Objective To explore causes of fever in patients after the surgery for congenital heart disease(CHD), and put forward corresponding prevention and control measures.Methods Clinical data of patients undergoing sur-gery for CHD in the department of pediatric surgery of a hospital between January and May 2013 were analyzed ret-rospectively,the whole process of operation and postoperative nursing were observed,environmental hygiene moni-toring was performed at the same time.Results 26 patients all had fever after operation,fever in 21 cases (80.77%)was caused by non-infectious factors,5(19.23%)by infectious factors (ventilator-associated pneumonia in 4 cases,type I incision infection in 1 case).6 cases were absorption fever,20 were abnormal fever,difference in patients’age,duration of invasive manipulation (ventilator,urinary catheter,gastric tube)between two groups of patients were all statistically significant (all P <0.05),patients in the absorption fever group were with older age and short invasive manipulation time.Bacteriological detection rate in 26 patients was 76.92% (n=20),a total of 58 specimens were detected,7 were positive (from sputum specimens of 4 patients),5 isolates (71 .43%)were Pseudomonas aeruginosa .A total of 52 environmental specimens were collected for detection,the qualified rate was 80.77% (n =42).Conclusion Non-infectious factors are the main causes of postoperative fever in patients with CHD,health care workers should enhance the awareness of sterilization,standardize all kinds of medical manipula-tion,and reduce postoperative fever.