Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is an intestinal motility dysfunction caused by intestinal myopathies or neuropathies or mesenchymopathies.The clinical manifestation is almost the same with mechanical intestinal obstruction,but in the absence of any obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract.According to etiology,it can be divided into primary and secondary.While according to gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders,it can be categorized as myopathy,neuropathy and mesenchymopathy,which have different pathogenesis.The disease with the clinical manifestation,imaging examination or histopathology was diagnosed,but mechanical intestinal obstruction must be excluded.Presently,the therapies of CIPO mainly are stimulating the motility of intestine and ensuring the necessary nutrition of the children.The review is mainly focused on the research progress of the pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,therapy of pediatric CIPO in recent years.

Objective To investigate the influence of human menopausal gonadotropin(HMG)administration at different phase of follicular development upon the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)in the long-program.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 145 patients underwent the long program IVF-ET,who were normal in ovarian reservation but with low levels of serum leteinizing hormone(LH)(＜ 1 U/L)after the pituitary down-regulation.According to the time point of HMG administration,the patients were classified into three groups:early follicular phase(group 1,43 patients),midfollicular phase(group 2,46 patients)and late follicular phase(group 3,56 patients).The outcomes of these three groups were compared.Results Between the three groups,there was no difference in the down-regulation time,days receiving gonadotropin(Gn),the number of oocytes retrieved,day of estradiol(E2)on the day receiving chorionic gonadotrophin(hCG)injection,start date and interim LH,fertilization rate and cleavage rate (all P ＞ 0.05).In group 3,the total Gn dosage([2225 ± 292]U)was lower than that of group 1([2624 ± 422]U)(P ＜ 0.05)and group 2([2472 ± 417]U)(P ＜ 0.05).In group 1,the LH level on the day receiving hCG[(0.46 ± 0.37)U/L]was lower than that in group 2[(0.72 ± 0.58)U/L](P＜0.05).The rate of usable embryos in group 3[62.5％(288/461)]was higher than that of group 1[55.0％(170/309)]and group 252.8％(208/394)](P =0.011).Though the high qualified embryo rate,clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in group 3 were higher than that in goup 1 and group 2,and the abortion rate in group 1 was higher than that of group 2 and group 3,the difference was not significant(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion For the patients with over-suppressed LH in the long-program pituitary down-regulation but with normal ovarian reservation,additional HMG during late follicular phase is helpful to improve the high qualified emryo rate,excellent rates of embryos,embryos availability,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate,and lower the abortion rate.

Objective To control stem blight disease of Schizonepeta tenuifolia caused by Phytophthora nicotianae.Methods The antagonist effect of 13 Trichoderma strains(including T.viride and T.hamianum)was evaluated upon mycelia growth of P.nicotianae.Trichoderma strains with high antagonistic activities against the pathogen were used to control stem blight of S.tenuifolia in the field.Results Of 13 Trichoderma strains tested,T.viride strain M3 showed maximum mycelia growth inhibition(83.2%)to the pathogen,followed by T.viride strain Tv04-2(78.2%)and then T.harziamum strain ThB(65.0%),in vitro.Fungal cell wall degrading enzymes,protease,and β-1,3-glueanase were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in further study.T.viride strains M3,Tv04-2,and T.harzianum strain ThB efficiently against P.nicotianae were used to control stem blight of S.tenuifolia in the field,and T.viride strain M3 showed the best biocontrol potential.Conclusion Trichoderma spp.can be used as alternatives of pesticides to control stem blight,one of the serious soilhome diseases of S.tenuifolia caused by P.nicotianae.However,though T.viride strains Tv04-2 aad T.harzianum strain ThB are also highly against P.nicotianae in vitro,the controlling efficacy of them on stem blight disease is not as excellent as T.viride strains M3 in the field.

Objective We aimed to systematically review the effect of Comfeel transparent dressing for preventing PICC-associated phlebitis.Methods We electronically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Chinese Science Technology Periodical Databases (VIP),Wanfang Database,China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM),PubMed and Embase for studies about effect of Comfeel transparent dressing for preventing PICC-associated phlebitis from inception to June 2014.Literature was screened and evaluated by inclusion and exclusion criterion.The RevMan 5.1 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results This study included 7 RCTs involving 524 patients.Meta analysis showed that compared with the 3M occlusive dressing,Comfeel transparent dressing could significantly decrease the incidence of PICC-associated phlebitis,OR=0.17,95％CI (0.08,0.34),Z=4.95,P＜0.01.Conclusions Comfeel plus transparent dressing can prevent the incidence of PICC-associated phlebitis.

Objective To compare the outcomes in pregnancy between the patients with poor ovarian reservation receiving ultra-long-term down-regulation protocol and modified long-term protocol who were undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI),aiming at screening an optimal ovulation induction scheme.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 78 patients with poor ovarian reservation who underwent IVF or ICSI from October 2010 to July 2012.Forty-three patients received modified long-term protocol treatment (group A),with 0.375 mg long-acting triptorelin during the midluteal phase as well as superovulation start date plus alarelin (0.15 mg/d) to intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day.Thirty-five patients received ultra-long-term down-regulation protocol (group B).Triptorelin was injected intramuscularly in mid-luteal phase twice followed by triptorelin at a dose of 1.2-1.3 mg after 28 days of long-acting triptorehn treatment (1.5 mg).Gonadotropin was started 16 days after the second GnRHa injection.The dose of Gn,number of oocytes retrieved,number of embryos available,implantation rate,pregnancy rate,and miscarriage rate were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean age of participants,basal follicular number,FSH,the dose of Gn used,number of oocytes retrieved,number of embryos available,number of implanted embryos,Pregnancy rate(32.56％ vs.34.29％),implantation rate(18.75％ vs.20.97％) and miscarriage rate (0 vs.8.33％)(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion No significant difference was found between the two groups in clinical pregnancy rate and abortion rate.But modified long-term protocol needs a shorter treatment period than the ultra-long-term protocol.Moreover,it reduces the risk of excessive suppression of pituitary function.Therefore,it takes advantages over the other in the clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Posterior arch length deficiency is closely related to the formation and development of malocclusion.
OBJECTIVE:To measure the posterior arch length in individual normal occlusions of adults in Lanzhou.
METHODS:A total of 102 current col ege students with individual normal occlusions, with a mean age of (19.33±2.67) years (range 18-24 years), including 47 males and 55 females from Gansu Province, were chosen to take lateral cephalograms. Al research objects were divided into three groups according to mandibular plane angle:high angle group (Frankfort mandibular-plane angle>32°), low angle group (Frankfort mandibular-plane angle<22°) and control group (22°≤Frankfort mandibular-plane angle≤ 32°). Posterior arch length of both maxil ary and mandibular arches was measured, and the data were compared between genders and groups and in groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Posterior arch length of maxil ary arch was slightly longer in male group than that in female group, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The posterior arch length of mandibular arch was slightly longer in male group than that in female group, but the difference was no significant (P>0.05). Comparison between groups revealed that the posterior arch length of low angle mandibular arch was significantly longer than that of high angle mandibular arch in male group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The results indicate that the gender wil not influence the development of posterior arch length. Different vertical facial types and different genders have different posterior arch length in individual normal occlusions of adults

BACKGROUND: Micro-nano-sized modification of the material surface provides an effective way to enhance the endothelialization of cardiovascular implants. Shear stress plays an important role in the endothelialization of cardiovascular implants.OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of flow shear stress on endothelial cell cytoskeleton alignment, migration, adhesion and apoptosis on the micropatterned substrates.METHODS: The author performed a retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases from 2002 to 2017 to search literatures about the effects of shear stress on endothelial cells on the micropatterned substrates. The keywords were micrometer topology, micropattern, flow shear stress, endothelial cells in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The shear stress parallel to the long axis of the micropattern which is applied to the endothelial cells on micropatterned substrates promotes endothelial cell microfilaments alignment along the long axis direction of micropattern, strengthens endothelial cell migration along the flow direction, increases the level of FAK phosphorylation, enhances endothelial cell adhesion, and improves endothelial cell activity. However, there are some controversies on the effects of parallel shear stress on the microtubule arrangement of endothelial cells on micropatterned substrates. Some studies have reported that parallel shear stress promotes endothelial cell microtubules alignment along the long axis of micropatterns. But others have found that parallel shear stress has no effect on endothelial cell microtubule arrangement. There are different conclusions about the effects of shear stress perpendicular to the long axis of the micropattern on endothelial cells on the micropatterned substrates. Some literatures have found vertical shear stress destroys the structure of endothelial cell microfilaments and microtubules,weakens the degree of microfilaments and microtubules arranged along the long axis of micropatterns, and attenuates endothelial cell adhesion and cell activity. But some have found vertical shear stress does not destroy the structure and alignment of endothelial cell microfilaments and microtubules, and still can promote endothelial cell migration along the flow direction. The magnitude of shear force affects endothelial cell migration, and the number of endothelial cells on the micropatterned substrates migrating along the flow direction increases with the increasing intensity of shear stress.

Objective Through comparative study of the rate and influence factors of intraoperative and postoperative complications of cervical cancer after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy which to guide the clinical practice of this kind of surgery in the future. Methods The clinical data of 314 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy from January 2013 to December 2015, the complication rate was observed, and the inlfuencing factors were analyzed by the method of multiple factor analysis. Result The number of intraoperative complications were 20 cases, accounting for 6.37%, the number of postoperative complications were 80 cases, accounting for 25.48%. Intraoperative complications influence factors including FIGO, surgery time, doctors surgery experience [OR^ =2.00, 95%CI (1.00~4.25)] which have the highest value. postoperative complications inlfuence factors including age, body mass index (BMI), lymph node metastasis, FIGO, doctors surgery experience, operative time [O^R=4.69, 95%CI (1.05~2.84)] which have the highest value. Conclusions Complications are dififcult to avoid completely, but we can reduce it by age, BMI, lymph node metastasis, FIGO, operation time, doctor’s operation experience and so on.

In the experiment of atherosclerosis, the change of the cerebrovascular dynamic indexes (CVDI) was observed. In the atherosclerosis group, the values of carotid artery's mean flow (Qmcan), mean velocity (Vmcan), maximal velocity (Vmax), minimal velocity (Vmin) and cerebrovascular compliance for zero pressure (CO) were significantly decreased (P

Objective To investigate the change of CNP (C-natriuretic peptides) in patients with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with GnRH-α longprotocol for controll ovarian hyper-stimulation(COH).Methods From March 2012 to September 2014,22cases patients with PCOS undergoing IVF-ET in the Reproductive Medical Center of the Center Hospital of JiangMen were selected as study group(Group 1),and 32 cases patients with normal ovarian reserve,the age younger than 35,and the number of oocytes retrieved more than 6 at the same period were selected as control group(Group 2).The level of serum CNP and estradiol(E2) on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and retrieving oocytes,the level of CNP and E2 in follicular fluid were analyzed.In additional,the levels of CNP and E2 in follicular fluid of different fertility and embryo quality were compared.Results (1) CNP and E2 on the day of HCG were significantly higher than that on the day of retrieving oocytes (CNPof Group 1:(107.21±78.55) μg/L vs.(73.01±55.99) μg/L,CNP of Group 2:(69.16±32.39) μg/L vs.(44.11±27.23) μg/L;E2 of group 1:(5231.38±1489.00) ng/L vs.(1985.52±662.54) ng/L,E2 of Group 2:(3678.45±969.57) ng/L vs.(1567.71±493.93) ng/L;t =2.968,2.752,8.147,14.567;P＜0.05).CNP and E2 on the day of retrieving oocytes and E2 on the day of HCG of Group 1 were higher than that of Group 2(t=2.866,2.227,2.173;P＜0.05).CNP in follicular fluid in Group 1 was higher than that in Group 2,but E2 of in follicular fluid in Group 1 was lower than that in Group 2 (t =2.244,-2.650;P＜0.05).(2) In Group 1,CNP and E2 in follicular fluid of normal fertility were lower than that of unnormal fertility,and E2 in follicular fluid of unnormal fertility were higher than that of no-fertility,and there were significant differences(t =-6.117,-2.374,2.760;P＜0.05).(3) In Group 2,only E2 in follicular fluid of unnormal fertility were higher than that of no-fertility,and there was significant difference(t=2.658,P＜0.05).(4) In 2 groups,CNP in follicular fluid of high-quality embryo were lower than that of non-high-quality embryo,and there was significant difference (t =-2.910,-2.029;P＜0.05).CNP in follicular fluid of non-high-quality embryo in Group 1 were higher than that in Group 2,but E2 in follicular fluid of non-high-quality embryo in Group 2 were higher than that in Group 1,and there were significant differences (t =2.141,-2.009;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There are differences in the change of CNP in the patients with PCOS and non-PCOS,and there are some deficiencies of the first meiosis in the patients with PCOS.