Objective To observe effect of the pulmonary injury and the dynamic changes of the blood gas index on the mortality rate of the dogs suffered from underwater blast injury. Methods 38 adult dogs were brought out underwater blast injury by TNT. The dogs that died on the spot were anatomized immediately, while the survivors were anatomized after 6 hours; the blood samples were taken before the explosions, 30min and 6 hours after them to analyze the blood gas index by i-STAT. Results Most of the lung injuries were pulmonary hemorrhage and edema; the positive impulse of the blast wave and the severity of the lung injury were closely related to the mortality rate; the frequency of the respiratory and the blood oxygen and the carbon dioxide pressure can roughly exhibit how severe the lungs were injured. Conclusions The severe hypoxia induced by lung injury is the main cause of the early death; correlation between the severity of the injury and the positive impulse of blast wave is very obvious.

By reviewing literature, summarization and generalization are respectively pertormed according to different electroacupunture (EA) parameters. Based on the understanding of clinical and experimental usage of EA parameters, effects of different parameters are summarized, and a preliminary evaluation is done to point out the advantages and disadvantages. It is found out that different EA parameters would produce different effects on the body, and researches are more in the field of experimental area and less in the clinical area. What's more, the majority of scholars focuses their attention on single-factor study, leading to fewer researches on the effects of parameters combination.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Electroacupuncture ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Humans

Taken Huantiao (GB 30) as breakthrough point, acupuncture manipulations of generating various needling sensations by different physicians are sorted. Types of acupoint needling sensations and conducting directions after acupuncture and all kinds of factors that affect needling sensations are analyzed from new perspectives. It is considered that attention should be paid to acupoint location, postures of patients, manipulation methods, types of needling sensations, transmission lines and duration time of needling sensations, etc.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Needles ; Sensation

Objective:To analyze the molecular characteristics of dengue virus (DENV) strains circulating in Shantou city in 2018 and 2019 for elucidating the reasons causing strikingly different dengue fever epidemics during the two years and understanding the transmission characteristics and routes of DENV, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of dengue fever.Methods:Detection of viral nucleic acid contents and amplification and sequencing of E gene were carried out on 872 samples positive for DENV acid in 2018 and 2019. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the E gene sequences to analyze the homology of DENV strains. The sources and transmission routes of the strains were also analyzed. Results:A total of 99 sequences of DENV E gene were acquired, including 68 DENV-1 sequences and 31 DENV-2 sequences. The cases of dengue fever were sporadic in 2018. Phylogenetic tree showed the strains isolated in 2018 were from multi-sources and closely related to those found in Guangzhou city and Southeast Asia area. Dengue fever outbreaks occurred in 2019 and most of the prevalent strains were from a single source, which was speculated to be Cambodia. Conclusions:Dengue fever in Shantou city was mainly caused by imported strains of the same year rather than by local strains in previous years. DENV strains in Shantou might be traced back to Southeast Asia area and transmitted to Shantou through many routes.

Objective To investigate the effect of adenosine A2A receptor on pituitary-adrenal axis response in acute phase of moderate craniocerebral trauma.Methods Eighteen adenosine A2A receptor knock-out mice in a C57BL/6 background and another eighteen their wild-type littermates were divided into normal control group and craniocerebral trauma for 4 hours group,and craniocerebral trauma for 24 hours group according to random number table,with siμ mice per group.Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic-hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone at hours 4 and 24 postinjury were determined using ELISA method.Results At 4 and 24 hours,brain water content in wild-type mice [(80.950 ± 0.184) ％,(82.178 ± 0.255)％ respectively] was higher than that in gene knock-out mice [(80.006 ± 0.199)％,(81.091 ± 0.295)％ respectively,P ＜ 0.01].Besides,brain water content in both wild-type and gene knock-out mice increased after injury (P ＜ 0.01).Plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone were higher in geneknock-out sham mice than in wild-type sham mice [(120.214 ± 2.472) ng/L vs (91.767 ±7.395) ng/L,(27.814 ±0.888) μg/L vs (11.430 ±0.644) μg/L respectively,P ＜0.0l].At 4 and 24 hours,plasma levels of ACTH [(174.776-± 5.040) ng/L,(189.613 ± 4.802) ng/L respectively] in geneknock-out mice showed a higher increase than those in wild-type mice [(119.594 ± 6.945) ng/L,(124.93-± 11.001 7) ng/L respectively,P ＜ 0.05].Moreover,plasma levels of corticosterone [(40.138 ±-0.805) μg/L] at 4 hours and [(37.440-0.485)μg/L] at 24 hours in gene knock-out mice showed a same result as compared with that in wild-type mice [(19.702 ± 0.804) μg/L,(17.602 ± 0.743) μg/L respectively,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Knock-out of adenosine A2A receptor increases the release of ACTH and corticosterone in acute stage of moderate craniocerebral trauma and promotes pituitary-adrenal stress response.This may provide a novel explanation for the neuroprotective effect of A2A receptor deficiency.

Objective To evaluate the fiber altering and clinical relationship in patients with occipital and temporal lobe cerebral infarction with DTI.Methods Fifty patients suffering from cerebral stroke were analyzed with conventional MRI,DWI and DTI. The fibers of visual pathway were depicted ,and their fractional anisotropy (FA),apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),isotropic im-age (Iso)and T2-weighted trace were measured and analyzed.Results Regions of interest (ROIs)were placed in infarction and nor-mal contralateral tissue for tracking the visual pathways.The different parameters were measured.FA is useful to differentiate hy-per-acute stroke from acute and sub-acute stroke.FA values increased slightly in hyper-acute and decreased in acute,sub-acute and chronic phase.The values of ADC in infarction regions in hyper-acute,acute and sub-acute phases were lower than those of the con-tralateral tissue.Iso and T2-weighted trace increased in acute phase and decreased in chronic phase.DTT was used to show the way and chang of visual pathway.Conclusion DTI could track the fiber of visual pathway,and depict the fiber of infarction zone.DTT could be used in evaluating the prognosis of patients.

Objective To observe the regulative effect of high dose of glucocorticoid (GC) on protein synthesis and mRNA transcription of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) so to ascertain whether there exists difference upon effect of GC either at high dose or at normal dose. Methods A total of 60 Wistar rats were divided into five groups, ie, blank control group, 10 -6 mol/L dexamethasone (DEX) group, 10 -9 mol/L DEX group, 9 g/L saline group and group that was treated with 10 -4 mol/L RU486 first and then with 10 -6 mol/L DEX. The drugs were given through femoral vein. CRH protein expression was measured by means of immunohistochemistry and laser confocal scanning microscophy (LCSM); CRH mRNA transcription level was investigated by in situ hybridization. Results There appeared positive CRH mRNA granules in cytoplasm of PVN after administration with 10 -6 mol/L DEX for 20 minutes but could be seen positive fluorescent granules of CRH protein 30 minutes later, which was reversed at an in advance blockage of GR, as was free in 10 -9 mol/L DEX group, 9 g/L saline group and blank control group. Conclusions High dose of GC can up regulate CRH gene expression in PVN and differs much from the traditional effect of GC at normal dose, as may be due to that high dose of GC exerts effects depending on membrane glucocorticoid receptor but normal dose of GC dose via iGR.

In order to optimize acupuncture treatment protocol for functional defecation disorders, literature during past 20 years is reviewed, and factors which influences acupuncture therapeutic effect are analyzed from aspects of acupoint, acupuncture technique, etc. As for the selection of acupoint, more attention should be paid on the use of Baliao, especially Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34); when Baliao is deeply needled, it is essential to acquire scientific technique. The relationship between acupuncture parameter (including electroacupuncture waveform and frequency), acupuncture techniques (including reinforcing and reducing technique, quantity of stimulation, etc. ) and acupuncture efficacy is complicated, and the scientific values of present research conclusion are in need, of further improvement. The diagnosis and treatment awareness on types of functional defecation should be strengthened, and the mental health of the constipation patients should be concerned. The combination of acupuncture and biofeedback training can have a synergistic effect, which is benefit to achieve a better long-term effect. Based on this, acupuncture treatment protocol for functional defecation disorders can be optimized to further improve the efficacy.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Defecation ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective To find out the accurate resonance frequencies and vibration characteristics of intestine,lung,kidney,stomach,heart and liver of rat and rabbit in low frequency and to provide basic data for the study of organs' resonance injury and reaction.Methods Eight rats and eight rabbits were anaesthetized with 1.5％ sodium pentobarbital and acceleration sensor was fixed to the surface of their bowels.The rats were fastened on their back on the veneer hung horizontally by rubber band.The veneer was hammered upward from the down side,and the biggest value of frequency spectrum was considered the resonance frequency.Rabbits were fastened on their back on vibration platform and 2 mm amplitude vibration was given with the sweeping-frequency from 2 Hz to 50 Hz.The bowels amplitudes on each frequency point were measured.The frequency corresponding to the biggest amplitude was considered the resonance frequency.Results The resonance frequencies of rat intestine,lung,kidney,stomach,heart and liver were respectively 3.8,3.2,6.6,7.0,4,6 and 3.0 Hz within frequency interval of 0 Hz to 20 Hz.The resonance frequencies of rabbit intestine,lung,kidney,stomach,heart and liver were respectively 6.0,5.0,7.0,8.0,6.0 and 7.0 Hz within frequency interval of 2 Hz to 50 Hz.The vibration amplitude of lung was the biggest at the resonance frequency.The resonance frequencies of both rat and rabbit bowels showed no statistical correlations to body weights,bowel mass and bowel volumes.Conclusion Bowel resonance frequencies of rat and that of rabbit are evidently statistical different except for that of kidney.The resonance frequency values of rabbit bowels are closer to that of dog and monkey than to that of rat.Thus the resonance injury characteristic of rabbit bowels can be the research basis for dog,monkey,and even human bowels resonance injury.

Objective To explore the association between moxibustion sensation and therapeutic efficacy during moxibustion treatment. Methods By applying Taiyi moxa stick to Shiqizhui (EX-B 8) to treat primary dysmenorrhea, the association between the change of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and the topical moxibustion sensation and transmission types during the 30 min moxibustion treatment was observed. Besides, the occurrence time of transmission, and the transmission distance, width, depth, and direction were recorded. Results Superficial moxibustion sensation occurred in forty patients, of whom, the VAS score changed by (38.50±14.38) mm; heat-penetrating moxibustion sensation occurred in 18 patients, and the VAS score changed by (38.89±12.43) mm; heat-expanding sensation occurred in 6 patients, and the VAS score changed by (45.00±14.10) mm; distant transmission happened in 13 patients, and the VAS score changed by (41.54±13.90) mm. Patients with 4 types of moxibustion sensation had the highest VAS scores both before and after treatment, followed by 3 types, 2 types, and 1 type moxibustion sensation. In comparing the changes of VAS score between 10 min and 20 min treatment and between 20 min and 30 min treatment, the patients with 4 types of moxibustion sensation had the most significant change. Conclusions Different moxibustion sensations occur at different frequencies, and the occurrence of moxibustion sensation is related to the severity of disease condition. The number of moxibustion sensation type can affect the remission process of disease, but can merely influence the treatment result. The single moxibustion sensation (superficial heat only) works faster, usually taking 0~10 min; while the other forms of moxibustion sensation (heat penetrating, heat-expanding, and distant transmission) works slower, usually taking over 20 min.