE, and there is no toxicity. It is worthy of further trial.

To study the effect of oxygen enrichment of room air on the change of hemorheology of soldiers after high altitude hypoxia and exhaustion exercise at 3700 altitude, the oxygen concentration was increased to 24 0%～25 0% in the rooms at 3700m altitude, the change of hemorheology in 10 soldiers after they had 12h rest and sleep in the oxygen enrichment room was examined in no oxygen enrichment resting state and in oxygen enrichment state as well as after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room and in oxygen enrichment room.Hematocrit (HCT), blood viscosity (?b), reduction viscosity (?r) and viscometric aggregation index (VAI) were higher after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room as compared with those in no oxygen enrichment resting state, the difference was very significant or signifant ( P 0 05),?b, Plasma viscosity (?p), ?r were decreased after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room ( P

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the trend of costs of various drugs consumed in hospitals of Guangzhou METHODS： The data were derived from the Hospital Purchasing of Drug Information System in Guangzhou from 1997 to 2000 The expense of each drug was calculated at the price of that year RESULTS： The annual increasing rates of drug expenses in 1998， 1999 and 2000 were 17 01％ ， 24 49％ ， 23 11％ respectively CONCLUSION： It is a matter of great urgency to rationally use drugs， to eliminate the waste of resources and to lighten the patients'burden

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalance and resistance characteristics of clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae.METHODS Clinical isolates of E.cloacae were studied by K-B methods,and the data of MIC were(analyzed ) by WHONET 5.3 software.RESULTS Totally 416 clinical isolates of E.cloacae isolated from 2000 to 2004 were studied and they were mainly isolated from department of respiration,surgical ICU and department of(neurology) and their rate was 25.2%,9.6%,and 8.6%,respectively.The E.cloacae strain was(resistant) to ciprofloxacin,amikacin and most of penicillins,cephalosporins and ?-lactams combined with the(?-lactamase) inhibitors.It was susceptible to cefepime,imipenem and etrapenem.CONCLUSIONS The E.cloacae is resistant to many commonly used antibiotics in clinics and it is important to control antibiotic(resistance) by using antibiotics reasonably.

Objective To make a systematical review of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal ligation versus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding. Methods We electronically searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2016), CNKI, WanFang Data and from Jan., 1980, to Mar., 2015, collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about EVL versus EVS for the patients of esophageal variceal bleeding. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 24 studies including 2020 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, there were no signiifcant differences in the variceal eradication rate (RR=1.04, 95%CI 0.99 to 1.09, P=0.090) between the EVL group and the EVS group; Compared with the EVS group, the EVL group could significantly reduce the rate of variceal rebleeding (RR=0.69, 95%CI 0.59 to 0.81, P=0.000), the rate of mortality (RR=0.76, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.90, P=0.002) and the rate of complication (RR=0.41, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.63, P=0.000), but the rate of variceal recurrent rate of EVS group was lower than that of the EVL group (RR=1.67, 95%CI 1.40 to 2.01,P=0.000). Conclusion Current evidence shows that, the variceal eradication rate between EVL and EVS is similar, but the EVL has less incidence of variceal rebleeding and mortality and complication.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the trend of costs of various drugs consumed in hospitals of Guangzhou METHODS:The data were derived from the Hospital Purchasing of Drug Information System in Guangzhou from 1997 to 2000 The expense of each drug was calculated at the price of that year RESULTS:The annual increasing rates of drug expenses in 1998,1999 and 2000 were 17 01%,24 49%,23 11% respectively CONCLUSION:It is a matter of great urgency to rationally use drugs,to eliminate the waste of resources and to lighten the patients'burden

Objective To estimate the clinical efficacy of naloxone and trimetazidine in the treatment of severe viral myocarditis.Methods40 patients with severe viral myocarditis were randomly divided into two groups: control group(20cases) and treatment group(20 cases).All patients in control group and treatment group received conventional therapy.In adition,the patients in treatment group received naloxone and trimetazidine treatment.After 14 days,the changes of clinical symptoms were observed.In addition,serum creatinine kinase(CK)-MB and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) levels were measured.ResultsAlthough the symptoms,CK-MB and cTnI were significantly improved in two groups,but significant difference was still found between control group and treatment group(P

Objective To strengthen the capability of emergent supply in field medical point.Methods The common application program was designed by using PowerBuilder.The database program was Oracle.Results The assistant conduction and management of information were realized including the information of staff,war materials,equipment,wounded soldiers in the field medicine.Conclusion Information management system in field hospital can rapidly and accurately provide all kinds of information for users.It can be extensively applied in all levels of field hospitals.

Objective To compare of clinical and pathological features between gastric polyps and colorectal polyps.Methods The clinical characteristics and pathological features of 2 125 patients with gastric polyps and 4 924 patients with colorectal polyps admitted in Wenzhou People's Hospital from 2004 to 2013 were compared.The detection rates,the indication of endoscopy,distribution,number,size and pathological type of gastric polyps and colorectal polyps were analyzed.Results The detection rate of gastric polyps was 3.1％ (2 125/69 575) and that of colorectal polyps was 24.5％ (4 924/20 124) (χ2 =9 886.401,P ＜0.01).The detection rates of gastric polyps in age groups ＜ 20,20-39,40-59 and ≥60 were 1.8％ (23/1 302),1.8％ (399/22 600),3.4％ (1 137/33 087) and 4.5％ (566/12 586),respectively (χ2 =238.867,P ＜ 0.01);and those for colorectal polyps were 6.6％ (14/211),11.6％ (623/5 385),26.0％ (2 622/10 070) and 37.3％ (1 665/4 458),respectively (χ2 =934.724,P ＜ 0.01).The detection rates of gastric polyps in age groups 20-39,40-59 and ≥60 were lower than those in colorectal polyps(all P ＜ 0.01).The detection rate of gastric polyps in males was lower than that in females(2.3％,848/36 447 vs.3.9％,1 277/33 128,χ2 =273.807,P ＜0.01),while the detection rate of colorectal polyps in males was higher than that in females (28.8％,3 239/11 230 vs.18.9％,1 685/8 894,χ2 =262.518,P ＜ 0.01).Diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with colorectal polyps was more common than those in patients with gastric polyps (23.5％,1 156/4 924 vs.2.5％,54/2 125,χ2 =558.080,P＜0.01;12.1％,597/4 924 vs.2.4％,51/2 125,χ2 =168.150,P ＜0.01).Single polyps were more common in gastric polyps than colorectal polyps(80.7％,1 714/2 125 vs.67.6％,3 331/ 4 924,χ2 =186.337,P ＜0.01).Polyps with size ≥ 1.0 cm were more common in colorectal polyps than those in gastric polyps (24.3％,1 197/4 924 vs.13.6％,289/2 125,χ2 =102.333,P ＜ 0.01).The proportion of inflammatory and hyperplastic types in gastric polyps was higher than that in colorectal polyps (67.1％,1 378/2 125 vs.27.5％,1 273/4 924,χ2 =934.394,P ＜0.01;26.9％,552/2 125 vs.9.9％,459/4 924,χ2 =319.588,P ＜0.01);while the proportion of adenoma and canceration in gastric polyps was lower than that in colorectal polyps (1.7％,34/2 125 vs.62.4％,2 893/4 924,χ2 =2 135.743,P ＜0.01;0.4％,9/2 125 vs.4.8％,221/4924,χ2 =80.362,P＜0.01).Conclusions In comparison with gastric polyps,the detection rate of colorectal polyps is higher.The detection rate of gastric polyps is higher in females,w hile that of colorectal polyps is higher in males.The detection rates of gastric polyps andcolorectal polyps increase with the age.The main pathological type of gastric polyps is inflammatory,while that of colorectal polyps is adenoma.The canceration of colorectal polyps is more common than that of gastric polyps.