Objective To explore the job tasks and qualifications of midwives in China for the next five years.Methods Anonymous surveys were sent by email to 80 professionals to learn the job tasks and qualifications of midwives in China using the Delphi method.The recipients include senior midwives, nursing administrators and nursing educators,senior obstetricians and gynecology department chiefs,as well as health administrators.Results Learnt in the survey were the qualifications and job tasks of professional midwives in China for the next five years.The system concludes 77 job tasks of midwives, among which 31 items are supposed to be completed independently.Conclusion China should develop the midwife system as soon as possible,strengthen the midwife training and education,develop the midwife access system and the corresponding laws and regulations for midwives,standardize midwife management,clear the midwife qualifications and job tasks,formulate normative midwife promotion system,and realize the midwifery scientific management.

The human skull impedance was quantitatively measured by means of Frequency Response Analyzer and its software. The impedance-frequency response curves of human skull were obtained. By analyzing the curves, we found that the characteristic frequency of human skull should be around 10 KHz.
Adult ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skull ; physiology ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the construction of professional system of midwives in China so as to provide the reference for formulating the midwife system , normalizing the midwife professional qualification and duty and responsibility , and promote the midwife subject toward more standardization and reasonable direction in our country .Methods Forty-one professionals who were from eight provinces and cities , twenty-six different levels of general hospitals and maternal and child health hospitals including business deans , directors of obstetric, obstetric doctors, midwives and nurses were interviewed through semi-structured interview, and the construction of professional system of midwives was researched .Results Four themes were refined through in-depth interviews and analysis including the structure of personnel currently engaged in midwifery ; the status of midwives’ duty and responsibility; the importance, necessity and contents of the construction of professional system of midwives; the contents of midwives ’ professional qualification and duty and responsibility . Conclusions We should develop the midwife system as soon as possible , and strengthen the midwife training and education , and formulate the midwife access system and the corresponding laws and regulations , and standard midwife management , and clear the midwife qualifications and duties , and formulate midwife promotion system so as to realize the scientific management of midwife , and promote the development of midwife subject , and further promote mother and child health , and protect the mother and child safety in our country .

Objective To investigate the effects of different collection methods of uterine distention fluid on serum electrolytes and blood glucose in patients with class-4 hysteroscopic surgery, in order to provide exact diuresis time for doctors, reduce the incidence of body fluid overburden, and ensure patients′intraoperative safety and postoperative safety. Methods Totally 100 patients with hysteroscopy operation were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 50 patients in each group. Traditional estimation method was used to estimate the difference of uterine distention fluid, while the accurate method was used to collect the difference of uterine distention fluid. Finally, the incidence rates of hyponatremia between two groups, the potassium, blood glucose, serum sodium and serum chloride 1 hour and 4 hours after surgery were compared. Results In the experimental group, the potassium and sodium 1 hour and 4 hours after operation, were significantly higher than the control group, and the blood glucose was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05);there was no difference in the blood chlorine between two groups (P>0.05). The incidence rate of mild hyponatremia in the experimental group was 6%, and no moderate hyponatremia occurred; while the incidence rate of mild hyponatremia in the control group was 12%, and the incidence rate of moderate hyponatremia was 4% ( P<0.05) . Conclusions The accurate method of collecting uterine distention fluid can record the difference between intake and output perforate accurately, provide accurate time for doctors in diuresis, supplementing sodium and potassium, reduce the incidence rate of hyponatremia, and ensure the patient safety during hysteroscopy operation.

Objective: To assess the prognostic influencing factors of acute hearing loss after posterior circulation ischemic stroke. Methods: The clinical data of 50 patients with acute hearing loss caused by posterior circulation ischemic stroke in Dalian Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were followed up for 2 to 37 months, with an average of 30 months. At the last follow-up, hearing recovery was assessed. Patients with complete and partial improvement of hearing were classified as hearing improvement group, and patients with no improvement of hearing were classified as hearing without improvement group. Results: There was 32 cases in hearing improvement group and 18 cases in hearing without improvement group. There were no statistical differences in gender composition, age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, history of stroke/temporary ischemic attack (TIA), onset to treatment time, hearing loss degree, hearing and vertigo between 2 groups (P>0.05). The proportion of ≥ 2 risk factors in hearing without improvement group was significantly higher than that in hearing improvement group: 17/18 vs. 65.6% (21/32), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusions Acute hearing loss caused by posterior circulation ischemic stroke has a good prognosis, but the patients with multiple risk factors for stroke have poor hearing recovery.