OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in seminal paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in infertile male patients and assess the clinical value of seminal PON-1 examination in the diagnosis of male infertility.

METHODSSeminal PON-1 activity was detected by spectrophotometric method in the semen samples from 270 infertile male patients and 50 health fertile males (control), and the semen parameters were analyzed using a computer-assisted semen analysis system.

RESULTSIn the male infertility group, seminal PON-1 activity was 1.22∓0.76 U/L in the patients with normal semen parameters and 0.64∓0.54 in the patients with abnormal semen parameters, both significantly lower than that of the control group (3.17∓0.89 U/L, P<0.01). In patients with asthenospermia, the declined sperm motility was associated with decreased seminal PON-1 activity, which showed significant differences between patients with mild, moderate, and severe asthenospermia. Seminal PON-1 activity was positively correlated with the percentage of sperm viability (P<0.01), but inversely with the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm (P<0.01). According to ROC curves, the area of seminal PON-1 activity under the curve was 0.907, showing a statistical significance (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe detection of seminal PON-1 activity can provide a laboratory evidence for the diagnosis of male infertility.

Adult ; Aryldialkylphosphatase ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Male ; Semen ; metabolism ; Semen Analysis ; Young Adult

Industrial bioprocess is a complex systematic process and bio-manufacturing can be realized on the basis of understanding the metabolism process of living cells. In this article, the multi-scale optimization principle and practice of industrial fermentation process are reviewed, including multi-scale optimizing theory and equipment, on-line sensing technology for cellular macroscopic metabolism, and correlated analysis of physiological parameters. Furthermore, intelligent control of industrial bioprocess is further addressed, in terms of new sensing technology for intracellular physiological metabolism, big database establishment and data depth calculation, intelligent decision.
Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology

Currently, biomanufacturing technology and industry are receiving worldwide attention. However, there are still great challenges on bioprocess optimization and scale-up, including: lacing the process detection methods, which makes it difficult to meet the requirement of monitoring of key indicators and parameters; poor understanding of cell metabolism, which arouses problems to rationally achieve process optimization and regulation; the reactor environment is very different across the scales, resulting in low efficiency of stepwise scale-up. Considering the above key issues that need to be resolved, here we summarize the key technological innovations of the whole chain of fermentation process, i.e., real-time detection-dynamic regulation-rational scale-up, through case analysis. In the future, bioprocess design will be guided by a full lifecycle in-silico model integrating cellular physiology (spatiotemporal multiscale metabolic models) and fluid dynamics (CFD models). This will promote computer-aided design and development, accelerate the realization of large-scale intelligent production and serve to open a new era of green biomanufacturing.
Bioreactors ; Computer Simulation ; Fermentation ; Hydrodynamics