The severity of carotid atherosclerosis and the levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)increase with the severity of apnea,and that MMP-9 plays an important role in the progression of carotid atherosclerosis.This article reviews the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and serum MMP-9 so as to analyze the possible mechanism of developing carotid atherosclerosis in patients with OSAS.

Objective To understand the expression of heat shock protein(HSP70) mRNA induced by avermectins in the hepatic tissue of rats.Methods Wistar rats aged 6 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups,12 in each including 6 male and 6 female.The rats in the experimental groups were treated with avermectins by gavage once a day at the doses of 2.5,1.25 and 0.625 mg/kg respectively for 14 consecutive days,one group was the negative control.The general state was concerned and after the exposure,the content of total protein(TP) in the serum was determined,the hepatic tissue was sampled to examine the expression of HSP70 mRNA by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results The content of TP in the serum in the 2.5 mg/kg group was lower than that in the control group(P

[Objective] To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) in children aged from 12 to 18 months. [Methods]A total of 59 patients (72 hips with developmental dislocation) were treated surgically from 2004 to 2006.In them, 53 hips received open reduction and Salter innominate osteotomy, 19 hips received open reduction and Pemberton transiliac osteotomy.[Results]All patients had been followed up for 50 months in average after operation. According to the modified McKay clinical criteria,Severin radiographic classification and Salter AVN diagnostic criteria,the excellent to good rate for Severin classification and modified McKay criteria were 94.4%、93% respectively.Avascular necrosis of the femoral head occured in 2 hips(2.8%).[Conclusion]Surgical treatment without preoperative traction is feasible for the management of DDH in children aged from 12 to 18 months.

Objective To study the change law between deficiency of kidney-Yang and stagnation of blood, and supply a study evidence for the therapy method of invigorate the kidney and promoting blood flow. Method 37 Wistar rats which were made of the model of deficiency of kidney-Yang, were randomly divided into three groups:control group, model group and treatment group. Changes including appearance, general objective sign, organ weight, microcirculation and blood rheology were recorded. Result Phenomenons, including rare fur, depression, lazy, duck stools and purpl dim in micrangium micrangium, occurred in model group. The weight of adrenal body and seminal vesicle and the contents of serum andrusol in model group were lower than those in control group. And in model group, significant increasing TC and LDL-C and decreasing HCL-C were observed. Conclusion Deficiency of kidney-Yang is associated with stagnation of blood, and the time delay of stagnation of blood can lead deficiency of kidney-Yang.

Objective To confirm the expression and localization of COX-2 gene in mature rat testis,as COX-2 not only plays a central role in inflammation by up-regulating the synthesis of prostaglandins,but also mediates critical reproductive functions by other mechanisms. Methods In the mature Wistar rats,COX-2 expression and its localization were examined by using immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results The results of RT-PCR and Western-blot showed that COX-2 mRNA and its protein exist in the testis. Expression of COX-2 was localized in spermatogenic cells on immunohistochemical study.No COX-2 expression in sertoli cells and leydig cells was found. Conclusions The present study confirmed the expression of COX-2 in rat testis and its localization in spermatogenic cells.These suggest that COX-2 may play a role in spermatogenesis.

Objective To compare the effects of autologous blood transfusion and allogenic blood transfusion on the patients undergoing selective operation of intervertebral fusion with cage. Methods Forty patients who underwent selective operation of intervertebral fusion with cage in the De?partment of Orthopedics of our hospital from September 2012 to June 2014 were recruited for the study,including 20 cases that received autologous blood transfusion only(group A)and 20 cases that received allogenic blood transfusion only(group B). Preoperative and postoperative results of blood routine examination,body temperature,postoperative recovery indicators and expense of blood transfusion were compared between the two groups. Results The postoperative erythrocyte and hemoglobin of the patients in group A were significantly higher than those in group B(P<0.05). When the amount of blood used during the operation reaches or exceeds 4 units,the expense of autologous blood transfusion was lower than that of allogenic blood transfusion. Conclusion Autologous blood transfusion contributes to higher levels of postoperative erythrocyte and hemoglo?bin. When a large amount of blood is used during an operation,autotransfusion can help to reduce the expense of blood transfusion.

Objective: To optimize and evaluate the modified RNA-tailing and primer-extension RT-PCR method in relative quantification of microRNAs (miRNAs) in several kinds of tissues. Methods: Small-sized RNAs (

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the technology of separation and purification of active constituents from Morus alba L. METHODS:With the adsorption rate and desorption rate as the indexes,static and dynamic macroporous resin adsorption-desorp-tion methods were adopted to optimize the type of macroporous resin,the loading amount of fluid,the volume fraction and amount of eluent in the separation and purification technology of total flavonids. With the yield and content of polysaccharide as the index-es,water extraction and alcohol precipitation method was used to optimize the volume fraction of alcohol for polysaccharide precipi-tation in the separation and purification technology of total polysaccharides. With the absorbance of total alkaloids as the index,ion exchange method was employed to optimize the loading amount of fluid and the amount of eluent in the separation and purification technology of total alkaloids. Then the verification was conducted. RESULTS:The optimal technology of total flavonids from Morus alba L. was with D101 macroporous resin as the adsorbent,loading fluid mass concentration of 0.1 g(material medicinal)/ml,loading fluid amount 9 times as the column volume(BV),70% alcohol of 5 BV for elution. The optimal volume fraction of alcohol for polysaccharide precipitation in the technology of total polysaccharides was 80%. The optimal technology of total alka-loids was with loading fluid amount of 3 BV,0.5 mol/L ammonia water of 8 BV for elution. After separation and purification,the purities of total flavonids,total polysaccharides and total alkaloids from Morus alba L. were 35.68%,47.14% and 55.79%,and the RSDs were 1.28%,1.61% and 1.14%(n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimal technology is stable and suitable for the separa-tion and purification of active constituents from M. alba L.

Objective To study the therapeutic value of a second ERCP for the patients with failure of pre-cut ERCP.Methods A total of 167 cases of pre-cut ERCP failure were recruited to the study,among which 109 cases were diagnosed as common bile duct stones and/or benign papillary stenosis,and 58 cases as biliopancreatic lesion.ERCP failed with standard intubation for more than 20 minutes,even with pre-cut or fenestration.A second ERCP was preformed after rest of 3-5 days.The position sequence of intubation for most patients was horizontal,the front and rear.Results The success rate was 79.6％ (133 cases) for the patients with a second ERCP,85 patients received the procedures via the horizontal intubation,36 via anterior,and 12 via posterior intubation.The treatments were performed after successful completion of the endoscopic cannulation.One patient had retroperitoneal infection with duodenal perforation,another patient had severe pancreatitis,who were cured by the intervention methods.Conclusion The success rate of a second ERCP is high with proficient intubation skills.

Objective 5-azacytidine could induce the diffcrentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes (CMs). The aim of this study was to screen the optimal condition for 5-azacytidine inducing differentiation of human mesenchumal stem cells (hMSCs) into CMs, and the effect of 5-azacytidine on adherence, cell vigor and chromosome karyotype ofhMSCs. Methods hMSCs were isolated from human bone marrow and cultured in vitro. The phenotypes ofhMSCs were identified by flow cytometric analyses. MTT test was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of 5-azacytidine on proliferation ofhMSCs. Four weeks after 5-azacytidine induction, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), single-cell action potentials, detection ofcardio-cnzyme AST and LDH, cell adherence, cell viability and chromosome karyotype test were performed. Results The typical morphological features of hMSCs were fibroblast-like in shape, hMSCs expressed CD44 and CD105,and did not express CD34, CD45 and CD31. The optimal concentration of 5-azacytidine was 10μmol/L. The shape ofhMSCs treated with 5-Azacytidine changed from fusiform to polygon or astrocyte gradually, and passaged cells were evenly arranged as polarity structure. Induced-hMSCs connected with neighbouring cells, forming myotube-like structures 4 weeks later. It was confirmed that induced hMSCs shaped myotubule-like structure and had some of micro-histologic structures of CMs by TEM. RT-PCR showed that induced hMSCs expressed cardiac specific product BNNP and early cardio-myogenesis specific transcription factor NKX2.5mRNA. Besides, induced-MSCs led to the weak action potential and secreted cardio-enzyme AST and LDH. There was no significant difference in cell adherence and viability before and after induction. Both hMSCs and induced-hNSCs kept stable normal diploid nucleus. Conclusion The optimal condition for inducing effect of 5-azacytidine is 10 μ mol/L and 24-hour incubation; and under this condition, the adherence, vigor and chromosome karyotype ofhMSCs would not be affected.