ObjectiveIn order to investigate anti-ageing mechanisms of the notoginsenoside Rg1,we used Aβ_(1-42) and D-galactose to establish aging rat model. Methods Ninety rats were divided into three groups at random: sham group, model group, treatment group. Aging rat models were established by injecting peritoneally D-galactose (100 mg/kg) to the rats for 56 days and after 35 days aggregated Aβ_(1-42)(μg) was injected to the right lateral ventricle of rats. Meantime, rats were treated by intragastric administration the notoginsenoside Rg1. Then spatial memory of experimental rats was examined with the Morris water maze(MWM). The thiol antioxidants including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were examined by colorimetric method. The concentration of the pro-caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were examined by the immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method. Results In aging model rats escape latercies were significantly prolonged (P<0.05), while decreases were seen in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and pro-caspase-3 as compared with the sham group(P<0.05). After treatment of the notoginsenoside Rg1, the aging model rats exhibited significant increases in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and pro-caspase-3(P<0.05), while a decrease was observed in escape latercies as compared to control group(P<0.05). Moreover there was no significant difference in the expression of the Bcl-2(P>0.05). Conclusion The results from our study indicate that the notoginsenoside Rg1 could improve the oriented learning and memory capacity and prevent the neurodegeneration of central nervous systems in aging model rats by up-regulating the expression of the thiol antioxidants(including GR and GSH-Px) and resisting the cleavage of the pro-caspase-3.

Objective To understand the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of AIDS between male-male in college students, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies. Methods Using cluster random sampling method, the questionnaire survey including basic situation, the perception of HIV/AIDS of male male actors, sexual behavior and condom use and HIV/AIDS counseling detection, was used to investigate in male students of 8 universities at Beijing fangshan distric. Results A total of 2444 male college students were surveyed, 138 cases with male-male behavior were detected, and the detection rate was 5.65％. The detection rate (18.31％) of the junior college students was statistically higher than that of first-year college students (4.28％) and sophomores (6.52％, P<0.017). The awareness rates of four relevant knowledge about HIV/AIDS for 138 students were 25.36％, 15.22％, 9.42％and 13.77％respectively. The 44.93％male-male in college students had first sexual intercourse were younger than 18 years old. The proportion of students with first time male-male behavior and age <18 years was higher in the first-year college students (58.9％) than that of sophomores and junior college students (30.77％, 26.92％). The incidence rate of bisexuality was 43.48％ in male-male behavior, and 73.91％ was polysexual partners. The correct usage rate of condom was 31.16％. AIDS counseling detection rate was 27.54％. Conclusion The detection rate is higher in students with male-male behavior, and the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge is lower. A variety of high risk sexual behaviors are prevalent, so it is necessary to strengthen HIV/AIDS education and HIV/AIDS related knowledge for college students.

Objective To make rehabilitation nursing signs and apply them in positioning of unaffected extremities among patients with hemiplegia.Methods Totally 49 stroke patients with hemiplegia were recruited in the control group from July 2013 to November 2014,and 52 stroke patients with hemiplegia were recruited in the experimental group from January 2015 to September 2015.Same treatment and rehabilitation nursing were provided to patients in two groups.For the experimental group,rehabilitation nursing signs were applied together with regular guidance and demonstration of positioning of unaffected extremities.For the control group,only regular guidance and demonstration of positioning of unaffected extremities were provided.Results For the experimental group,the compliance was 86.03％(4 026 of 4 680 times),the accuracy was 72.73％(2 928 of 4 026 times);for the control group,the compliance and accuracy were 58.10％ (2 562 of 4 410 times)and 50.94％ (1 305 of 2 562 times),respectively.In the experimental group,no new complication occurred,no existing complication deteriorated,10 cases of complications were alleviated.However,in the control group,two cases developed complications,two cases of existing complication deteriorated,and only four cases of complications were alleviated.Subjective attention from patients and their family members in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion For patients with hemiplegia,the rehabilitation nursing signs can significantly increase the compliance and accuracy of unaffected extremities positioning,and increase the attention from patients and their family members regarding unaffected extremities positioning in daily life.

AIM: To investigate the effects of non-invasive ischemic preconditioning on nitric oxide (NO)/endothelin-1 (ET-1) imbalance and gas exchange impairment following limb ischemia reperfusion in patients undergoing unilateral lower extremity surgery with tourniquet. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients aged 25-65 years, whose tourniquets duration varied from 1 h to 1.5 h and matched American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Ⅰ-Ⅱ, were randomized into two groups: a control group (n=14) and a ischemic preconditioning group (IPC group, n=13) in which patients received three cycles of 5 min of ischemia/5 min of reperfusion before tourniquet inflation. Radial arterial blood gas, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO, serum ET-1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured just before tourniquet inflation(T_0), 1 h after inflation(T_1), and 0.5 h(T_2), 2 h(T_3), 6 h(T_4), 24 h(T_5) after tourniquet deflation. Meanwhile NO/ET-1 ratio, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (P_(A-a)DO_2) and intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) were calculated. RESULTS: In control group, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO_2) were decreased, while P_(A-a)DO_2 and Qs/Qt were increased significantly at T_4 compared to the baselines at T_0 (P<0.01). Plasma NO levels and NO/ET-1 ratios decreased gradually after tourniquets deflation and statistical significances were observed at T_3 (P<0.01) with a valley at T_4 (P<0.01) and recovered to baselines at T_5. Serum ET-1, IL-6 and plasma MDA began to increase remarkably after T_3 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), peaked at T_4 and dropped slightly at T_5. The changes above-mentioned could be well attenuated by the application of IPC (P<0.05 or P<0.01) except PaO_2 (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinical application of unilateral tourniquet within safe time limit (1.5 h) may lead to limb ischemia reperfusion and further pulmonary gas exchange impairment, which could be partially attenuated by the application of IPC via alleviating NO/ET-1 imbalance.

Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs), abundantly infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment, have a significant influence on tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and immune escape. Therefore, TAMs-targeted immunotherapy has become a hot point in the field of cancer treatment. However, most of the conventional TAMs-targeted agents may cause serious adverse effects, such as short retention time, poor drug enrichment and drug-resistance. In order to overcome these shortcomings, nanobiotechnology has attracted considerable attention. More recently, a series of important progress for nanomedicine has been achieved in the area of drug delivery and diagnostic imaging, because of their special physical and chemical properties. Hence, the TAMs-targeted nanomedicine delivery system provides new ideas for tumor immunotherapy. This paper reviews the role of TAMs in tumor microenvironment, the tumor-promoting mechanism, and introduces the research progress of nanomedicine in TAMs polarization, nanodrug delivery, TAMs-targeted imaging and preventing the TAMs recruitment, so as to provide reference for the application of nanotechnology in tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors that affect stroke specialist nurses in Henan Province and provide a reference for targeted interventions.Methods A total of 140 stroke specialist nurses from over 103 general hospitals in Henan Province were selected to participate the study with the convenience sampling method,between March and November 2022.General data questionnaire and the core competence evaluation questionnaire of stroke specialist nurses in Henan Province were employed for the investigation.Influencing factors were analysed by binary Logistic regression.Results A total of 134 specialist nurses responded to the survey.The findings revealed that the total score of core competence in the stroke specialist nurses was 279.5(257.0,306.0).Among the dimensions of core competence,the clinical thinking ability scored the highest at 4.4(4.0,4.9),while professional development ability scored the lowest at 3.7(3.4,4.0).Cluster analysis categorised that the scores＜250 were of a low score group(n=26)and those≥250 were of a high score group(n=108).Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that education level,years working as a stroke specialist nurse,and the working experience in the stoke fast track team of A&E were the factors that influenced the core competence of the stroke specialist nurses in Henan Province(all P＜0.05).Conclusions This study has found that the core competence of stroke specialist nurses in Henan Province is at an acceptable level.Education,years working as a stroke specialist nurse and the working experience in the fast track team of A&E are the primary factors which influence core competence.Nursing managers should devise supportive programs to target the influencing factors and to improve the core competence of the stroke specialist nurses.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shenmai injection on vascular endothelial active facters nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and pulmonary gas exchange induced by tourniquet deflation in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery.

METHODTwenty-six patients scheduled for unilateral lower extremity surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (group C, n = 14) and Shenmai injection group (group SM, n = 12). All the patients agreed to a combined spinal-epidural anesthesia at the L2-L3 interspace and a radial artery catheter was placed for sampling. Patients in group SM were injected Shenmai injection 0.6 mL x kg(-1) and physiological saline 100 mL, while patients in group C were injected equal volume of normal saline instead 15 min before tourniquet inflation. Blood samples which were used for blood gas analysis and measurement of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were taken before tourniquet inflation (T0, baseline) and 30 min (T1), 2 h (T2), 6 h (T3), 24 h (T4) after tourniquet deflation.

RESULTCompared with the baseline values at T0, in group C at T3 P(a) O2 and the levels of NO were significantly decreased, while P(A-a) DO2 and the levels of ET-1 at T3 were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), in group SM, the levels of NO at T3 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with group C, the changes of P(a)O2, P(A-a) DO2, NO and ET-1 were significantly mitigated in group SM.

CONCLUSIONThe concentrations of NO and ET-1 is connected with the pulmonary gas exchange impairment induced by tourniquet application. Shenmai injection can improve the pulmonary gas exchange based on rising the level of NO, reducing the level of ET-1.

Adult ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; drug effects ; Tourniquets ; adverse effects

There are limited reports available regarding the treatment of amputated noses. This article presented a case of an incompletely amputated nose in a 47-year-old male who was admitted to Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital in July 2023. He was characterized by an amputated right nasal tip and alar region, with an avulsion area of approximately 4 cm×4 cm. The broad pedicle was connected to the nasal base, approximately 5 mm below the remaining nasal column, and only the nasal column retained a satisfactory arterial blood supply. During the operation, the amputated tissue was implanted in situ, and clindamycin was employed to prevent infection after the operation by intravenous infusion. Bloodletting with flaps, wet application of heparin saline, and massage were employed and all the amputated tissue survived. The appearance of the nose was deemed acceptable. By reviewing relevant literature, the author discussed and summarized the methods of nasal blood supply and treatment for nasal amputated injuries, thereby providing a reference for the management of similar cases.

Objective To observe the effect of local injections of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Preparation joint compres-sion bandage in lymph leakage after breast carcinoma operation. Methods A total of 60 patients of lymph leakage after breast carcinoma operation were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group , the pations of ob-servation group was treated with pseudomonas aeruginosa preparation joint compression bandage treatment ,while the pations of control group was treated with the puncture pumping local joint compression bandage treatment , the clinical efficacy of two groups were compared. Results The treatment group cure rate was 76.7%, effective rate was 96.7%, control group 20.0%, 66.7% respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After treatment, KPS score of the observation group was significantly better than the control group, drainage time, hospitalization time was shortened (P<0.05), the expected survival was not significantly different (P>0.05).There were no serious adverse reac-tionsin two groups. Conclusion Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Preparation joint compression bandage has definite clinical effect in lymph leakage after breast carcinoma operation,less adverse reaction.

There are limited reports available regarding the treatment of amputated noses. This article presented a case of an incompletely amputated nose in a 47-year-old male who was admitted to Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital in July 2023. He was characterized by an amputated right nasal tip and alar region, with an avulsion area of approximately 4 cm×4 cm. The broad pedicle was connected to the nasal base, approximately 5 mm below the remaining nasal column, and only the nasal column retained a satisfactory arterial blood supply. During the operation, the amputated tissue was implanted in situ, and clindamycin was employed to prevent infection after the operation by intravenous infusion. Bloodletting with flaps, wet application of heparin saline, and massage were employed and all the amputated tissue survived. The appearance of the nose was deemed acceptable. By reviewing relevant literature, the author discussed and summarized the methods of nasal blood supply and treatment for nasal amputated injuries, thereby providing a reference for the management of similar cases.