Papers on big data studies in domestic libraries were analyzed with g index and cluster analysis method with CNKI as the data source,which showed the following hotspots in studies on big data,namely innovative service, subject service and literature resource development , big data storage , big data process , big data mining and analy-sis, big data processing technology and tools.The problems waiting to be solved were pointed out.

Objective To explore the application of transanal drainage tube in decompression of acute left- sided colorectum obstruction and its nursing. Methods Twenty- one cases of patients, with acute left-sided colorectal obstruction, were enrolled in this study from 2011 and 2014, Results Of the 21 cases, 5 failed to drip, 6 was difficult to drain, 2 having loose stools around the anus, 2 with the tubes out of the anus, and 6 with obstructed tubes during the drainage. Nineteen finally underwent surgery, 16 of which with 1- stage operation, and 13 of the 16 with sufficient lymph node dissection, without stoma leakage. Conclusions Transanal drainage tube plays an important part in acute left- sided colorectal obstruction, and a professional nursing work could help maintain the unobstruction of the tube, which is of much importance in the procedure of the drainage and the decompression of the obstruction.

Through the review of the research on electronic health records at home and abroad,the author introduced the process of the construction of electronic health records at home and abroad.By comparing the reviews,we sumed up the characteristics of the construction of the electronic health records abroad,so as to provide references to our electronic health records and improvement suggestions for insufficient health records construction in China.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 3 kinds of traditional Chinese medicinal injections in the treatment of angina pectoris caused by coronary heart disease(CHD).METHODS:223 CHD patients with angina pectoris were divided into 3 groups:group A(Xuesaitong injection),group B(Breviscapine for injection) and group C(Shuxuening injection). The curative effects were observed and the cost-effectiveness analyses of the 3 groups were conducted as well.RESULTS:The costs for the 3 groups were 1 345.50 yuan,1 768.125 yuan,1 770.00 yuan,respectively; the total effective rates were 83.75%,82.09% and 85.53%,respectively; the cost-effectiveness ratios were 16.07,21.54 and 20.69,respectively;the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of group B and C were 254.60 and 238.48,respectively as against group A. CONCLUSION:Xuesaitong injection(group A) is the preferred therapy for angina pectoris caused by CHD.

Before the technique of advanced high-throughput sequencing comes up , less is known about the human gut microbiota .It has been understood that trillions of microbes , in which 99% are bacteria , inhabit the human gut, forming a complicated ecological community .The gut microbiota has a great impact on human physiology and suscepti -bility to disease through its integrative metabolic activities and interactions with the host .In physiology , gut microbiota con-tributes to the host acquisition of nutrition and energy from diets , promoting development and maturation of gastrointestinal tract and immune system , and protecting host from invasion of enteropathogens .In pathology , dysbiosis underlying altered gut microbiota is associated with the susceptibilities to various diseases , including inflammatory bowel disease , type 1 dia-betes, asthma, obesity, metabolic syndrome , autism and cancer .Understanding of the factors that underlie alterations in the composition and function of gut microbiota will be helpful in the development of drugs and the design of therapies that target it.This goal is formidable .It is because that the compositions of gut microbiota are immensely diverse , varying be-tween individuals in a population and fluctuating over time in an individual , especially during early development and disea-ses.Viewing the gut microbiota with an ecological perspective will provide new insights into how to improve our health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments .

A breakthrough has recently been made in the studies on pathogenesis of HIV disease,which result in some new theories.New strategies for HIV drug and vaccine development are emerging in the impact of these new understandings.The intestinal infection hypothesis proposes that HIV disease can be regarded as some kind of infectious disease of gut immune system as the major HIV infection is located in intestine.The acute catastrophe hypothesis suggests that the subsequent pathological changes are the fallout from a mucosal catastrophe of acute intestinal HIV infection,in which the majority of CD4+ T cells are deleted due to infection.The general immune overactivation hypothesis proposes that the general immune overactivation is harmful to patient as it increases the cell susceptibility to HIV infection and supportiveness of HIV replication.The host proteins related to HIV replication can be new targets for HIV drug discovery.The mucosal vaccine strategies,which attempt to induce HIV specific neutralizing antibodies on mucosal surface may be the first choice in development of prophylactic HIV vaccines.Induction of tolerance may be one of the strategies for HIV therapeutic vaccines because HIV disease can be regarded as autoimmune disease caused by HIV infection.

Objective To investigate the effects of acute nicotine exposure on expression of Caspase-3 and apoptosis of neuron in adolescent rat's brain. Methods The Caspase-3 expression was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Apoptosis cells were detected by TUNEL method. Results The Caspase-3 expression in cerebral cortex, hippocampal dentate gyrus, CA2 and CA3 of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group through immunohistiochemistry. The expression of Caspase-3 prototype and active fragments in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group with Western blotting. The TUNEL positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus of the experimental group were more than that of the control group.Conclusion Acute nicotine exposure can activate Caspase-3 and increase neuron apoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus of the adolescent rat's brain.

Objective To determine the effect of interleukin (IL)-17 on the proliferation of fibroblastlike synoviocytes (FLSs) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA)patients and to investigate whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was implicated in this process.Methods FLSs were acquired by primary culturing from RA patients.STAT3,p-STAT3,Bcl-2 and Bax expression in FLSs were determined using western blotting analysis.The proliferation of FLSs was determined by MTT assay.Analysis of variance was used to determine the differences between two groups.Results IL-17 promoted the proliferation of FLSs from RA patients and inhibited their apoptosis.The pro-apoptotic Bax was decreased and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was increased in FLSs from RA (t=2.612,P＜0.05;t=2.723,P＜0.05).However,targeted silencing of STAT3 could inhibit the effect of IL-17 on FLSs (t=2.745,P＜0.05).[the control group:Bax (3.814±1.623),Bcl-2 (1.429± 0.311);IL-17 group:Bax (0.972±0.017),Bcl-2 (3.175±1.356);STAT3 silent group:Bax (5.729±1.236),Bcl-2 (0.637±0.006)].Conclusion STAT3 is critical in IL-17-induced proliferation of FLS from RA patients.IL-17/STAT3 pathway might be a good candidate for RA treatment modalities.

AIM: The aim of the present study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 on calcium-influx and ERK-phosphorylation of human microglia.METHODS: The level of intracellular calcium of human microglia grown on coverslip,which was loaded by calcium-probe,Fluo-4,and then treated in various experimental processing,was detected by confocal microscopy with time resolution mode.The binding of gp120 to human microglia was determined with confocal microscopy or flow cytometry after treatment with gp120 and stained with anti-gp120-FITC antibody.Phosphorylation of ERK within human microglia with or without gp120 stimulation was analyzed with confocal microscopy following the direct immuno-staining with anti-phosphorylated ERK antibody.RESULTS: The results of confocal microscopy showed that calcium-influx response was triggered by HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 in human microglia.The results from analysis by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that gp120 was able to bind to human microglia.ERK phosphorylation was enhanced in human microglia stimulated with gp120.CONCLUSION: HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 induces calcium-influx in human microglia and enhances ERK phosphorylation in human microglia,indicating that gp120 is an activator of human microglia.So gp120 may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia.

OBJECTIVE:To study the compatible stability of Ceftriaxone Sodium with Compound Sodium Chloride Injection or Sodium Lactate Ringer's Injection and study the compatible stability of the simulated in vivo peak concentration of ceftriaxone sodium with instant high concentration of calcium gluconate ion injection. METHODS: The concentration of Ceftriaxone Sodium in the mixture was determined by HPLC,meanwhile,the changes of the mixture in appearance,pH value,and the insoluble particles at room temperature were observed. RESULTS: At 0～2 hours,the mixture of Ceftriaxone Sodium and Compound Sodium Chloride Injection was clear in appearance;however,at 2 hours,it was white cloudy macroscopically,and its pH valued increased,ceftriaxone sodium content decreased and insoluble particles increased. The ceftriaxone sodium content reduced when mixed with sodium lactate ringer's injection. After mixing of simulated in vivo peak concentration of ceftriaxone sodium with instant high concentration of calcium gluconate ion injection,the appearance of the mixture was stable but the concentration of Ceftriaxone Sodium reduced slightly. CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone Sodium can't be used in combination with Compound Sodium Chloride Injection or Sodium Lactate Ringer's Injection. Whether it is suitable to infuse calcium gluconate when ceftriaxone sodium (iv gtt) reached peak concentration remains to be confirmed in future study.