Aim To pick out the siRNA which could most effectively inhibit the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor( BDNF) in microglial cells,to detect the cytotoxicity of the transfection complex,and to ob-serve the change of OX-42 expression,the microglial marker,after BDNF siRNA treatment. Methods Four siRNAs were chemically synthesized: three of them were used to inhibit BDNF expression in microglial cells,the rest was fluorescence-labeled mismatch siRNA as a negative control. They were all transfected into microglial cells,respectively. BDNF mRNA was detected 24 h after transfection by Real-Time PCR and itsprotein expression was observed done by Western blot 48 h later. The Sulforhodamine B( SRB) assay was used to investigate the drug-induced cytotoxicity. Co-expres-sion pattern of BDNF and OX-42 was determined by double-labeling immunofluorescence. Results ① The BDNF siRNA1588 was the most effective siRNA,compared with the vehicle or mismatch siRNA-treated group( P

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the intratympanic inflation by tympanum inflatable balloon for patients with Meniere’s disease(MD) .Methods A total of 36 confirmed cases (according to the listening stage) of Ⅱ - Ⅲ period of MD patients were randomly divided into two groups :experimental group and control group ,18 cases of matched group ,who were staged before preoperation by hearing ,Ⅱ period (average threshold 25~40 dB HL) 6 cases ,Ⅲ period (41~70 dB HL) 12 cases ,were treated by intratympanic methylprednisolone per‐fusion after putting tympanostomy tube under endotoscope ,then once every 3 days perfusion with a total of three times .There were 18 cases of experimental group staged before preoperation by hearing ,Ⅱ period (average thresh‐old 25~40 dB HL) in 5 cases ,Ⅲ period (41~70 dB HL) 13 cases treated by using tympanum inflatable balloon in the tympanum under endotoscope .Two groups were given conventional improved microcirculation and nutritional therapy .Results In 18 cases of patients in experimental group ,for the 18 to 24 months follow -up after treatment ,6 cases of vertigo were fully controlled (grade A) ,10 cases of vertigo basically controlled (grade B) ,2 cases of vertigo partly controlled (grade C) .Vertigo effective control rate was 88 .89% (16/18) .After 18 to 24 months treatment ,two groups of 36 patients with tinnitus and pure tone average threshold had no obvious change .In 18 ca‐ses of patients in the matched group ,during the 18 to 24 months follow -up after treatment ,3 cases of vertigo were fully controlled (grade A) ,7 cases of vertigo basically controlled (grade B) ,8 cases of vertigo partly controlled (grade C) .Vertigo effective control rate was 55 .56% (10/18) .The experimental vertigo basic control rates were higher than the control group (χ2 = 4 .985 ,P<0 .05) .The activitives in the two groups had improved significantly . No obvious differences were found between two groups .Conclusion With the intratympanic gasing by tympanum in‐flatable balloon for patients of Ⅱ - Ⅲ Menier’s disease ,control rates was high and motile ability were improved , but tinnitus and hearing improvement was not obvious .

Basilar artery trunk aneurysms (BTAs) are relatively rare, with poor natural prognosis, high disability and mortality rates. The treatment options for BTAs includes conservative treatment, craniotomy, and endovascular treatment. Due to the deep anatomical structure, rich perforating vessels, and complex pathological structure of the basilar artery, craniotomy is more difficult. There is currently no consensus on the treatment of BTAs. This article reviews the current treatment status of BTAs, aiming to provide reference for clinical work.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of atypical severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). Methods The clinical data of atypical SCID in 7 children with IL2RG,JAK3,and RAG1 mutations were reviewed and analyzed from September 2012 to June 2017. Results In 7 cases (6 males and 1 female), there were 5 infants, 1 toddler and 1 school-age child. Cases 2, 4, and 6 were classic SCID clinical phenotypes. Cases 1, 3, 5, 7 were atypical SCID clinical phenotypes. Case 6 were diagnosed with Omenn syndrome. Cases 2, 5 were classic SCID immune phenotypes, cases 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 were atypical SCID immune phenotypes, and case 1 had maternal chimera. The next generation sequencing indicated that case 1 had a compound heterozygous JAK3 mutation with c.3097-1G>A/c.946-950GCGGA>ACinsGGT.Cases 2,3,and 4 had IL2RG mutations,with c.865C>T/p.R289X,c.664C>T/R222C,52delG,respectively.Case 5 had JAK3 mutations with c.2150A>G/p.E717G and c.1915-2A>G.Sanger sequencing indicated that case 6 had a RAG1 mutation of complex heterozygosity with c.994C>T/p.R332X and c.1439G>A/p.S480N. Case 7 had homozygous RAG1 mutation with c.2095C>T/p.R699W.Conclusion Under certain conditions,gene mutation can lead to atypical clinical and/or immune phenotypic SCID.

TORCH, which is considered as a series of pathogens, including the Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus or Herpes simplex virus, often infects the pregnant women to induce the the fetus or newborn infection by transplacental infection or exposure to contaminated genital tract secretions at delivery. Increasing evidence have been confirmed that the infection of TORCH may cause the miscarriage, premature birth, malformed fetus, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation, neonatal multiple organ dysfunction and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. For most TORCH-infections cases may lacking the effective treatments during pregnancy, and it is important to achieve the effacing monitoring of TORCH infections before and during pregnancy. The laboratory testing of TORCH has the great significance. However, the consensus opinions still need to improve the the standardization of TORCH testing process and the correct interpretation. Based on the characteristics of the TORCH detection method, this article gives a consensus opinion on the standardized detection and clinical application of TORCH from the laboratory perspective according to the characteristics and types of infection of different pathogens.