Objective To assess the left ventricular systolic function in young strength male athletes by three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE).Methods A total of 45 young strength male athletes (athlete group) and 30 healthy young men (control group)were enrolled.Traditional echocardiography combined with 3D-STE were applied for all the subjects to obtain heart rate (HR),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),the thickness of interventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall thickness (PWT),relative wall thickness (RWT),left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV),endsystolic volume (ESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),stroke volume (SV),left ventricular mass (LVM),left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS),global circumferential strain (GCS),global area strain (GAS),global radial strain (GRS).Results There were a significant increase inLVEDD,IVS,PWT,RWT,EDV,ESV,SV,LVM and significant decrease in HR,GLS,GCS,GAS and GRS in athlete group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).However,there was no significant difference in LVEF between two groups (P ＞0.05).Conclusions There are subclinical changes of left ventricular systolic functionin of young strength male athletes.3D-STE can accurately assess the changes,and provide reliable information for clinical assessment of athletes' heart function.

Objective:To observe and preliminarily explore the relationship between the area of active fundus lesions and aqueous cytomegalovirus (CMV)-DNA in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).Methods:A retrospective study. From November 2019 to December 2020, the study population consisted of 22 AIDS patients (31 eyes) with active CMVR at the Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. All the patients were male. The age of the patients was 38.0±8.7 years. In total, 13 patients accepted highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The median duration of treatment was 4 months. There were 9 cases that did not receive HAART. Ultra-wide-angle fundus imaging examination was performed using Optos P200T laser scanning ophthalmoscope. The software was used that comes with the device to measure the area of active lesions. Anterior chamber puncture was performed in all the affected eyes, 100 μl of aqueous humor was extracted, and the CMV-DNA load was quantitatively detected by polymerase chain reaction. At the same time, 19 cases of peripheral blood CD4 +T lymphocytes and CMV-DNA load were tested; 17 cases of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-RNA load were tested. The area of active lesions was used as the independent variable, and the CMV-DNA load of aqueous humor was used as the dependent variable to construct a linear regression function. Results:All eyes were active CMVR, with lesions ranging from 1 to 264 optic disc diameters, with a median of 43 optic disc diameters. Among 31 eyes, 30 eyes (96.8%, 30/31) had a median aqueous CMV-DNA load of 1.3×10 4 copies/ml, and one eye was negative for CMV-DNA in aqueous humor. In 19 patients who underwent peripheral blood CD4 +T lymphocyte detection, the median CD4 +T lymphocytes were 18 cells/μl; 4 cases (21.1%, 4/19) were detected with CMV-DNA load. In the 17 patients who underwent HIV-RNA load testing, the median HIV-RNA load was 4.1×10 4 copies/ml. The results of correlation analysis showed that the amount of CMV-DNA in aqueous humor was significantly correlated with the size of active fundus lesions ( r=0.601, P<0.001), and was correlated with CD4 + T lymphocytes, CMV-DNA load in blood, and HIV-RNA load. There was no significant correlation between the amounts ( r=0.125, 0.202, -0.096; P>0.05). The regression equation was CMV-DNA load in aqueous humor = 3.38 + 0.01 × active lesion area. Conclusion:The amount of CMV-DNA in the aqueous humor is significantly correlated with the area of fundus active lesions, which can reflect the activity of fundus lesions.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is closely associated with the adverse events such as liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure and remains a serious threat to human health. Pegylated interferon is an indispensable drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and interferon-stimulated genes are associated with a variety of viruses, but few studies have mentioned their association with hepatitis B and their predictive effect after the treatment of hepatitis B with interferon. This article introduces the predictive factors for interferon treatment of CHB and summarizes the association of interferon-stimulated genes with hepatitis B and their predictive effect, so as to provide a reference for clinical work and basic research.

ObjectiveTo review the information and clinical studies of oral Chinese patent medicines （CPMs） for chronic kidney disease （CKD）. MethodThe CPMs for treating CKD were retrieved from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China， National Essential Drugs List， and Medicine List for National Basic Medical Insurance， Employment Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance. China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， SinoMed， PubMed， Embase， Cochrane， and Web of Science were searched for the clinical trials of the treatment of CKD by CPMs from their inception dates to September 25， 2022. A database was established with the collected CPMs， and then the general conditions of the clinical trials were analyzed and presented visually. ResultA total of 16 CPMs for CKD were included in this study， including 5 classical traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） prescriptions involving Rehmanniae Radix and 11 new CPMs. The indications of the TCM prescriptions did not mention the corresponding western disease names， and those of the new CPMs mainly included chronic renal insufficiency， chronic renal failure， and chronic nephritis. Four CPMs were prepared with single Chinese medicine or active components. Specifically， Bailing Preparation and Jinshuibao Preparation were mainly prepared with the powder of Cordyceps， and the main components of Haikun Shenxi capsules and Huangkui capsules were fucoidan sulfate and the flower extract of Abelmoschi Corolla， respectively. The CPMs mainly exerted tonifying and eliminating effects on the lung， spleen， and kidney. A total of 892 clinical trials were screened out， covering all the areas in China and presented an increasing trend. Bailing Preparation was the most studied， followed by Niaoduqing Preparation. Among the 892 studies， 475 focused on single CPMs without combination with other CPMs or therapies. These studies mainly compared between conventional intervention and conventional intervention + CPM， which accounted for 75.58%. The 475 studies covered different kidney diseases， such as chronic kidney disease， chronic renal failure， nephrotic syndrome， diabetic kidney disease， IgA nephropathy， and membranous nephropathy， and involved a variety of populations including the elderly and children. Thirty-six studies evaluated TCM syndromes， reflecting the characteristics and advantages of TCM treatment. ConclusionThere are abundant oral CPMs for CKD， with varied efficacy and characteristics for different kidney diseases. However， the instruction manuals of the oral CPMs are not detailed or standard. According to the clinical research evidence in this field， the research on oral CPMs for CKD is characterized by a wide scope， rich study types， and wide disease coverage， while the sample size and quality remain to be improved.