Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is an intestinal motility dysfunction caused by intestinal myopathies or neuropathies or mesenchymopathies.The clinical manifestation is almost the same with mechanical intestinal obstruction,but in the absence of any obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract.According to etiology,it can be divided into primary and secondary.While according to gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders,it can be categorized as myopathy,neuropathy and mesenchymopathy,which have different pathogenesis.The disease with the clinical manifestation,imaging examination or histopathology was diagnosed,but mechanical intestinal obstruction must be excluded.Presently,the therapies of CIPO mainly are stimulating the motility of intestine and ensuring the necessary nutrition of the children.The review is mainly focused on the research progress of the pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,therapy of pediatric CIPO in recent years.

BACKGROUND: Micro-nano-sized modification of the material surface provides an effective way to enhance the endothelialization of cardiovascular implants. Shear stress plays an important role in the endothelialization of cardiovascular implants.OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of flow shear stress on endothelial cell cytoskeleton alignment, migration, adhesion and apoptosis on the micropatterned substrates.METHODS: The author performed a retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases from 2002 to 2017 to search literatures about the effects of shear stress on endothelial cells on the micropatterned substrates. The keywords were micrometer topology, micropattern, flow shear stress, endothelial cells in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The shear stress parallel to the long axis of the micropattern which is applied to the endothelial cells on micropatterned substrates promotes endothelial cell microfilaments alignment along the long axis direction of micropattern, strengthens endothelial cell migration along the flow direction, increases the level of FAK phosphorylation, enhances endothelial cell adhesion, and improves endothelial cell activity. However, there are some controversies on the effects of parallel shear stress on the microtubule arrangement of endothelial cells on micropatterned substrates. Some studies have reported that parallel shear stress promotes endothelial cell microtubules alignment along the long axis of micropatterns. But others have found that parallel shear stress has no effect on endothelial cell microtubule arrangement. There are different conclusions about the effects of shear stress perpendicular to the long axis of the micropattern on endothelial cells on the micropatterned substrates. Some literatures have found vertical shear stress destroys the structure of endothelial cell microfilaments and microtubules,weakens the degree of microfilaments and microtubules arranged along the long axis of micropatterns, and attenuates endothelial cell adhesion and cell activity. But some have found vertical shear stress does not destroy the structure and alignment of endothelial cell microfilaments and microtubules, and still can promote endothelial cell migration along the flow direction. The magnitude of shear force affects endothelial cell migration, and the number of endothelial cells on the micropatterned substrates migrating along the flow direction increases with the increasing intensity of shear stress.

Objective Through comparative study of the rate and influence factors of intraoperative and postoperative complications of cervical cancer after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy which to guide the clinical practice of this kind of surgery in the future. Methods The clinical data of 314 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy from January 2013 to December 2015, the complication rate was observed, and the inlfuencing factors were analyzed by the method of multiple factor analysis. Result The number of intraoperative complications were 20 cases, accounting for 6.37%, the number of postoperative complications were 80 cases, accounting for 25.48%. Intraoperative complications influence factors including FIGO, surgery time, doctors surgery experience [OR^ =2.00, 95%CI (1.00~4.25)] which have the highest value. postoperative complications inlfuence factors including age, body mass index (BMI), lymph node metastasis, FIGO, doctors surgery experience, operative time [O^R=4.69, 95%CI (1.05~2.84)] which have the highest value. Conclusions Complications are dififcult to avoid completely, but we can reduce it by age, BMI, lymph node metastasis, FIGO, operation time, doctor’s operation experience and so on.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of attention during visual search tasks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:Totally 45 adult patients with ADHD who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 44 healthy controls matched with age,gender and IQ were selected.The reaction time and accuracy rate of two groups were compared under visual search tasks of low and high visual working memory load.Results:The reaction time was longer in patients with ADHD than in the healthy controls in both low-load task [(823 ± 144) ms vs.(754 ± 123) ms,P ＜ 0.01] and highload task [(912 ± 163) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with the performance in low load task,the search reaction time was longer in high load task [ADHD group:(823 ± 144) ms vs.(912 ± 163) ms,P ＜ 0.01;control group:(754 ± 123) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜0.01] and the accuracy rate was lower during high load task than low load task[ADHD group:(95.9 ±4.3)％ vs.(91.2 ± 14.29)％;control group:(95.8 ± 4.2)％ vs.(94.4 ±4.9) ％,P ＜ 0.01] in both ADHD and control groups.Conclusion:The results suggest impairment in top-down attentional control in ADHD adults.When the visual working memory load is increasing,ADHD patients allocate more working memory resources on storing the target representation and less resources on visual attention,so the search efficiency may be influenced.

Objective To study the expression and significance of Ezrin in triple negative breast cancer tissues .Methods We selected 102 cases ,including 24 ones of triple negative breast cancer ,58 ones of non‐triple negative breast cancer ,and 20 of benign breast disease .The expression of Ezrin in all the specimens was detected by SP immunohistochemistry .We observed whether there was any difference between the positive expression rates of Ezrin in the three groups . We also analyzed the correlation between Ezrin expression and clinicopathologic parameters of triple negative breast cancer .Results The positive expression rate of Ezrin in groups of triple negative breast cancer , non‐triple negative breast cancer , and benign breast disease was 15 .00% ,48 .28% and 75 .00% ,respectively . The difference between the three groups differed significantly ( P < 0 .01 ) . The high expression of Ezrin in triple negative breast cancer had relationship with histological grading and clinical TNM staging (P< 0 .05 ) , but not with patients' age , tumor size , or axillary lymph node metastasis ( P > 0 .05 ) . Conclusion Ezrin is highly expressed in triple negative breast cancer tissues ;therefore , it can be used as an important indicator of poor prognosis of triple negative breast cancer .

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on autophagy in melanocytes,and to explore its possible regulatory mechanisms.Methods Normal human melanocytes at exponential growth phase were divided into several groups:blank control group receiving no treatment,positive control group treated with 100 nmol/L sirolimus solution,and experiment groups treated with H2O2 solution at different volume fractions of 10-7-10-3 respectively.After 4-hour treatment,cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the cellular proliferative activity and detect apoptosis of melanocytes respectively.Acridine orange staining was performed to detect autophagosome formation,transmission electron microscopy to observe ultrastructural changes of autophagosomes,and Western blot analysis to measure the expression of autophagy-specific protein Beclin 1 and microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B).A total of 84 autophagy-related genes were analyzed by RT2 Profiler PCR Array,so as to screen differentially expressed autophagy-related genes.Results After the treatment with H2O2 at different volume fractions of 10-3,5 × 10-4,10-4,5 × 10-5,10-5,5 × 10-6 and 10-6,experiment groups showed significantly decreased cellular proliferative activity,but significantly increased apoptosis rate compared with the blank control group (F =286.95,301.23,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).With the increase in volume fractions of H2O2,the cellular proliferative activity was significantly gradually decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while the apoptosis rate showed an opposite trend (P ＜ 0.05),except that the 5 ×10-6 H2O2 group showed no significant differences in the apoptosis rate compared with the 10-5 H2O2 group and 10-6 H2O2 group.Acridine orange staining and electron microscopy showed autophagosome formation in the 10-5 H2O2 group,10-6 H2O2 group and positive control group.Western blot analysis revealed that Beclin1 expression and LC3B-Ⅱ/LC3B-Ⅰ ratio were significantly higher in the 10-5 H2O2 group,10-6 H2O2 group and positive control group than in the blank control group (all P ＜ 0.05).RT2 Profiler PCR Array showed significant up-regulation of ATG12,ATG3,ULK1,PIK3CG,PTEN and PIK3C3 genes and significant downregulation of EIF2AK3 gene in the 10-5 H2O2 group,10-6 H2O2 group and positive control group compared with the blank control group.In the 10-5 H2O2 group and positive control group,the mTOR gene was significantly up-regulated,and the ULK2 gene was significantly down-regulated.The 10-6 H2O2 group showed no obvious changes in the expression of mTOR gene,but significant up-regulation of AMPK and JNK1 genes.Conclusion H2O2 at volume fractions of 10-5 and 10-6 can induce autophagy in melanocytes,likely by influencing the expression of some related signaling molecules.

Objective:To evaluate any effect of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on the motor functioning of rats modelling stroke using the Catwalk gait analysis system.Methods:A stroke model was induced in 24 rats using middle cerebral artery embolization. They were then randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group and a tPCS group, each of 8. Neurological deficit scores were assigned 1 day after the modeling. Beginning two days after the modeling the tPCS group was given 20 minutes of tPCS daily with an intensity of 0.2mA at 10Hz for 7 days. Gait data were collected using the Catwalk gait system 1 day before, as well as 1 and 9 days after the modeling.Results:Nine days after the modeling the average Bederson neuroethology score of the tPCS group was significantly lower than one day after the modelling and significantly lower than the model group′s average. One day after the modelling significant differences were observed in the model and tPCS groups in the average contact area of the affected limb′s paw prints, limb swing speed, stride length, limb speed, swing time, average running speed and standing time compared with before the operation. After nine days the average standing time on the affected fore and hind limbs, as well as the paw contact areas were significantly better in the tPCS group than in the model group.Conclusion:tPCS can promote improvements in gait after ischemia and reperfusion, at least in rats.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of TDF withdrawal time on changes of serum HBV-M, HBV DNA and ALT level in the mother-to-child blocking of the maternal population. METHODS: A prospective, randomized and controlled study was conducted. The 120 pregnant women with HBV who took TDF during 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were randomly divided into group A (withdrawal at delivery) and group B (withdrawal at 4 weeks postpartum), levels of HBV-M, HBV DNA, and ALT at different times were detected. The results were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank-sum test and χ

BACKGROUND:Now experimental and clinical research on suitable bone substitutes for alveolar bone defects after dental implantation is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effect of titanium core/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) composite material on alveolar bone defects after immediate implant placement.METHODS:Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into normal group (no intervention),experimental group or control group.Animal models of bone femoral greater trochanter defect were made in the experimental and control groups.Dental implant and titanium core/BMP composite material were implanted in the experimental group,while dental implant and titanium core were implanted in the control group.Percentage of CD4+,CD8+ T lymphocytes,natural killer cell activity and interleukin 2 level were detected at postoperative 4 weeks;bone mineral density and osteogenesis around the implant were detected at postoperative 16 weeks through X-ray and histological examinations.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray results showed that the bone mineral density in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Histological results showed that in the experimental group,different degrees of cell lysis around the composite,more bone cells and bone matrices were found,implant-bone osseointegration formed well,and red-dyed mature bone tissues were detective inside the implant.Compared with the experimental group,lower number of bone cells and fibrocytes were found in the control group.Additionally,the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes,natural killer cell activity and interleukin 2 level in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).To conclude,the titanium core/BMP composite material can effectively repair alveolar bone defects after immediate implant placement to guide the growth of bone cells.

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the surgical methods and therapeutic effects of repair of the finger proximal and middle segment soft tissue defect with three different types of skin flaps.

METHODSFrom May 2011 to May 2015, 102 patients with 115 fingers proximal and middle segment soft tissue defect underwent reconstruction with three different types of skin flaps. There were 59 males with 70 fingers and 43 females with 45 fingers, aged from 19 to 62 years old with an average of 45.6 years. Twenty-nine patients with 29 fingers were repaired by free peroneal artery perforator flaps, 35 patients with 37 fingers were repaired by the free vascularized flaps based on the wrist cutaneous branch of ulnar artery, 38 patients with 49 fingers were repaired by metacarpal dorsal artery perforator flaps. The soft tissue defect area varied from 1.8 cm×4.0 cm to 2.8 cm×5.4 cm. The flap area varied from 2.0 cm×4.4 cm to 3.1 cm×6.0 cm. The clinical results were evaluated based on flap survival rate, finger function and complications.

RESULTSAll flaps survived. Distal skin flap necrosis occurred in 5 flaps, but healed after wound dressing therapy. No deep infection were found in donor site and recipient site. There were 3 cases with partial necrosis of the skin graft, and delayed healing after wound dressing therapy. All patients were followed up from 6 to 28 months with an average of 10.6 months. The appearance and texture of flaps were well. The sensation were good, two-point discrimination was 9 to 13 mm. There were no obvious dysfunction happened in the donor site. The function of the fingers was excellent in 52 cases, good in 41, fair in 9 cases.

CONCLUSIONSAbout the repair of the finger proximal and middle segment soft tissue defect, the right flap should be choosen based on the difference of the sex and the age in patients, wounds situation, the master degree of the operation method and the hospital's technical conditions.