Objective To summarize the main results and characters of the research literature by reviewing systematically and comprehensively,we get an overall awareness of the current status of the nursing needs of the aged at home and discover the deficiency.Consequently,we provide evidence to improve the nursing services for the aged at home.Methods We systematically searched CNKI (1979-2014.5),CBM (1978-2014.5)and VIP (1989-2014.5).According to the including criteria and excluding criteria,we screened the literature twice.Main results and characters of the literature were described.Results A total of 975 articles were included.The first literature were published in 1986.From 2006,the amount of the literature increased annually.42.36％ (413/975)of the research types were descriptive research.The contents of the literature mainly focused on the need of comprehensive nursing services,such as community nursing services [37.44％(365/975)];home care [20.10％(196/975)];long-term care [10.26％(100/975)].The overall quality of the hterature was not high.Experimental research and descriptive research were implemented mostly in developed areas.The 46.97％(458/975) of the first authors worked in hospitals.Conclusions There is a small quantity of literature published with low quality.Questionnaire with comprehensive items describing needs demanded by the aged are required.We should put an eye on the aged living in undeveloped areas or with recognition impairment.Meanwhile,depending on the general hospital,we should carry out high-quality experimental research,as well as exploring multidisciplinary model.

From the practice of application of PBL teaching in biochemistry,we find that the PBL has obvious advantages in inability training,class course and knowledge application,but the PBL should be applied in limited theory-learning course.

Objective To investigate the effects of clod plasma cardioplegia on the function and structure of immature myocardium. Methods Thirty-two new Zealand white rabbits of 17-26 days weighing (512 ?56) g were anesthetized and heparinized. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with warm (37℃) oxygenated (95%O2, 5%CO2) Krebs-Henseleit buffer(KHB) at 60 cm H2O perfusion pressure. After the isolated heart had been beating regularly for 10 min, the heart was perfused with clod (10℃) St. Thomas cardioplegic solution (group C, n = 16) or cold cardioplegic solution mixed with plasma (St. Thomas solution: plasma = 1:4) (group P, n=16). The K+ concentration of the cardioplegic solution in both groups was the same. After 30 min cardiac arrest the heart was again perfused with KHB. The following observations were made: (1) the interval from the beginning of cardioplegic solution infusion to cardiac arrest and the amount of cardioplegic solution used; (2) the duration from KHB reperfusion after 30 min cardiac arrest to the recovery of regular heart beat; (3) heat rate after recovery from cardioplegia; (4) coronary flow; (5 ) myocardial water content; (6) myocardial structural changes shown by microscopic examination. Results (1) There was no significant difference in the time needed to induce cardiac arrest and for recovery of regular heart beat from cardioplegia. (2) The heart rate was (129 ?5)beat/min in group P and (120?) beat/min in group C, the coronary flow was (5.10?0.20) ml?L-1 in group P and (3 50? 0.50) mi ?L -1 in group C, the differences were statistically significant (P

Objective To examine whether the prenatal hypoxia adaptation has any protective effect on the brain of the newborn rat Methods 12 22 day pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group and the treated group In the treated group the pregnant rats were placed in a tightly closed hypoxia adaptation chamber When the O 2% in the chamber dropped to 15%, the rat was taken out to breathe fresh air for 5 min then put back in the chamber This process was repeated until its natural delivery In control the chamber was not tightly closed (O 2%=21%) 40 newborn rats weighing 6 8g were selected and subjected to brain ischemia and hypoxia, Left common carotid artrey was ligated under ether anesthesia 2h after recovery from surgery the newborn rats were placed in hypoxia chamber (T=36℃?1℃,O 2%=9%)for 1 5h 24h later they were sacrificed and brain was removed for microscopic examination (optical and electron) and flow cytometry measurement Results In the treated group most newborns were normal There were a few apoptosis cells in early stage The rate of apoptosis was 2 9%, necrosis cells could hardly be seen In the control group, although most neurons were also normal but there were apoptosis cells in early, middle and late stage and even necrosis cells The rate of apoptosis was 9 51%, which was significantly different from that in the treated group Conclusions Prenatal hypoxia adaptation has protective effect on the brain of newborn rat

Purpose:To investigate the effect of replication defective retroviral vectors carried sense or antisense TGF?1 fragment on the cell cycle regulation and proliferation of human bladder cancer. Methods:The replication defective retroviral vectors that integrated sense or antisense bioactive fragment of transforming growth factor?1 were constructed,and named as pRevT? and pRevT?-AS respectively. The influence of each vector on the cell proliferation,clone-formation and alteration of cell cycle of bladder cancer cell line EJ were observed in vitro.Results:The titre of pRevT? and pRevT?-AS were 0.84,0.88?10 5 CFU/ml respectively,the vectors integrated to EJ cells and expressed efficiently. Inhibition TGF?1 gene expression reduced proliferation and clone-formation rates of EJ cells. The G 0 /G 1 stage ratios in the antisense TGF?1-transfected EJ cells were increased,simultaneously,the S stage ratios were decreased. Conclusions:The antisense TGF?1 vector can reduce the expression of endogenous TGF?1 in EJ cells,induce G 1 stage arrest and inhibit proliferative growth in vitro.

Objective To explore a preliminary health behavior self-efficacy scale for functional dyspepsia patients,and supply a practical evaluation tool for clinical nurses.Methods Through literature review,group discussion and expert interview,the authors established the preliminary index system.The Delphi method was used to organize two rounds of 20 experts consultations.Results In the two rounds of expert consultations,experts positive coefficients were 100％,respectively.The authoritative coefficient of experts was 0.83,respectively.The Kendall's W coefficients were 0.23 and 0.29.The evaluation system included 5 dimensions,11 evaluation indicators,and 42 evaluation items.Conclusions The reliability of the self-efficacy scale developed with Delphi method is relatively high and it can acted as an evaluation tool for self-efficacy and health education of patients with functional dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND: The central position of dendritic cells (DCs) has aroused increasing attention due to strong antigen presentation capability in anti-tumor. However, how to obtain enough functional DCs and reports regarding immunomodulator with low toxicity are few. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mycobacterium phlei F.U.36 (Utilins) on the proliferation and maturity of DCs derived from human umbilical cord blood in vitro.METHODS: The mononuclear cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood using Ficoll-Hypaque method and cultured with Utilins, cytokine (human recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colonystimulating factor + recombinant human tumor necrosisfactor-α + recombinant human interleukin-4), or combination cytokine + Utilins, respectively. In addition, cells cultured with RPMI-1640 served as controls. Morphological features and growth of DCs were observed by an inverted microscope. Thephenotype changes of DCs, such CD1a and HLA-DR, were detected by flow cytometry at 9 days after culture. Moreover, DCs were stained by Wright-Giemsa and observed under oil lens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Typical DCs with high expressions of CD1a and HLA-DR were obviously detected in all experimental groups except the control group. The positive rates of CD1a and HLA-DR in the Utilins group were higher than those in the control group, but lower than the cytokine group (P < 0.05). The HLA-DR positive rate of the combination group was higher than that of the cytokine group (P < 0.05). The results revealed that, Utilins can not only promote the proliferation of DCs derived from human umbilical cord blood in vitro but also cooperate with cytokines to induce the maturity of DCs.

Objective: To evaluate 2D CDUS ultrasound in estimating lesions of carotid and femoral arteries in diabetes mellitus. Methods: Forty patients were divided into 3 groups by age. We detected their carotid and femoral arteries using two dimensional and PW Doppler ultrasonography. The lesions degree were assessed according to U B 6 classification. Results: Higher incidence and more serious degree of arteries lesions occurred in diabetes mellitus than those in control group ( P 40 years old than in group ≤40 years old in diabetes mellitus ( P

Objective To evaluate the reliability and clinical application of measuring blood glucose and urea with electrodes and end reaction methods. Method Using the electrodes and end reaction methods, blood glucose and urea were measured respectively. The results and the relativity between the two methods were compared. Result Comparing the two methods for GLU and UREA, the correlative factors were 0.990 1 and 0.989 1 respectively. They had fairly good comparability. The linear ranges of their regression equations met the clinical needs. With favorable accuracy, the correlative factors were above 0.997 9. Conclusion The electrodes method was rapid and accurate, which was suitable for emergency tests. The ending reaction methods was fairly stable and has less interfering factors, which was fit for the routine use.

Objective To investigate the value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in evaluating cystic renal mass. Methods According to the imaging diagnosing standard, 29 cystic renal mass lesions were studied with contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS), unenhanced ultrasonography (US), contrast enhanced CT(CECT) and then correlated their results with final histopathological results. The data were tested by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results The area under ROC curve of CEUS and US was 0. 721, 0. 997, respectively. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0. 003). The area under ROC curve of CEUS and CECT was 0. 997, 0. 997,respectively. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P= 1. 000). Conclusions CEUS is better than US and similar to CECT in evaluating cystic renal mass. CEUS with the Bosniak classification is useful for evaluating cystic renal mass.