Objective To investigate professional identity and its influencing factors in nursing students during late period of clinical practice,which may be helpful for carrying out clinical nursing teaching.Methods General information and professional identity questionnaires were used for investigation in 233 nursing students of late period of intership.Results Sense of professional identity was in the general level (86.00±8.08) points.Employment situation was the main concern for students to choose nursing profession.The professional identity score of professional knowledge and skills were 15.90 and 20.88 respectively in undergraduate students,which were lower than those of college students and secondary specialized school students.Conclusions Nursing educators should pay attention to the guidance and training of professional identity in nursing students,which may contribute to the development of the nursing profession.

Objective We aimed to systematically review the effect of Comfeel transparent dressing for preventing PICC-associated phlebitis.Methods We electronically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Chinese Science Technology Periodical Databases (VIP),Wanfang Database,China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM),PubMed and Embase for studies about effect of Comfeel transparent dressing for preventing PICC-associated phlebitis from inception to June 2014.Literature was screened and evaluated by inclusion and exclusion criterion.The RevMan 5.1 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results This study included 7 RCTs involving 524 patients.Meta analysis showed that compared with the 3M occlusive dressing,Comfeel transparent dressing could significantly decrease the incidence of PICC-associated phlebitis,OR=0.17,95％CI (0.08,0.34),Z=4.95,P＜0.01.Conclusions Comfeel plus transparent dressing can prevent the incidence of PICC-associated phlebitis.

Objective To investigate whether the combination of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) with hemoperfusion (HP) could improve the left ventricular structure and function of MHD patients with resistant hypertension. Methods This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. 65 MHD patients with resistant hypertension of our hospital were enrolled and then randomly divided into Group HD+HP and Group HD. The follow-up study was 12 months. The major outcome measures were related to the cardiac structure and function, and the serum inflammatory factors. Results No statistical differences of related factors such as blood pressure and cardiac function was observed in HD group. The serum concentration of inflammatory factors was higher after one-year HD treatment alone. But the serum concentration of inflammatory related factors , blood pressure, cardiac function and related indexes were lower in HD + HP than in Group HD (P < 0.05);HD + HP group had higher ejection fraction (EF) and SV, which demonstrated the improved cardiac function (P < 0.05). Conclusions HD + HP was superior to HD in the treatment in alleviating cardiac after-load and improving the left ventricular structure and function of MHD patients with resistance hypertension.

BACKGROUND:Posterior arch length deficiency is closely related to the formation and development of malocclusion.
OBJECTIVE:To measure the posterior arch length in individual normal occlusions of adults in Lanzhou.
METHODS:A total of 102 current col ege students with individual normal occlusions, with a mean age of (19.33±2.67) years (range 18-24 years), including 47 males and 55 females from Gansu Province, were chosen to take lateral cephalograms. Al research objects were divided into three groups according to mandibular plane angle:high angle group (Frankfort mandibular-plane angle>32°), low angle group (Frankfort mandibular-plane angle<22°) and control group (22°≤Frankfort mandibular-plane angle≤ 32°). Posterior arch length of both maxil ary and mandibular arches was measured, and the data were compared between genders and groups and in groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Posterior arch length of maxil ary arch was slightly longer in male group than that in female group, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The posterior arch length of mandibular arch was slightly longer in male group than that in female group, but the difference was no significant (P>0.05). Comparison between groups revealed that the posterior arch length of low angle mandibular arch was significantly longer than that of high angle mandibular arch in male group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The results indicate that the gender wil not influence the development of posterior arch length. Different vertical facial types and different genders have different posterior arch length in individual normal occlusions of adults

In the experiment of atherosclerosis, the change of the cerebrovascular dynamic indexes (CVDI) was observed. In the atherosclerosis group, the values of carotid artery's mean flow (Qmcan), mean velocity (Vmcan), maximal velocity (Vmax), minimal velocity (Vmin) and cerebrovascular compliance for zero pressure (CO) were significantly decreased (P

Objective To evaluate sound velocity tissue quantification ( SVQ ) for the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis B ,and to evaluate the correlation between diagnostic performance of sound velocity tissue quantification and blood parameters . Methods From the May of 2013 to May of 2014 ,collect ninety‐nine patients with chronic hepatitis B who was diagnosed by clinic and / or liver biopsy as experiment group ,and thirty healthy volunteers as control group at the same time . The experiment group and control group were evaluated with to measurement the zone speed index ( ZSI) ,and blood cell count . The AST/PLT ratio index ( APRI) was calculated according the following formula , APRI=AST(ULN)/PLT(109/L) . The liver biopsy was performed in the same day with SVQ and all blood parameters .ZSI and APRI were compared by correlation with liver fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis B . Referring to the histologic fibrosis stage on liver biopsy ,all the ZSI and the APRI value were assessed by using ROC curve analysis . The corresponding cut‐off value ,sensitivity and specificity were also calculated andcompared.Results 1)ThemeanvaluesofAPRIwere(15.9±5.7)m/sforpatientswithS0,(28.1± 2 .8)m/s for patients with S1 ,(35 .8 ± 1 .2)m/s for patients with S2 ,(42 .6 ± 0 .8)m/s for patients with S3 , and (46 .3 ± 1 .3)m/s for patients with S4 .2)Accordingly ,the areas under the ROC curve for ZSI and APRI were 0 .875 and 0 .762 for S≥S1 ,0 .832 and 0 .597 for S≥S2 ,0 .913 and 0 .675 for S≥S3 ,0 .891 and 0 .709 for S≥S4 ,respectively . Conclusions The ZSI and APRI all could be used to evaluate the stage of liver fibrosis ,but the ZSI index is superior to APRI in assessing the stage of liver fibrosis . SVQ could provide object and accurate image ,the quantitative analysis of tissue could timely and accurately evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis .

Objective To gain insight on how exercise affects the outcomes of prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy, specifically cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and quality of life (QoL).Methods Systematic searches for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of exercise on CRF and QoL of prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy were carried out to identify the eligible studies from EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane library. Related data were extracted from eligible studies and then subjected to Reviewer Manage 5.3 for analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results In all, 10 RCTs involving 841 prostate cancer patients (448 of whom exercised and 393 did not) were included in this study. With respect to CRF, there was good consistency among different studies, and it was remarkably reduced in the exercise group (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.18, P<0.00001, n=784). In regards to QoL, there was also good consistency among different studies, and it was also improved significantly in the exercise group (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.34, P=0.002, n=841).Conclusion Exercise both reduced CRF and improved QoL in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy.
Exercise Therapy ; methods ; Fatigue ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Quality of Life ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Objective:To explore the characteristics of attention during visual search tasks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:Totally 45 adult patients with ADHD who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 44 healthy controls matched with age,gender and IQ were selected.The reaction time and accuracy rate of two groups were compared under visual search tasks of low and high visual working memory load.Results:The reaction time was longer in patients with ADHD than in the healthy controls in both low-load task [(823 ± 144) ms vs.(754 ± 123) ms,P ＜ 0.01] and highload task [(912 ± 163) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with the performance in low load task,the search reaction time was longer in high load task [ADHD group:(823 ± 144) ms vs.(912 ± 163) ms,P ＜ 0.01;control group:(754 ± 123) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜0.01] and the accuracy rate was lower during high load task than low load task[ADHD group:(95.9 ±4.3)％ vs.(91.2 ± 14.29)％;control group:(95.8 ± 4.2)％ vs.(94.4 ±4.9) ％,P ＜ 0.01] in both ADHD and control groups.Conclusion:The results suggest impairment in top-down attentional control in ADHD adults.When the visual working memory load is increasing,ADHD patients allocate more working memory resources on storing the target representation and less resources on visual attention,so the search efficiency may be influenced.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of adenosine A2A receptor agonist (CGS21680) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) transplantation in acute liver failure (ALF).Methods Fifty male C57BL/6 mice, 6-8 weeks old, were fed with standard diet for 1 week and randomly divided into 5 groups according to random number table: healthy control group (n=6), model group (n=11), BMMSC group (n=11), CGS21680/BMMSC group (n=11) and CGS21680 group (n=11).Except healthy control group, the other mice were injected with D-GalN and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish ALF model.Ten hours later, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group were injected intraperitoneally with adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS21680 (2.1 mg/kg).In addition, the BMMSC group and CGS21680/BMMSC group were injected BMMSC (1×10.6) through tail vein.After 24 hours, pathological changes of liver tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The change of proportion of mouse splenic Treg among CD4+T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry.Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression levels in liver tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot.One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and SNK-q test was conducted for data analysis.Results Serum IL-6 levels were (23.67±2.97) pg/mL in healthy control group, (151.47±6.03) pg/mL in model control group, (72.10±3.74) pg/mL in BMMSC group, (53.35±2.50) pg/mL in CGS21680/BMMSC group and (84.85±3.25) pg/mL in CGS21680 group.The differences between healthy control group and the other 4 groups were all statistically significant (t=46.02, 25.51, 19.58 and 34.03, respectively, all P<0.01).Serum TNF-ɑ levels were (24.62±3.19) pg/mL in healthy control group, (102.25±2.10) pg/mL in model control group, (54.71±2.23) pg/mL in BMMSC group, (42.20±4.72) pg/mL in CGS21680/BMMSC group and (81.76±3.50) pg/mL in CGS21680 group.The differences between healthy control group and the other 4 groups were all statistically significant (t=46.49, 19.97, 7.72 and 29.57, respectively, all P<0.01).The differences of spleen Treg proportion in healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=51.67, 12.22, 5.91 and 18.21, respectively, all P<0.01).The differences of TLR4 mRNA levels of liver tissue in healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=26.31, 21.33, 13.24 and 27.14, respectively, all P<0.05).The differences of NF-κB mRNA level of liver tissue in healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=16.56, 16.34, 7.83 and 13.11, respectively, all P<0.05).The differences of TLR4 protein level in liver tissue of healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=35.60, 10.38, 6.05 and 18.02, respectively, all P<0.05).The differences of liver NF-κB protein level in the healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=10.80, 7.30, 4.61 and 13.24, respectively, all P<0.05).Conclusions Adenosine A2A receptor agonist combined with BMMSC can significantly up-regulate the proportion of Treg cells in acute liver failure mice and inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation, with both coordinated regulation, and further inhibit the liver inflammation.

Objective To investigate the effects of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMMSC)on the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 pathway in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSC)with direct and indirect contact coculture system.Methods Purified HSC were separately treated with LPS in the concentrations of 0,50,100 and 150 g/L for 48 h.Proliferation ratio was tested with cell counting kit-8 to determine the optimal concentration.HSC in LPS were divided into three groups,including HSC alone group,cocultured with BMMSC at 1∶1 group and cocultured with transwell group at the optimal concentration.The supernatants were collected to detect the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.Cells were further divided into seven groups, including BMMSC without LPS group,HSC without LPS group,BMMSC with LPS group,HSC with LPS group,BMMSC in transwell system group,HSC in transwell system group,all cells in transwell system group and direct contact system group.The mRNA expressions ofα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I were detected by quantitative real-time PCR,and protein expressions of TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)were analyzed by Western blot.Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA analysis.Results The proliferation rate of HSC in 50,100 and 150μg/L LPS were (129.77±11 .26)%,(162.90±13.15 )% and (55 .12 ±11 .6)%,respectively compared with HSC without LPS group.The differences were statistically significant (t =5 .91 ,10.70 and 8.65 , respectively,all P <0.05).The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-αin HSC alone group,directly/indirectly cocultured group were (252.02 ±30.94)ng/L and (148.00 ± 10.27 )ng/L,(88.52 ±6.61 )g/L and (72.63±5 .54)ng/L,(103.74±7.14)ng/L and (81 .79 ±6.92 )ng/L,respectively.The differences between HSC alone group and directly/indirectly cocultured group were significant (t=12.66 and 15 .82, 11 .81 and 12.34,respectively,all P < 0.05 ).The directly and indirectly cocultured groups were significantly different (t=3.83 and 2.53,respectively,both P <0.05 ).The mRNA expressions of α-SMA and collagen I in HSC with LPS were remarkably increased compared with HSC without LPS (t =14.16 and 11 .84,respectively,both P <0.05 )and reversed by cocultured with BMMSC (t =11 .98 and 4.47,respectively,P <0.05).All cells in transwell group expressed moreα-SMA and collagen I than the direct contact group (t=3.70 and 3.19,respectively,P <0.05 ).The TLR pathway associated protein expressions,TLR4,MyD88,and NF-κB in HSC in transwell group were significantly down-regulated compared with HSC with LPS group.And all cells in transwell system had higher level of protein expressions compared with direct contact system (P < 0.05 ).Conclusions BMMSC are effective in inhibiting HSC activation and inflammatory cytokines excretion,which may be modulated through TLR4 pathway and cell to cell contact.