Objective 5-azacytidine could induce the diffcrentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes (CMs). The aim of this study was to screen the optimal condition for 5-azacytidine inducing differentiation of human mesenchumal stem cells (hMSCs) into CMs, and the effect of 5-azacytidine on adherence, cell vigor and chromosome karyotype ofhMSCs. Methods hMSCs were isolated from human bone marrow and cultured in vitro. The phenotypes ofhMSCs were identified by flow cytometric analyses. MTT test was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of 5-azacytidine on proliferation ofhMSCs. Four weeks after 5-azacytidine induction, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), single-cell action potentials, detection ofcardio-cnzyme AST and LDH, cell adherence, cell viability and chromosome karyotype test were performed. Results The typical morphological features of hMSCs were fibroblast-like in shape, hMSCs expressed CD44 and CD105,and did not express CD34, CD45 and CD31. The optimal concentration of 5-azacytidine was 10μmol/L. The shape ofhMSCs treated with 5-Azacytidine changed from fusiform to polygon or astrocyte gradually, and passaged cells were evenly arranged as polarity structure. Induced-hMSCs connected with neighbouring cells, forming myotube-like structures 4 weeks later. It was confirmed that induced hMSCs shaped myotubule-like structure and had some of micro-histologic structures of CMs by TEM. RT-PCR showed that induced hMSCs expressed cardiac specific product BNNP and early cardio-myogenesis specific transcription factor NKX2.5mRNA. Besides, induced-MSCs led to the weak action potential and secreted cardio-enzyme AST and LDH. There was no significant difference in cell adherence and viability before and after induction. Both hMSCs and induced-hNSCs kept stable normal diploid nucleus. Conclusion The optimal condition for inducing effect of 5-azacytidine is 10 μ mol/L and 24-hour incubation; and under this condition, the adherence, vigor and chromosome karyotype ofhMSCs would not be affected.

95% purity were treated for 24 h with 1,5,10 and 20 ?mol/L 5-azacytidine to induce cellular differentiation.Expression of the cardiac-specific marker-troponin Ⅰ and desmin,identified by immunohistochemistry,was used to identify cardiac muscle differentiation.Results:hMSCs expressed a high level of CD44(hMSCs 93.26%?2.48% vs 3.42%?1.09% in a control group,P

Objective To isolate and cultivate hepatic stem cells(HSCs) from rat fetal liver in vitro and identify their biological features.Methods Collagenase perfusion method and mechanical cutting method were used to isolate HSCs from rat fetal liver which were then cultivated by H-DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum.The cell surface antigen expression of HSCs was observed with immunocytochemical method under confocal laser scanning microscope.Results The isolated HSCs from rat fetal liver grew to monolayer 5 d after cultivation in vitro.They presented pykno-round cells and distinct borderline under the light microscope.After 8 d the cells grew like epithelium.These cells expressed AFP antigen,CK 18 and CK19.Conclusion The cultivated cells are proved to be HSCs and can proliferate quickly in vitro.

Objective To explore the relationship among boredom proneness,core self-evaluation and aggression in medical students and to provide clues and evidence for preventing aggression and their relevant interventions.Methods The Boredom Proneness Scale for College Students(C-BPQ),Chinese Version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-CV)and Core Self-evaluations Scale were employed to investigate 1667 medical students in one medical university in Ningxia.Results There were significant differences between high and low boredom proneness groups in core self-evaluations,total aggression score and each factors (core self-evaluations:(29.67±5.10) vs (41.67±4.64),AQ-CV scores:(36.43±17.18) vs (17.58±12.45),physical aggression:(31.62 ±20.46) vs (17.02 ±15.28),verbal aggression:(37.44±19.03) vs (24.68±17.14),anger:(40.93±22.32) vs (18.85±16.86),hostility:(37.34± 19.41) vs (14.86± 13.57),self-aggression:(35.47 ±21.66) vs (13.57± 14.28),all P＜0.001).There were positive correlation among total score of boredom proneness,internal and external stimuli dimensions,total score of AQ-CV and each factors (P＜0.001) and negative correlation between total score of boredom proneness and core self-evaluation(P＜0.001).There were negative correlation among core self-evaluation score,AQ-CV scores and each factor(P＜0.001).Regression analysis showed that boredom proneness and core self-evaluation could predict the aggression to a certain extent (P＜0.01).Core self-evaluation played a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression taking 48.25％ proportion of the total effect of the mediation.Conclusion Boredom proneness is closely related to aggressive behavior.Core self-evaluation plays a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression.

Objective The purpose of this article was to investigate the diagnostic value of CT and MRI in preoperative local staging for rectal cancer patients. Methods Forty rectal cancer patients were enrolled,and their preoperative CT and MRI staging and pathological staging in T and N were compared. Results The total diagnostic accordance rate of CT staging in T was 57.5%(31/40),among which the accordance rate of T1-2,T3 and T4 was 87.5%(35/40),83.25%(33/40) and 70%(28/40),respectively. The total diagnostic accordance rate of MRI staging in T was 77.5%(31/40), among which the accordance rate of T1-2, T3 and T4 was 92.5%(37/40), 77.5%(31/40) and 85%(34/40),respectively. The differences were tested by Chi-square test,and there were no significant differences between the two groups in T staging. The sensitivity of T staging by CT was 77.78%(7/9) for T1-2, 75% (12/16) for T3 and 93.33% (14/15) for T4. Compared with CT, the sensitivity of MRI was 66.67%(6/9) for T1-2, 81.25%(13/16) for T3 and 80%(12/15) for T4, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The specificity of T staging by CT was 90.32% (28/31) for T1-2, 45.83%(11/24) for T3 and 96%(24/25) for T4. Compared with CT, the specificity of MRI was 100% (31/31) for T1-2, 75% (18/24) for T3 and 88%(22/25) for T4, and there was a significant difference in T3 specificity ( <0.05) . The total diagnostic accordance rate of CT staging in N was 82.5% (33/40),among which the rate of N- and N+was 82.5%(33/40) and 82.5%(33/40), respectively. The total diagnostic accordance rate of MRI staging in N was 62.5%(25/40),among which the rate of N- and N+was 62.5% (25/40) and 62.5%(25/40), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups in pelvic N staging ( < 0.05) . The sensitivity of N staging by CT was 75.00%for N- (18/24) and 81.25%(13/16) for N+. Compared with CT,the sensitivity of MRI was 75.00%(18/24) for N- and 43.75%(7/16) for N+,and there were significant differences between the two groups ( <0.05) . The specificity of N staging by CT was 81.25% (13/16) for N- and 83.33%(20/24) for N+. Compared with CT, the specificity of MRI was 43.75% (7/16) for N- and 75.00%(18/24) for N+, and there were significant differences between the two groups ( <0.05) . Conclusion MRI has a high reliability in diagnosing rectal cancer with penetrating through the muscularis propria into the placenta percreta or not, but CT is superior in diagnosing the lymphonodus metastasis.

Objective To explore the reasons of abnormal decannulation in patients with malignant tumor undergoing chemotherapy during peripherally inserted central catheter ( PICC ) period. Methods A prospective study was conducted among 291 cancer patients who used PICC for chemotherapy in Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2012 to June 2014. The occurrence of complications during PICC period and the reasons of abnormal decannulation in patients were investigated and collected. The time of follow-up was one year. Results Among 291 patients, there were 72 cases ( 24. 74%) of PICC complications and 44 cases (15.12%) of abnormal decannulation, among which, there were 12 cases (4.12%) of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis ( UEDVT ) , 5 cases ( 1. 72%) of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), with an infection rate of 0.95 per 1 000 catheter days, 9 cases (3.09%) of exit-site infection, with an infection rate of 1.46 per 1 000 catheter days, 11 cases (3.78%) of catheter prolapse and 7 cases (2.41%) of occlusion. Single factor analysis showed that, the history of deep venous thrombosis ( DVT) and the types of chemotherapeutics could influence the incidence rate of abnormal decannulation of patients with PICC. Conclusions The incidence rate of abnormal decannulation in patients with malignant tumor undergoing chemotherapy during PICC is 15%. UEDVT is the main reason of abnormal decannulation of PICC, and the chemotherapeutics infusion is independent risk factor of abnormal decannulation.

Objective To explore the relation between coping style and critical thinking among nursing students in order to provide the powerful evidence for instructing nursing students to take the correct coping style so as to improve their critical thinking .Methods Sixty-three nursing students in Grade 2010 in School of Nursing, Jilin University were surveyed by critical thinking disposition inventory ( CTDI-CV) and simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ).Results The average score of CTDI-CV was (278.35 ±33.14) in the nursing students, and the percent of students with less than 280 was 58.73%, and the percent of students with 280 to 350 was 36.51%, and the percent of students with more than 350 was 4.76%.The score of positive coping styles in the nursing students was (1.86 ±0.626), and was higher than that of the national norm , and the difference was not statistically significant (t =0.207,P>0.05).The score of negative coping styles in the nursing students was (1.18 ±0.566), and was lower than that of the national norm , and the difference was statistically significant (t=-5.745,P <0.01).Nursing undergraduates positive coping style was positively correlated with CTDI-CV scores ( P<0.05), negative coping styles and negatively correlated with CTDI-CV scores (P<0.01).Negative coping style and the critical mind all dimensions are in different degree of negative correlation, positive coping styles and open mind , systematic ability, self-confidence were positively correlated (P<0.01).Conclusions Developing positive coping styles in the nursing students can improve their critical thinking .

Objective: To investigate the immunity to mumps after administrating measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) among children aged 2-7 years old in Jiangsu province in 2015. Methods: A total of 4 190 healthy children aged 2-7 years old, living in local places for at least 3 months, and having been vaccinated at least 1 dose MMR were recruited to the study from Wujin district of Changzhou city, Gaogang district of Taizhou city and Ganyu district of Lianyungang city by using stratified cluster random sampling method between September and November, 2015. Those who did not accept MMR vaccination, who refused venous blood collection, who had affected mumps according to the memory of parents or teachers and who were diagnosed serious disease by clinical doctors were excluded from study. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the subjects and their MMR immunization history; and 0.5-2.0 ml of venous blood was collected from each subject. ELISA was used to detect the mumps antibody level in the serum of patients. Positive was defined as the antibody level ≥108 mU/ml, and negative as <108 mU/ml. χ² test was used to compare the difference in positive rates among subjects; and analysis of variance was used to compare the GMC changes in different time points after MMR vaccination. Results: Among 4 190 children, 2 280 were males (54.42%) and 1 910 were females(45.58%), and the positive rate of IgG antibody was 81.38% (3 344). There were 3 156 (95.18%) children vaccinated with one dose MMR, 187 (4.80%) children with two dose MMR, and 1 (0.02%) child with three dose MMR. The difference in positive rate of IgG antibody among different aged subjects showed statistical significance (χ²=58.61, P<0.001), the highest positive rate was in group of subjects aged 4-5 years old, at 89.43% (406/454), while the lowest positive rate was found among subjects aged 6-7 years old, at 75.63% (1 648/2 179). The positive rate after one dose of MMR vaccination was 79.14% (3 156/3 988), significantly less than it after two doses (93.03%, 187/201) (χ²=22.93, P<0.001). The GMC level at years<1, 1-<2, 2-<3, 3-<4, ≥4 following one dose MMR in the 3 988 children was 152.47, 227.78, 167.08, 126.91, 79.43 mU/ml, whose difference was statistically significant (F=51.29, P<0.001). Conclusion The sero-prevalence of IgG antibody in the children aged 2-7 years old in Jiangsu province was high. The positive rate among who received two doses MMR was significantly higher than it among who received just one dose, and the GMC level waned with times.

Objective:To investigate the effects of bisphenol A(BPA)on the proliferation activity and stemness characteristics of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells(eMSCs),and to elucidate the improvement effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived supernatant(hUCMSC-Sup)on the cell injury.Methods:The eMSCs were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of BPA(0,200,250,300,350,and 400 μmol·L-1).The eMSCs were divided into control group(only cultured with culture solution),BPA group(cultured with isovolumetric culture solution including 200 μmol·L-1 BPA),BPA+hUCMSC-Sup group(cultured with isovolumetric culture solution including 200 μmol·L-1 BPA and 50%volumetric ratio of hUCMSC-Sup),and BPA+CHIR-99021 group(cultured with isovolumetric culture solution including 200 μmol·L-1 BPA and 10 μmol·L-1 CHIR-99021).The survival rates of eMSCs in various groups were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.The numbers and diameters of the spheroids in various groups were detected by spheroids formation assay,the proliferation activities of the cells in eMSCs stem cell spheroids in various groups were detected by CCK-8 assay;the percentage of CD73+cells in eMSCs in various groups were detected by flow cytometry;the expression levels of sex determining region Y-box 2(Sox2),octamer-binding transcription factor 4(Oct4),and Nanog mRNA in the eMSCs in various groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method,the expression levels of β-catenin protein in the eMSCs in various groups were detected by Western blotting method.Results:The MTT results showed that after treated with BPA for 24 and 48 h,compared with 0 μmol·L-1 BPA group,the survival rates of eMSCs in 200,250,300,350,and 400 μmol·L-1 BPA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01).At 24 and 48 h after treatment,compared with control group,the survival rate of the eMSCs in BPA group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);at 48 h after treatment,compared with BPA group,the survival rate of the eMSCs in BPA+hUCMSC-Sup group was significantly inereased(P<0.05).The spheroids formation assay results showed that compared with culture 3 d group,the numbers and diameters of stem cell spheroids of the eMSCs in culture 4 d group and culture 5 d group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with control group,after 48 h of culture,the number and diameter of the cells in eMSCs stem cell spheroids in BPA group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The CCK-8 results showed that after 24 and 48 h of treatment,compared with control group,the proliferation activity of the cells in eMSCs stem cell spheroids in BPA group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with BPA group,the proliferation activity of the cells in eMSCs stem cell spheroids in BPA+hUCMSC-Sup group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group,the percentage of the CD73+cells in the eMSCs in BPA group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with BPA group,the percentage of the CD73+cells in eMSCs in BPA+hUCMSC-Sup group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of Sox2,Oct4,and Nanog mRNA in the cells in BPA group were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with BPA group,the expression levels of Sox2,Oct4,and Nanog mRNA in the cells in BPA+hUCMSC-Sup group and BPA+CHIR-99021 group were significantly increased(P<0.01).The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression level of β-catenin protein in the eMSCs in BPA group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with BPA group,the expression levels of β-catenin protein in the eMSCs in BPA+hUCMSC-Sup group and BPA+CHIR-99021 group were signifrcantly inereased(P<0.01).Conclusion:BPA can inhibit the stemness characteristics of the eMSCs,and injury the self-renewal and repair of endometrium;its mechanism may be related to down-regulating the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway in the cells.hUCMSC-Sup can promote the proliferation of injured eMSCs,and has improvement effect on the stemness injury induced by BPA.

Objective To retrieve and evaluate the evidences for fall prevention in elderly inpatients, and to summary the best evidence. MethodsGuidelines, evidence summaries and systematic reviews related to fall prevention of elderly patients were retrieved in guideline websites and databases by computer from building database to 31st December 2018. Literatures' quality evaluation and evidence grading were carried out with the Chinese version of appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluationⅡ (AGREEⅡ), "2016 Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool on validity evaluation of systematic reviews" and "2014 Joanna Briggs Institute quality level of evidence and grade of recommendation system". ResultsA total of 6 documents were included with 3 guidelines and 3 systematic reviews. Based on evaluation and results extracted, 14 items of the best evidences on fall prevention were summarized in two parts including assessment and prevention, and in 6 aspects involving the medication, facility, environment, functional training, informational support and multifactorial intervention. ConclusionsMedical staff should guide patients to take standardized fall preventive measures to guarantee the safety of patients based on evidence-based medicine.