In the present study, it has been found that garlic extract has the ability of blocking the formation of DMN, DEN and DBN in vitro under the conditions simulating those of gastric juice. There are very good dose-response relationships between the dosage of garlic extract and the blocking effect on the formation of DEN and DBN.The concentration of nitrite can be lowered with garlic extract. The dosage of garlic extract and the remains of nitrite show highly significant negative correlations. This may be partial mechanism of blocking effect of garlic extract on the formation of nitrosamines.

It is well known that some moulds can mediate the formation o NO-com-pounds (NOC), but there have been few means to block its action. In this paper, we introduce garlic extract that can block moulds-mediated nitrosa-tion.Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus versicolor were inoculated in Cza-pek's liquid medium with nitrite and diethylamine ordibutylamine added (test group). The concentrations of NDEA and NDBA were higher in the test group than those in the control group (moulds not inoculated), (P

potato. The rates for removing nitrite also showed the same order.A new compound formed from the reaction of allyl mercaptan with sodium nitrite had characteristic absorption peaks of -NO group at 1508 CM-1 and 650 CM-1 of infrared spectrum. With UV-ray irradiating this new compound, the NO7 radical was regenerated. UV/Vis spectrum scanning also showed the specific absorption of R-SNO compounds. Based on the facts mentioned above and the rules by which -SH compounds react with nitrite to form R-SNO compounds, the molecular structure of this new compound can be described as CH2= CH-CH2-SNO, named "Allylthionitrite".In conclusion, -SH compounds in garlic extract could be competitively reacted with nitrite forming thionitrite compounds and then blocked the formation of nitrosamines. We believed this might be the partial mechanism of the blocking effect of garlic on the formation of nitrosamines.

An improved method was described for the determination of tryptophane in foods (maize, rice, millet, wheat, soybean, milk powder substitute, fish protein concentrate and casein) hydrolyed by cyanide-activated papain. The color-deyeloping agent was a mixture of equal volume of 30N sulfuric acid and glacial acetic acid containing 2% acetic anhydride and 27mg% FeC13.6H2O, and its intensity was measured with spectrophotometer at absoption maximum 545nm. The sensitivity was 0.2?g of tryptophane per ml of tested solution through 1cm length. The recovery was found to be between 96-104%. By comparing noncyanide and cyanide-activated papain for analysis of varieties of maize the mean tryptophane values were 50.1 mg% and 68.7mg% respectively, and the difference was very significant (p

The preventive effect of garlic against toxicity of dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) in rats medicated with aminopyrine (AP) and NaNO2 was investigated. 28 rats were divided into three groups. The 6 rats of group C were set as control taking basal diet; the 10 rats of group B were given basal diet, AP, and NaNO2; the 12 rats of group A were given basal diet with an addition of 10% of garlic, AP and NaNO2. AP and NaNO2 in the dosage of 30 mg per kg of body weight were dissolved in 0.5% acetic acid and given by gavage to rats of groups A and B.During the experimental period of 35 days, 3 rats of group B died while all the rats of group A survived. At the end of the experiment, Hb, SGPT and SGOT were determined and all rats were killed for pathological studies. It was found Hb value of group A was higher than that of group B (P

Objective To explore how to control schistosomiasis at the presence of snails in lake marshland. Methods From March 1st to October 31st every year, 2000-2002- the measure of "marshland isolation and farming prohibition" was carried out. Local residents and cattle were examined and treated for schistosomiasis. Results The infections rate of schistosomiasis in surveillance spots decreased from 2.66% (1999) to 1.66% (2002). The infections rate was 0.57% (5/ 871 ) in the township. There were no acute schislosomiasis cases and new patients. The rate of schistosomiasis of cattle decreased from 4. 90% (1999) to 0. 14% . and there was no new calf under two years of age infected. The rale of infected snails decreased from 1. 450% to 0. 005% , and the density of positive snails from 0. 014 8 snail /0. 1 m2 to 0. 000 11 snail/0. 1 m2. Conclusion The measure, mainly including "marshland isolation and farming prohibition", can control schistosomiasis prevalence even at the presence of snails in lake marshland.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of oral administration of mannitol and intramuscular injection of anisodamine in magnetic resonance enteroclysis.Methods After complete intestinal cleaning,29 patients undergoing magnetic resonance enteroclysis were orally administered with 5% oral isotonic mannitol solution 2000 mL and treated with intramuscular injection of anisodamine before the operation.The adverse reactions were observed,the image quality was inspected and the dilatation of small bowel was detected.Results All of the patients lived through the magnetic resonance enteroclysis.Two patients contracted Crohn’s disease with mild nausea consciousness.Conclusion For magnetic resonance imaging,preoperative oral administration of 2.5% oral isotonic mannitol solution and intramuscular injection of anisodamine after complete intestinal cleaning is beneficial for fully expanding the small intestine,achieving quality imaging and therefore improving the diagnosis of small intestinal lesions.

Objective To learn the current capacity building of emergency response teams in Tianjin for the purpose of goals setting.Methods Health Emergency Capacity Questionnaire was issued to 89 secondary and above medical institutions and 19 CDCs in Tianjin.The form covered such items as basic institutional information, workforce makeup, emergency preparations, detection and early warning, emergency response, and summary/assessment.Data collected in the questionnaire were subject to descriptive and correlation analysis.Results Tianjin has scored an initial success in emergency medicine as evidenced in its emergency response mechanisms in place, elevated capacity in emergency medical rescue and disposal, and enhanced competence of emergency teams.Rooms of improvement however include insufficient professionalism and independence of health emergency, inadequate emergency commanding and decision making system functions, insufficient laboratory test capacity at district/county levels, and insufficient social involvement in health emergency.Conclusions Top-down design should be emphasized, health emergency response should be enhanced in terms of management and response planning system, while capacity building of the teams and long-term primary care emergency mechanism deserve higher attention.