Objective To determine the levels of total antioxidative capacity(TAOC) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver exposed to hyperoxia,and to explore whether oxygen inhalation could cause liver injury in newborn rats.Methods Sixty-four newborn rats which were less than 12-hour-old were enrolled in this study.The rats were randomly divided into hyperoxia group(FiO2=0.85,n=32) and control group(air,n=32).Eight rats in each group were randomly sacrificed to obtain liver tissues at 1d,3d,7d and 14d.The TAOC of liver homogenates was detected by chemical colorimetry,and the MDA level of liver homogenates was measured by thiobarbituric acid test.Results In the hyperoxia group,TAOC in liver increased on the 1st day[(3.60±0.28)U/mg prot vs(3.39±0.19)U/mg prot,P<0.05];TAOC began to decreased on the 3rd day,and significantly lower than that of control group on the 14th day [(3.10±0.15)U/mg prot vs (3.56±0.14)U/mg prot,P<0.01].In the hyperoxia group,the MDA level increased on the 3rd day[(3.58±0.11)nmol/mg prot vs(2.82±0.14)nmol/mg prot,P<0.01],and reached a peak on the 7th day[(3.58 ±0.11)nmol/mg prot vs(2.82±0.14)nmol/mg prot,P<0.01],then decreased but still remained higher than control group on the 14th day [(2.92±0.18)nmol/mg prot vs(2.77 ±0.09)nmol/mg prot,P<0.01].Conclusion Too more MDA in liver and TAOC decrease may cause liver injury in newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia.With the oxygen inhalation time prolonging,the liver injury aggravation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between umbilical cord blood tire mass measles antibody and maternal measles antibody degrees,in order to evaluate the crowd measles antibody level and provide scientific basis for lasting elimination of measles.Methods Collected 40 cases of healthy maternal venous blood and their paired cord blood,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of measles antibody.Results In the 1:200 level,mother blood and umbilical cord blood of measles antibody level were 11.29 ±4.81 and 12.76 ± 5.32,in the 1:800 level were 6.89 ±4.11 and 8.28 ± 4.91,both had correlation (r =0.575,0.618,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Measles antibody titers of maternal venous blood and paired cord blood are highly correlated.The results show that maternal measles antibodies could pass through the placenta to the daughter,and measles antibody titers detected in umbilical cord blood can be used not only to assess the maternal measles antibodies level,but also can be used as a predictor of measles antibody levels for newborns and young children.

Objective To explore the efficacy of group cognitive behavioral therapy for improving depressive symptoms and social functional in patients with major depressive disorder.Methods A total of 160 patients with major depressive disorder were randomly divided into intervention group (n=80) and control group (n=80).Intervention group was treated with conventional antidepressants combined with group cognitive behavioral therapy.Control group was treated with one conventional antidepressants.All participants were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)and Scale of Social function of Psychosis Inpatients (SSFPI) before and 8 weeks after the treatment.Results After 8 weeks treatment,the scores of HAMD (14.76±9.48) was significantly reduced and the scores of SSFPI(30.09±4.34) were significantly increased in intervention group compared with the baseline ((37.91± 10.58),(12.40±2.56),all P＜0.01).The scores of HAMD were significantly lower and the scores of SSFPI were significantly higher in intervention group than that in control group((20.71±7.85),(22.63±3.63),all P＜0.01).Conclusion Group cognitive behavioral therapy is effective for major depressive disorder patients by reducing depressive symptom and improving social function.

The aim of the present research was to investigate and analyze the hunting intentions of medical students for rural grassroots in Gansu and to provide a reference for decision-making on rural health human resource . A questionnaire is the research tool which was used to investigate the views of the senior students from six medical schools , and we studied their employment willingness to rural healthcare institutions .Chi-square test and non-condi-tional logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis .A sample of 600 medical graduates was involved in this investigation.The results of this study show that more than a half (55.6%) of the students would like to work in ru-ral, but only 13.8%of which were “very willing” to work at the rural healthcare institutions .According to the out-comes of this investigation , the number of junior college students who would like to work at the grassroots was 2.3 times the number of the undergraduate students .Medical students whose monthly salary expectations were not high ,with the household registration in rural areas , and having a better understanding of the policy of rural grass-roots em-ployment were more likely to work at the rural healthcare institutions .Based on the findings of this investigation , it can be concluded that the grassroots medical career intention of medical students is not only influenced by its own fac -tors, such as education and household registration , but also the policy of the government , school employment guid-ance and social atmosphere play an important role .The above-mentioned factors should be considered by decision-making and management departments of public healthcare .The departments should introduce a reasonable recruit-ment policy and strengthen the construction of grass-roots medical technology , equipment , and infrastructure , im-prove the grass-roots of employment environment and career development opportunities and strengthen the medical students'employment guidance work to make medical students more willing to work at rural healthcare institutions .

Objective:To investigate the current situation of economic income and quality of life of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) , and to analyze the impact of different economic levels on quality of life of patients with KBD, and to provide evidence for selection of target and key populations setting of poverty alleviation in KBD area.Methods:The anrual family income and quality of life of adults with KBD in Yongshou County and Linyou County, Shaanxi Province were investigated from May 2017 to May 2019. Patient's quality of life were evaluated using Chinese version of European five-dimensional five-level health scale (EQ-5D-5L) and its utility value conversion system was used to calculate the EQ-index. The ratio of income difference to quality of life difference in different income KBD patients was calculated.Results:A total of 290 patients with KBD participated in the survey. The average annual income of families with KBD was 11 462.41 Yuan of which the average annual income of low (< 5 000 Yuan), medium (5 000 ~ 10 000 Yuan) and high-income (> 10 000 Yuan) groups was 2 663.48, 9 262.75 and 28 397.26 Yuan, respectively. The ratios of income difference to quality of life difference between low-income and medium-income groups (109.99 × 10 4, 94.28 × 10 4, 94.28 × 10 4) were bigger than the ratios of income difference to quality of life difference (55.94 × 10 4, 91.91 × 10 4,-3.20 × 10 3) between low-income and high-income groups in terms of mobility, usual activity, and EQ-index. The ratios of income difference to quality of life difference were negative in terms of self care, anxiety/depression and VAS score (- 131.99 × 10 4,-65.99 × 10 4,-65.99 × 10 3). Conclusions:Patients with KBD have low income level and large income gap. The KBD patients whose annual income less than 10 000 Yuan could be the key population of poverty alleviation, and family income level of more than 10 000 Yuan could be the target of poverty alleviation.

Objective:To evaluate the life quality of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods:From September 2017 to May 2019, adult KBD patients aged 18 years old and over were selected as the study subjects in the historical serious disease areas (Yongshou County and Linyou County) of KBD in Shaanxi Province. KBD patients were investigated by using the basic information questionnaire and the Chinese version of the European Five-dimensional Five-level Health Scale (EQ-5D-5L), the distribution of health status in the five dimensions of mobility, self-care ability, daily activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression were described, and each dimension included five levels of no problem, mild problem, moderate problem, severe problem, and extreme problem. EQ index (- 0.391 - 1.000) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients based on group perspective, the higher EQ index was, the better life quality of the group would be; visual analogue system (VAS) score (0 - 100 points) was used to evaluate the life quality of patients based on individual perspective, the higher VAS score was, the better life quality of the individual would be. At the same time, multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the life quality of KBD patients.Results:A total of 245 KBD patients were included, aged (60.37 ± 7.10) years old. The mild problems of self-care ability and anxiety/depression of KBD patients, accounted for the largest proportion, which were 31.8% (78/245) and 27.3% (67/245), respectively; in terms of daily activity, the moderate problem accounted for the largest proportion, which was 32.7% (80/245); in terms of mobility and pain/discomfort, the severe problem accounted for the largest proportion, which were 46.9% (115/245) and 45.7% (112/245), respectively. EQ index [median (quartile range)] was 0.311 (0.059, 0.563), and VAS score was 42.5 (30.0, 60.0) points. After multiple linear regression analysis, the effects of education level, pain level, body deformity inferiority complex, and social participation barrier on EQ index were statistically significant ( P < 0.01); the effects of economic level, pain level, body deformity inferiority complex, and social participation barrier on VAS score were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The life quality of KBD patients is poor, it is affected by physical, psychological and social aspects, so relevant medical workers should pay attention to the overall health of KBD patients.

Objective: To systematically review the barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation of clinical pathways for the clinical pathways. Methods: PubMed, Embase, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, Cvip databases were searched to collect articles about clinical pathways implementation barriers and facilitators from inception to January 4th, 2019. The tool of confidence in the evidence from reviews of qualitative research(CERQual)was used to grade the confidence of each study. Results: A total of 43 articles from 12 countries were included.There were 8 main categories and 31 subcategories of the barriers about clinical pathways, including content of the clinical pathways, negative outcomes of clinical pathways, physicians knowledge, physicians attitude, resource availability, implementation of activities, patients factors and social factors. The first three barriers of high confidence were lacking of time, capital, equipment, staff and other resources(15 articles, 34.9%), increasing workload(14 articles, 32.6%), unrecognizing pathways(12 articles, 27.9%). There were 6 main categories and 28 subcategories of the facilitators about clinical pathways, including pathways content related, physician related, resource factor and implementation activity. The first three facilitators of high confidence were communication, education and training(25 articles, 58.1%), supporting from managers and colleagues(21 articles, 48.8%)and establishing a clinical pathway facilitation committee(17 articles, 39.5%). Conclusions The successful implementation of clinical pathways connects with its development process, aftereffect evaluation and feedback. It will be implemented effectively only by the completely and environmentally acceptable pathways design, adequate resources, effective organizational activities, continuous audit, evaluation and feedback and physicians active cooperation.