Crohn's disease (CD) is a gastrointestinal tract chronic inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Treatment of CD is focused on symptom control and healing the intestinal mucosa in order to improve the quality of life and prevent complications. The early use of anti-TNF agents such as infliximab in CD patients with high risk factors has become the main treatment of CD clinically. However, infliximab has its limitations, early surgery might benefit the patient more. This article reviewed the therapeutic value of early surgery in small intestinal CD.

Objective To provide reference for anti-infection treatment and individual pharmaceutical care in patient on peritoneal dialysis. Methods The plasma concentration of vancomycin in patient on peritoneal dialysis was monitored by clinical pharmacists. The anti-infection treatment plan was evaluated and adjusted according to the bacterial culture and drug sensitivity results of the abdominal dialysis fluid. The adverse reactions of pancytopenia induced by vancomycin were documented. Results Infection in the patient on peritoneal dialysis was effectively controlled. The related indicators of pancytopenia were improved. Conclusion A case of pancytopenia induced by vancomycin in the patient on peritoneal dialysis was analyzed to get clinical staff's attention to this adverse reaction and improve the safety of vancomycin administration.

Thymic tumors are the most common malignant tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Surgical resection is the main treatment for thymic tumors, but the need for adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery is controversial. For tumors that cannot be completely resected, the role of postoperative radiotherapy is certain. However, for completely resected thymic tumors, deciding on whether to supplement with postoperative radiotherapy depends on the tumor stage and histological type. This article reviews the application of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of completely resected thymic tumors.

The announcement of the 9th edition of TNM staging system for thymic tumors was one of the highlights at the World Conference on Lung Cancer 2023. The revision, based on a larger and more detailed database, provides changes and confirmation from the last system. The 9th edition of TNM staging system aims to balance statistical significance and clinical feasibility. The birth of an improved TNM staging system heralds the changes that will follow in clinical practice and scientific research.

Dbait is a small double-stranded DNA molecule that has been utilized as a radiosensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of glioma to radiotherapy (RT). However, there is no effective drug delivery system to effectively overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to develop a gene delivery system by using the BBB and glioma dual-targeting and microenvironment-responsive micelles (ch-K(s-s)R8-An) to deliver Dbait into glioma for RT. Angiopep-2 can target the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) that is overexpressed on brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) and glioma cells. In particular, due to upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in the tumor microenvironment, we utilized MMP-2-responsive peptides as the enzymatically degradable linkers to conjugate angiopep-2. The results showed that ch-K(s-s)R8-An micelles maintained a reasonable size (80-160 nm) with a moderate distribution and a decreased mean diameter from the cross-linking as well as exhibited low critical micelle concentration (CMC) with positive surface charge, ranging from 15 to 40 mV. The ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/pEGFP showed high gene transfection efficiency , improved uptake in glioma cells and good biocompatibility and . In addition, the combination of ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait with RT significantly inhibited the growth of U251 cells . Thus, ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait may prove to be a promising gene delivery system to target glioma and enhance the efficacy of RT on U251 cells.