OBJECTIVETo study the esthetic and long-term effectiveness of cerinate porcelain laminate veneers.

METHODSA total of 736 front teeth were restored with cerinate porcelain laminate veneers, which were then tested at different time points by clinical tracking observation and appraisal.

RESULTSThe short and long term rates of effectiveness were 96.6% and 96.2%, respectively. There was no relationship between clinical effectiveness and the length of restoration time. The failure rate was higher in 18 - 30 years old patients and those with discolored teeth. The major clinical performance was fold fissure and deciduous of porcelain laminate veneers.

CONCLUSIONSCerinate porcelain laminate veneers are an ideal choice for dental esthetic restorations because they are unnoticeable, stable, strong and require no excessive dental preparation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Dental Veneers ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Perimenopausal syndrome （MPS）， a common endocrine system disease， is one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in endocrinology， gynecology， and interdisciplinary fields of both Western and Chinese medicine to discuss the advantages and challenges of diagnosing and treating MPS with Western medicine， TCM， and integrative medicine. Experts at the conference believe that MPS is initiated by estrogen decline and rooted in deficiency， with the pathogenesis being imbalance between Yin and Yang in the kidney. The hormone replacement therapy in Western medicine for menopause can rapidly alleviate related symptoms by quickly restoring the estrogen level and timely detect and delay complications of menopause， whereas such a therapy has certain risks， necessitating close monitoring of adverse reactions. Moreover， the various contraindications and precautions limit the clinical application of the hormone replacement therapy. TCM has advantages in synergistically alleviating symptoms such as hot flashes， sweating， sleep disorders， and emotional abnormalities of MPS without causing obvious adverse reactions. However， its efficacy is slower than the hormone replacement therapy， and the TCM evidence for preventing and treating complications of menopause remains unclear. Three suggestions were proposed for the future development of both Western and TCM for ameliorating MPS. First， an integrated diagnosis and treatment system for MPS with both Western and Chinese medicine should be established. Second， high-quality evidence-based interventions for MPS should be developed with TCM alone or in combination with Western medicine. Third， efforts should be made to promote the new TCM drug development and the interdisciplinary cooperation for treating MPS.