This study was aimed to screen candidate genes involved in the triterpenoid saponins biosynthetic pathway of the Ilex asprella root. The Illumina platform was applied to perform transcriptomic sequencing of I. asprella root, followed by a series of bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that a total of 272 candidate unigenes were anno-tated to be involved in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid in the transcriptome of I. asprella root, including 72 u-nigenes for the upstream pathway and 26 unigenes for cyclization, oxidation and glycosylation in the downstream pathway. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to further analyze the evolution relationship of some candidate uni-genes and their homologous genes. Two genes IaA S1 and IaA S2 were proved to be mixed amyrin synthases in yeast expression system. Moreover, IaA S1 was identified to one of the rare ASs with α-amyrin as the major product. It was concluded that a series of candidate genes, which might be involved in the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins, were screened out from the transcriptome of I. asprella root. Further investigation of these candidate genes will provide insight into their actual functions in the triterpenoid saponins biosynthetic pathway in I. asprella.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical distribution characteristics, drug resistance trends and the carrying of antiseptic resistance gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children in Suzhou, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children. Methods The clinical distribution characteristics and drug resistance trends of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Children's Hospital of Soochow University from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Forthermore, 101 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were randomly selected to detect the expression of 9 antiseptic resistance genes (qacEΔ1-sul1, qacE, qacEΔ1, qacG, sugE(p), sugE©, emrE, ydgE, ydgF) by polymerase chain reaction. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Soochow University Children's Hospital was mainly isolated from respiratory specimen (47.83%), pus (28.60%) and urine (11.72%); the main departments were intensive care unit(21.45%), general surgery department (15.71%) and respiratory department (12.31%). Patients were mainly aged from 1 month to 1 year old and older than 6 years old (34.31% and 25.38%). The top three drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were imipenem (11.25%), aztreonam (9.26%) and meropenem (8.02%). Among the 853 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the drug-resistant strains were mainly from the intensive care unit (58/183), hematology department (33/91), neonatology department (31/96), and there were 57 strains of multi-drug-resistant strains with the detection rate of 6.68%. There were 98 strains (11.49%) of Carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the annual detection rates were 22.06%, 8.40%, 3.60%, 5.67%, 9.85% and 17.20%, respectively. Among the 9 antiseptic resistance genes, the carrying rate of ydgF, sugE© and qacE was 98.02%, 94.06% and 0 respectively. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa has high resistance to some drugs, so attention should be paid to rational drug use. The carriage rates of of two antiseptic resistance genes exceeded 90%, indicating the need to strengthen research on the mechanism of antiseptic resistance research and rational use of disinfectants

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of early intervention of acupuncture on urinary function reconstruction of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, so as to find the optimal treatment timing of acupuncture.

METHODSFifty-three patients of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury were randomly divided into a prior-to-catheter group (25 cases) and a posterior-to-catheter group (28 cases). For the prior-to-catheter group, one week before the removal of catheter, acupoints on the abdomen and back such as Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Baliao (Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33), Xialiao (BL 34), Jiaji (EX-B 2) and acupoints at distal end such as Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected; after the catheter removal, simple method. of water column was used to measure bladder capacity pressure to classify the type of bladder, and then different acupuncture manipulations were given; intermittent catheterization was performed if condition was allowed. The posterior-to-catheter group applied identical treatment after removal of catheter as the prior-to-catheter group. The treatment was given 5 times per week; after one-month treatment, five aspects including the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine, time of residual urine less than 100 mL and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine and time of residual urineless than 100 mL in the prior-to-catheter group were all superior to those in the posterior-to-catheter group (all P<0. 05) ; the score of QOL was improved in two groups after treatment (both P<0. 01), but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P>0. 05); each index of urination function was not significant among patients with different injured segments of spinal cord (all P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe early intervention of acupuncture (prior to catheter) has obvious improving function on establishing balanced bladder in patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, which is superior to acupuncture intervention after removal of catheter, however, the effects of different injured segments on establishing balanced bladder are not different.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urination ; Young Adult

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of pertussis control measures. Methods: The data of reported pertussis cases in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2022 were collected through the Infectious Disease Report Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distributions of pertussis cases in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 499 pertussis patients were reported in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2022, with mean annual reported incidence of 1.508/105, and no death was reported. The reported incidence of pertussis remained at a low level in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, all below 1/105, and increased to 12.625/105 in 2022. The reported incidence of pertussis appeared an overall tendency towards a rise in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 (Z=-29.261, P<0.001). The incidence of pertussis peaked from June to July, and a relatively higher incidence rate of pertussis was reported in Deqing (6.359/105) and Anji counties (1.725/105), while higher incidence was found among children at ages of <1 year (30.566/105), 4 years (31.896/105) and 5 years (29.485/105). Conclusion The reported incidence of pertussis was at a low level in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and increased sharply in 2022. The incidence of pertussis peaked from June to July, was concentrated in Deqing and Anji counties and higher among infants under one year of age and preschool children at ages of 4 to 5 years.

Objective:To explore the current status and hot trends of geriatric nursing in China in the past five years, in order to provide a reference for related research.Methods:This research adopted the bibliometric research method. The Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched on October 30, 2020, and bibliometric analysis was carried out based on the literature related to geriatric nursing published from 2016 to 2020.Results:A total of 4 930 papers included were published in 359 journals. The cumulative number of papers published in the top 15 journals exceeded 50%, and one third of them were non-nursing journals. The number of papers published in the region where the first author of the paper was located was from 1 to 555, and the top 3 regions were Beijing, Jiangsu, and Guangdong respectively. Research hotspots were mainly concentrated in five areas, namely, common clinical problem nursing in elderly patients, geriatric nursing services in institutions and communities, quality of life and psychological nursing, chronic disease management, and safety risk management.Conclusions:In the past five years, geriatric nursing research has been large in volume and published in journals. The research attention of different cities is quite different, and the research field is continuously expanding, which is in line with the background of my country's population aging and the guiding direction of national policies.

ObjectiveTo explore non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior and its influencing factors in adolescents with depression. MethodsA total of 140 adolescent patients diagnosed with depression and treated in Lishui second people’s hospital from June 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. According to whether the patients exhibited NSSI behavior， they were divided into the NSSI group and the control group. The general survey， NSSI behavior questionnaire， the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire， the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale （Chinese version） were used to investigate the adolescent patients， and the differences between the NSSI group and the control group were compared. The main factors affecting the NSSI behavior of the adolescent patients with depression were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. ResultsA total of 62 patients （44.29%） exhibited NSSI behavior， including two patients （3.22%） with one type of NSSI behavior， 10 patients （16.13%） with two types， 15 patients （24.19%） with three types， 11 patients （17.74%） with four types， 9 patients （14.52%） with five types， and 15 patients （24.19%） with six types or more. There were significant differences in the severity of depression and sleep disturbance between the two groups （all P<0.05）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that self-blame， blaming others， rumination， interpersonal relationships and being punished were all factors that affected the NSSI behavior of adolescent patients with depression （all P<0.05）； positive refocusing， positive reappraisal， family cohesion and family adaptability were the protective factors affecting NSSI behavior of adolescents with depression （all P<0.05）. ConclusionAdolescent patients with depression are prone to non-suicidal self-injury， which is closely related to cognitive emotion， social relationships， family environment and other factors.

Objective:To explore the effects of Carolina care model in standardized training of nurses.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 35 nurses who entered the Department of Cardiology for standardized training (referred to as training nurses) from October 2018 to March 2019 in a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Changchun as control group, and 37 nurses who entered the Department of Cardiology from May to October 2019 were selected as observation group. Control group carried out routine training, and observation group implemented a training plan based on the Carolina care model. Training effects were evaluated with the Nursing Caring Characters Assessment Tool, Clinical Communication Competence Scale and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire.Results:After training, the scores of all dimensions of the Nursing Caring Characters Assessment Tool of nurses in observation group were higher than those in control group with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . After training, the scores of all dimensions of the Clinical Communication Competence Scale of nurses in observation group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . In observation group, patients' satisfaction with training nurses was higher than that in control group with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of Carolina care model in standardized training of nurses can not only improve nurses' humanistic care and communication competence, but also improve patient satisfaction.

Objective:Explore the feasibility and advantages of using proximal and distal ends of thoracodosal artery and vein as recipient vessels in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap immediate breast reconstruction.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery using the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal vein as recipient vessels at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from March 2022 to June 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative examinations included thoracoabdominal angiography and color Doppler ultrasonic localization of the main trunk and perforators of the inferior epigastric vessels. The procedure began with mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, followed by the isolation of bilateral perforators and the main trunk of the abdominal flap. The main trunks of the bilateral inferior epigastric arteries were then transected, and their vascular pedicles exposed and anastomosed respectively to the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal artery and vein. Both arteries and veins were joined end-to-end. The flap after trimming and reconstruction was then implanted into the cavity left after mastectomy through the incision. Breast positioning was performed with the patient in a knee-bent and hip-flexed position. After adjusting the shape of the reconstructed breast. The donor site was closed, the umbilicus was reconstructed, drainage tubes were placed, and the breast incision was closed. Postoperative follow-up monitored complications associated with the flap and patient satisfaction with the breast reconstruction, utilizing a self-assessment method.Results:Four female patients were included, aged (46.0±6.5) years, ranging from 37 to 52 years. All four patients had bilateral vascular pedicles in the donor area, with three patients having thoracodorsal vessels at the distal and proximal ends as recipient vessels, and one patient having anterior serratus branch of the thoracodorsal vessels at the distal and proximal ends. All drainage tubes were removed within 7 to 10 days after surgery. Patients were discharged. Follow-up period ranged from 1 to 15 months, averaging 6 months. The patients recovered well postoperatively, with no flap-related complications occurring. All four patients were satisfied with the result of the reconstruction.Conclusion:The simultaneous application of the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal artery and vein can ensure the safety of flap survival while reducing damage to the ribs and intercostal muscles, achieving better aesthetic result.

Objective:Explore the feasibility and advantages of using proximal and distal ends of thoracodosal artery and vein as recipient vessels in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap immediate breast reconstruction.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery using the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal vein as recipient vessels at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from March 2022 to June 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative examinations included thoracoabdominal angiography and color Doppler ultrasonic localization of the main trunk and perforators of the inferior epigastric vessels. The procedure began with mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, followed by the isolation of bilateral perforators and the main trunk of the abdominal flap. The main trunks of the bilateral inferior epigastric arteries were then transected, and their vascular pedicles exposed and anastomosed respectively to the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal artery and vein. Both arteries and veins were joined end-to-end. The flap after trimming and reconstruction was then implanted into the cavity left after mastectomy through the incision. Breast positioning was performed with the patient in a knee-bent and hip-flexed position. After adjusting the shape of the reconstructed breast. The donor site was closed, the umbilicus was reconstructed, drainage tubes were placed, and the breast incision was closed. Postoperative follow-up monitored complications associated with the flap and patient satisfaction with the breast reconstruction, utilizing a self-assessment method.Results:Four female patients were included, aged (46.0±6.5) years, ranging from 37 to 52 years. All four patients had bilateral vascular pedicles in the donor area, with three patients having thoracodorsal vessels at the distal and proximal ends as recipient vessels, and one patient having anterior serratus branch of the thoracodorsal vessels at the distal and proximal ends. All drainage tubes were removed within 7 to 10 days after surgery. Patients were discharged. Follow-up period ranged from 1 to 15 months, averaging 6 months. The patients recovered well postoperatively, with no flap-related complications occurring. All four patients were satisfied with the result of the reconstruction.Conclusion:The simultaneous application of the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal artery and vein can ensure the safety of flap survival while reducing damage to the ribs and intercostal muscles, achieving better aesthetic result.