Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal (IT) dexmedetomidine on analgesia and neurotoxicity produced by ropivacaine spinal block .Methods Male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg. IT catheter was placed according to the technique described by Yaksh and Rudy. The tip of the IT catheter was positioned at lumbar region. Thirty-six SD rats in which IT catheter was successfully placed without complication were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n = 6 each): group Ⅰ received normal saline IT (group C); group Ⅱ received 0.5% ropivacaine 20 μl IT (group R); group Ⅲ received dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg IT (group D ); group Ⅳ, Ⅴ , Ⅵ received 0.5% ropivacaine 20 μl + dexmedetomidine 1, 2 and 3 μg/kg IT respectively (group DR1, DR2, DR3). Tail-flick test, paw withdrawal threshold to yon frey stimuli and incline plate test were performed at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after IT drug administration. Two weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for microscopic examination. Results The duration of spinal block was significantly longer and the effect stronger in group DR1, DR2 and DR3 than in group R. Electron microscope showed that the injury to the myelin sheath of axon was the most severe in group DR3. Little or no damage to the axon was found in the other 5 groups (pathological score = 0). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine IT can enhance spinal block produced by 0.5 % ropivacaine, and there is celling effect.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate different dosages and effects of dexmedetomidine for prevention of postanesthetic shivering. Methods One-hundred twenty patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated in four groups: before the operation, slowly injected 0.9% normal saline (group S, dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg (group D0.5), dexmedetomidine 0.75 μg/kg (group D0.75), dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg(group D1.0). HR and rectal temperature[C2] were continually monitered during and after operation, time to extubation was measured. Grades of shivering were recorded. Pain evaluation was assessed by a visual analogue scale, sedation was evaluated by Modified Observer′s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale. Results The patients in group S showed a significantly higher HR and postoperative incidence of shivering than those in group D0.75 and group D1.0, (P < 0.05). but the extubation time in groupd D0.75 and group D1.0 were longer than patients in group S (P<0.05). Conclusion Slowly injected dexmedetomidine 0.75 μg/kg or 1.0 μg/kg can prevent postanesthetic shivering in laparoscopic surgery effectively.

Objective To explore the impact of different hemoglobin on postoperative cognitive functions in female patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. Methods 215 female patients who were underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy or laparoscopic myomectomy from January 2016 to December 2016 in our hospital were selected. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their hemoglobin:Group N with normal hemoglobin ,Group A with hemoglobin concentration of 9 ~ 11 g/L ,and Group B with hemoglobin concentration of 6 ~ 9 g/L. Same anesthesia and recovery plan were performed in all patients. Basic and operative information were recorded. The score of MoCA on the day before surgry ,the day after surgry ,3 days after surgry and 30 days after surgry were recorded. Blood samples were collected on the day before surgry and the day after surgry for the determina-tion of serum S-100β protein and IL-6 concentrations. Results No significant difference was found in basic and operative information among three groups. The recovery time was much longer in Group B than that in Group N. No difference were found among three group in the score of MoCA on the day before surgry and 30 days after surgry ,while the score in the day after surgry and 3 days after surgry were lower in Group B com-pared with Group N. The incidence of POCD were higher in Group B compared with Group N. Compared with the day before surgry ,the concentration of serum S-100β protein and IL-6 were much higher. And compared with Group N ,the concentration of serum S-100β protein was higher in Group A and B in the day after surgry , while IL-6 was higher in Group B. The concentration of serum S-100βprotein and IL-6 were much higher in Group B compared with Group A in the day after surgry. Conclusion Female patients with hemoglobin concen-tration of 6 ~ 9 g/L are susceptible to POCD ,which might be contributed by operative central nerve system damage induced by excessive inflammation.

Objective To develop an easy-to-use nomogram to assist clinicians in predicting major postoperative morbidity in those non-small-cell lung canccr patients who underwent VATS lobectomy.Methods A perspective multi-center study was developed to analyze the major postoperative complications of 612 non-small-cell lung cancer patients who underwent VATS lobectomy.Muhivariable logistic regression was used to model postoperative morbidity and built the nomogram to accurately predict the major complications.Results There were 606 (99％) survivors and 6 (1％) mortality.A total of 32 patients suffered from major complications.Using logistic regression to predict major complications,preoperative model for ASA score,age ≥70 years and operation time ＞ 150 nin were found to be the significant predictors(P ＜ 0.05) of morbidity and were included in our model.Conclusion We propose a nomogram to enable clinicians to better estimate morbidity in patients with VATS lobectomy.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of multi-stent overlapping assisted coil embolization for ruptured intracranial blood blister-like aneurysms (BBA).Methods:Patients with intracranial BBA admitted to the Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University and treated with multi-stent overlapping assisted coil embolization from January 2013 to January 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. The embolization rate immediately after procedure, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge, aneurysm embolization rate, recurrence rate and mRS scores at 3 months after procedure were collected.Results:A total of 38 patients with BBA were enrolled, including 21 females (55.3%) and 17 males (44.7%); their age was 54±9.3 years (range, 29-71 years); the maximum diameter of aneurysm was 5.1±1.0 mm, and the diameter of aneurysm neck was 4.9±0.7 mm. Raymond grading showed that the complete embolization rate immediate after procedure was 71.1%, the residual rate of aneurysmal neck was 18.4%, and the residual rate of aneurysmal body was 10.5%. During the perioperative period, 2 patients had stent thrombosis and 2 had intraoperative aneurysm hemorrhage. Imaging follow-up at 3 months after procedure showed that the aneurysms of 31 cases (83.8%) disappeared completely, 4 (10.8%) improved, and 2 (5.4%) recanalized. The good clinical outcome rate (mRS score ≤ 2) was 81.1%, 1 patient (2.6%) died, and no postoperative rebleeding occurred.Conclusion:Multi-stent overlapping assisted coil embolization is a safe and effective surgical method for the treatment of ruptured intracranial BBA.

Objective:To investigate the pathological characteristics and the clinical significance of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (termed by WHO as coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19).Methods:Minimally invasive autopsies from lung, heart, kidney, spleen, bone marrow, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, thyroid and skin were performed on three patients died of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Chongqing, China. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), transmission electron microcopy, and histochemical staining were performed to investigate the pathological changes of indicated organs or tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells as well as the expression of 2019-nCoV proteins. Real time PCR was carried out to detect the RNA of 2019-nCoV.Results:Various damages were observed in the alveolar structure, with minor serous exudation and fibrin exudation. Hyaline membrane formation was observed in some alveoli. The infiltrated immune cells in alveoli were majorly macrophages and monocytes. Moderate multinucleated giant cells, minimal lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils were also observed. Most of infiltrated lymphocytes were CD4-positive T cells. Significant proliferation of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelia and focal desquamation of alveolar epithelia were also indicated. The blood vessels of alveolar septum were congested, edematous and widened, with modest infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes. Hyaline thrombi were found in a minority of microvessels. Focal hemorrhage in lung tissue, organization of exudates in some alveolar cavities, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis were observed. Part of the bronchial epithelia were exfoliated. Coronavirus particles in bronchial mucosal epithelia and type Ⅱ alveolar epithelia were observed under electron microscope. Immunohistochemical staining showed that part of the alveolar epithelia and macrophages were positive for 2019-nCoV antigen. Real time PCR analyses identified positive signals for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. Decreased numbers of lymphocyte, cell degeneration and necrosis were observed in spleen. Furthermore, degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells, formation of hyaline thrombus in small vessels, and pathological changes of chronic diseases were observed in other organs and tissues, while no evidence of coronavirus infection was observed in these organs.Conclusions:The lungs from novel coronavirus pneumonia patients manifest significant pathological lesions, including the alveolar exudative inflammation and interstitial inflammation, alveolar epithelium proliferation and hyaline membrane formation. While the 2019-nCoV is mainly distributed in lung, the infection also involves in the damages of heart, vessels, liver, kidney and other organs. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism underlying pathological changes of this disease.