With the rapid development of assisted reproductive technique (ART),children conceived through ART represent a substantial proportion of the population.Although most researchesonthe safety of A RT offspring are optimistically,it is still worrisome that there are some inconsistent even controversial results.The risk of ARToffspringin perinatal outcomes,birth defects,growth and development,neurological prognosis and imprinting disorders still exist.Therefore,the persistent long-term follow-up of ART children to assess its impact on the long-term prognosis of offspring is particularly important.

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction is one of the common diseases in the perinatal period,which not only increases the child morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period,affecting the long-term development of the nervous system,and can make the risk of adult obesity,hypertension,type Ⅱ diabetes increased significantly.A number of studies suggest that the down-regulation of A amino acid transporter expression is closely associated with intrauterine growth restriction.The down-regulation of A amino acid transporter expression may be an important cause of intrauterine growth restriction.

Antenatal corticosteroid administration to women at risk of preterm delivery within 34 gestational weeks can effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Due to concerns that antenatal corticosteroids may impair the development of the newborn's nervous system, there is a controversy regarding the use of antenatal corticosteroids in pregnant women ≥34 gestational weeks and those with complications. This article reviews the short- and long-term effects of antenatal corticosteroid administration on the nervous system of neonates born to women at different gestational ages and with comorbidities. More and higher-quality evidence is required for routine application of antenatal corticosteroids in pregnant women ≥34 gestational weeks.

Objective To investigate the effect of long term intelligence on NGF to the newborn rats with hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD).Methods The model of newborn rat hypoxic ischemic brain damage(HIBD) was set,0.01mg/10g dosage NGF and 0.03mg/10g dosage NGF were administered to the rat abdominal cavity respectively. With maze test, the change of learning memory abilities of long term in the rats were observed, the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain tissue were determined by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detector.Results The function of learning and memory was better in NGF group(small, large amount group)than in the control group, the frequency was lower remarkably than the control group( P

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was very common among preterm infants, which could cause several complications and severely affects the prognosis. The standardization of diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux was very important for preterm infants. Due to less adverse reactions, nonpharmacological therapy was the most advisable choice in preterm infants with GER. In this paper, nonpharmacological therapies including body positioning, feeding frequency and modality, changing food patterns, gastric tube, and nonnutritive sucking were reviewed. Body positioning was the safest and most effective nonpharmacological therapy. Other nonpharmacological strategies such as changes of feeding frequency and modality might also be useful. The role of some strategies was still controversial, thereby needing to be further investigated. Selection of what kind of specific nonpharmacological therapy should be based on the specific conditions.

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has been widely used in neonatal respiratory support, but how to successfully withdraw nCPAP has not been further studied, and there is no unified standard of timing and mode of nCPAP weaning.This paper reviews the research progress of nCPAP weaning in premature infants.

Cytomegalovirus infection is one of the most common diseases of newborn viral infection,can cause neurological,digestive,respiratory and blood system damage.In addition to the diagnosis of jaundice,impairment and other clinical manifestations,this disease's diagnosis mainly depend on laboratory examination.Therefore,the application of a sensitive and specific method for early diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus(CCMV) infection is particularly important advances in clinical detection method and the research of CCMV infection is reviewed.

Although great progress has been made in perinatal and neonatal medicine, the morbidity and mortality of premature complications remain high.At present, the prevention and treatment of preterm infants with broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, brain injury, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and other complications are cha-llenging.Experimental evidences have shown that regenerative medicine based on mesenchymal stem cells is a promising therapeutic strategy for premature complications, although it has potential risks like tumorigenicity and immune rejection.Exosomes are the key mediators of mesenchymal stem cells, which have been a promising method for the treatment of premature complications.This study aims to review the research progress of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of premature complications.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for an infant with neonatal diabetes (NDM) and multiple malformations. METHODS: Genetic variants were detected by next generation sequencing (NGS). Suspected variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: A de novo heterozygous variant, c.1454_1455del(p.K485Rfs), was detected in exon 5 of the GATA6 gene. The variant was undetected in his parents and unreported previously. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the variant to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION The heterozygous variant of c.1454_1455del(p.K485Rfs) of the GATA6 gene probably underlies the disease in this child. Genetic testing can facilitate diagnosis and genetic counseling for NDM.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics* ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Heterozygote ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Sequence Deletion/genetics*

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of neonatal brain abscess and improve the understanding of diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods:Clinical data of five cases of neonatal brain abscess admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2018 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and followed-up.Results:Among five cases, four cases were premature and one was term infant, three were girls and two were boys. The age of onset was 10, 5, 2, 28 and 11 days after birth, and all had fever as the first manifestation. Three cases had positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures, and the diagnosis of brain abscess was confirmed by head imaging, with the most common lesion being in the frontal lobe. One case was treated conservatively, and four cases underwent abscess aspiration and drainage. After treatment, the range of lesions in five cases was reduced and the clinical symptoms were improved. The neurodevelopmental assessment after discharge did not reveal any intelligence or motor retardation in three cases, and were developing as the same age, while the other two cases had various degrees of neurological sequelae.Conclusion:The clinical characteristics of neonatal brain abscess are not specific, so it is necessary to conduct head imaging examination as early as possible for neonates with septicemia and meningitis with poor therapeutic effect or recurrent disease, so as to improve the early diagnosis rate and long-term prognosis.