OBJECTIVE To discuss the risk factors of hosocomial infection and nursing care in order to prevent and control its occurrence. METHODS The risk factors of nosocomial infections were investigated. RESULTS The passing rate of nosocomial infection monitoring has been significantly improved. Nosocomial infection rate decreased from 5.23% in 2001 dropped to 2.12% in 2007. CONCLUSIONS Only increaseing nosocomial infection understanding among the nursing staff,strengthening accountability,strict aseptic technique rules and self-protection,can avoid and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Zhenqing Capsule (ZQC), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in treating type 1 diabetic rats with peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: Type 1 diabetes was induced by caudal vein injection of high-dose streptozotocin in 30 male Wistar rats. The thirty diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: ZQC-treated group, untreated group and aminoguanidine-treated group. Another group of 10 rats was taken as normal control. After 10-week treatment, the changes of body weight and fasting plasma glucose level were measured, and the serum MDA level and the changes of neurological electrophysiology were analyzed. The samples of sciatic nerve in diabetic rats were taken for morphological observation. RESULTS: The MDA level in type 1 diabetic rats was notably reduced in ZQC-treated group as compared with the untreated group (P<0.01). Compared with the untreated group, ZQC could improve the electrophysiology of sciatic nerve including conduction velocity (P<0.05), latency (P<0.01) and wave amplitude (P<0.05). The nerve myelin staining results showed that segmental demyelination of the nerve fibers in ZQC-treated group was not as serious as that in the untreated group. CONCLUSION: ZQC can obviously ameliorate the neurological electrophysiological function and the pathological changes of peripheral nerve in type 1 diabetic rats through the removal of free radical and resistance of lipid peroxidation.

Objective The purpose of this study was to access the efficacy of Venlafaxine and Reboxitine on treatment of depressive patients who had not responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for eight weeks. Methods 117 cases depressive patients who had not responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for eight weeks were divided into three Venlafaxine group(n =41),Reboxitine group(n =39),Original medicine group(n =37) by randomly and were treated by corresponding drugs for 8 weeks. The therapeutic response and safety were evaluated by scale of HAMD and TESS at before and after treatment the end of 1,2,4,8 week. Results The score of HAMD in Venlafaxine and Reboxitine groups were significantly lower than Original medicine group at the end of 4,8 weeks after treatment and the score of HAMD in Venlafaxine group were significantly lower than Reboxitine group at the end of 8 weeks after treatment. The score of HAMD in Venlafaxine and Original medicine groups were marked descendanter than before treatment from after treatment second weekend(P <0.01),while reboxitine group did not marked descent until the 4th weekend after treatment. The reduce score of factors in cognition,retardition and desperation of Venlafaxine and Reboxitine groups were significantly higher than Original medicine group at the end of treatment. The curative effect of Venlafaxine group were supper than Original medicine group. The side reaction of three groups were not difference. Conclusions There are obviously curative effect using Venlafaxine to treat the depressive patients who had not responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The time of initial effect in Venlafaxine were rapider than Reboxitine group.

Objective To explore the application of comfort care in loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in treatment of chronic cervicitis.Methods 130 patients who used LEEP to treat chronic cervicitis were collected from June to December 2011 in our Hospital,then they were randomly divided into the observation group (68 cases) and the control group (62 cases).The observation group used comfort care and the control group used general nursing.The effects of care,operation time,bleeding volume,anxiety and pain degree of the two groups were compared.Results The effect of care in the observation group was superior to the control group.Compared with the control group,the operation time was shortened,the amount of bleeding was decreased,the degree of anxiety and pain was obviously relieved.Conclusions Comfort care can improve the degree of comfort of the patients who used LEEP to treat chronic cervicitis,and is conducive to the rehabilitation of the disease.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum homocysteine(Hcy) levels and behavioral and psychological symptoms dementia (BPSD) in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia (VaD).Methods Two hundred and ninety-three patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia (aged 40 or over) admitted to the department of neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College from January 2012 to January 2015.Patients were diagnosed with dementia by NINDS-AIREN criteria,MMSE scores ≤26,Hachinski ischemic scale(≥4) and clinical dementia rating(1≤ C DR ≤ 2).VaD patients were divided into high Hcy(HHcy) group (Hcy≥ 15 μ,mol/L,n=188) and control group(Hcy＜15 μmol/L,n=105).The total scores and the scores of 12 functional domains of behavioral and psychological symptoms in NPI were analyzed by using comparative statistical methods.Results Prevalence of high homocysteine was 64.16％ (n=188) among mild to moderate VaD (n=293).The incidence of BPSD in HHcy group(80.9％) was significantly higher than that in the control group (57.1％),the difference was statistically significant (x2=18.932,P＜0.01).HHcy patients (27.95±5.04) had a significantly higher total score of NPI compared with control patients (16.87± 1.87),the difference was statistically significant (t=3.753,P＜0.01).In terms of scores in 12 functional domains in NPI,the scores in sleep disorders (2.99± 1.40),high (2.10±0.53),irritability/mood swings (2.64± 1.43),abnormal behavior (1.74±0.52),disinhibition (1.40±0.43),agitation (2.02±0.74) were higher than those in control groups (1.85±0.37,0.21±0.05,1.80 ±0.56,0.36±0.09,0.45±0.07,0.68±0.23),all the difference were significant(t=2.327,t=2.012,t=2.136,t=2.066,t=2.050,t=2.007,all P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that there were positive correlation between scores of NPI and plasma Hcy levels (OR=1.164,95％ CI:1.052-1.288,P=0.003).Compared with HHcy group and control group,there were no statistical significance in regard to infarcted brain focus including the frontal lobe,parietal lobe,temporal lobe,occipital lobe,basal ganglia,brain stem and cerebellum (x2=0.528,x2=0.043,x2=0.630,x2=0.166,x2=0.657,x2=1.010,x2=0.019,allP＞0.05).Conclusion High homocysteine levels are correlated with behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with mild to moderate VaD,including performance of sleep disorders,high,irritability/mood swings,abnormal behavior,disinhibition and agitation.Moreover,the severity of BPSD is positively associated with homocysteine levels.The higher the homocysteine level,the more severe the BPSD.The serum homocysteine levels are no correlated with infarcted brain focus.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of single traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) herb extracts on hepatoma and normal fibroblast cells using high-throughput screening in order to obtain extracts with specific anti-hepatoma effect. METHODS 242 commonly used TCM herbs were extracted by petroleum ether,ethanol and water,respectively. The total number of TCM extracts was 554. The cyto?toxicity of samples was evaluated by MTT in human hepatoma cells Bel7402 and mice normal fibroblasts NIH3T3. RESULTS 7.4%of the total extracts had an inhibitory effect greater than 50%for Bel7402,but 14.8% for fibroblasts NIH3T3 cells. Extracts with an inhibitory effect above 50% on both Bel7402 and NIH3T3 cells accounted for 4.4%of the total extracts. Our results showed that the sample DF173 had preferable cytotoxicity effect on hepatoma carcinoma cells in a good dose-effect relationship. DF173 is an ethanol extract from Stephania tetrandra,which is a commonly used herb in TCM. The cytotoxic IC50 of DF173 against Bel7402 was 8.27 mg·L-1,and 19.48 mg·L-1 on NIH3T3. CONCLUSION The components of TCM herbs are highly complicated. The combination of tumor cells with normal fibroblast cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect during anti-tumor drug screening will contribute much to the discovery of TCM drugs with high anti-tumor efficiency and lower toxicity.

Background: and Purpose The electrophysiologic characteristics of peripheral neuropathy secondary to nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse remain unclear. The paper therefore aimed to summarize the electrophysiologic characteristics of N2O-associated peripheral neuropathy and identify the risk factors of severe nerve injury. Methods: The electrophysiologic results and clinical data of patients with peripheral neuropathy secondary to N2O abuse at our hospital between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively, and their electrophysiologic changes were summarized. Results: Most patients exhibited decreased sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities (75% and 76%), decreased sensory nerve and compound motor action potentials (57% and 59%), and prolonged distal motor latency (59%), while a response was absent in 36%. These findings indicate that N2O abuse can result in generalized injury to sensory and motor nerves. Electrophysiologic results indicated axonal neuropathy in 37 cases (49%), demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in 4 (5%), and mixed neuropathy in 12 (16%). Peripheral nerve injury was more common in the lower limbs (72%) than in the upper limbs (42%, p<0.0001). The upper and lower limbs were primarily affected by sensory nerve demyelination (35%) and motor axonal injury (67%), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that longer N2O exposure and longer disease course were associated with more-severe motor axonal injury in the lower limbs. Conclusions N2O-associated peripheral neuropathy can lead to sensory and motor nerve injury, with axonal injury being the most common. Injuries were more severe in the lower limbs. Prolonged N2O exposure and disease course increased the severity of motor axonal injury in the lower limbs.

Ischemic stroke has the characteristics of high disability,high mortality,and high recurrence rate,and the abundant collateral circulation is an independent predictor of good outcomes in stroke.This article mainly elaborates the cytological and molecular mechanisms of vascular remodeling process after ischemic stroke in order to provide new ideas and targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are one of the main imaging biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). With the development of neuroimaging technology, the WMH penumbra (WMH-P) has gradually become a research hotspot. WMH-P refers to the area of brain tissue microstructural integrity destruction or reduced blood flow perfusion around WMH lesions, which is not visible on conventional MRI sequences. It is not only a risk factor for the progression of WMHs, but also associated with clinical symptoms such as cognitive impairment and gait abnormalities in patients with CSVD, and is considered a new potential and reversible therapeutic target.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) stands as one of the most prevalent brain injuries during the neonatal stage,a condition whose salient clinical symptom includes seizures.The extent of the seizure burden is intimately tied to the gravity of the brain injury.Continuous video electroencephalogram (vEEG) monitoring is the gold standard in diagnosing neonatal seizures.It plays a pivotal role in identifying neonatal seizures and distinguishing them from non-seizure motor phenomena,thereby ensuring a precise diagnosis.The classification of seizures in neonate with HIE is dichotomized into electrical-clinical seizures and electrical-only seizures,based on the presence or absence of clinical manifestations.Among these,electrical seizures are the most prevalent type.The American Clinical Neurophysiological Society advocates for a minimum of 24-hour EEG monitoring for infants with HIE to guarantee prompt and efficient treatment.Antiseizure medication(ASM) is a crucial therapy for neonatal HIE seizure episodes,underscoring the importance of administering it promptly to children with neonatal seizures.When utilizing ASM,it is imperative to implement continuous vEEG monitoring to fine-tune the dosage and medication duration,thus shortening patient stays and diminishing the necessity for ASM upon discharge.