The study of 102 T2DM patients and 55 non-diabetes subjects showed that the average and largest IMT of carotid arterier had positive relation with age and HOMA-IR, and negative relation with insulin sensitivity.

Objective To evaluate the clustered characteristics of the components of metabolic syndrome. Methods 483 subjects (242 men, 241 women, aged 53±12 years ) in Beijing area underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for screening of diabetes.203 subjects were diagnosed as diabetes through OGTT.Factor analysis was performed using the variables of insulin/blood glucose, total cholesterol (CHO), LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference. Results Five factors, including obesity, insulin resistance/hyperglycemia, CHO/LDL-C, dyslipidemia (elevated TG and decreased HDL) and hypertension, could explain 72.2% of total variance.The most important component was obesity, which could explain 29.8% of total variance.The obesity factor was associated with dyslipidemia factor through C-reactive protein (CRP).Dyslipidemia factor also associated with insulin resistance/hyperglycemia factor.Hypertension factor and CHO/LDL-C factor were isolated from other factors. Conclusions Obesity factor is the most important component of metabolic syndrome.The pathophysiologic mechanism of metabolic syndrome is complex.Insulin resistance alone could not explain all features of the metabolic syndrome.Its pathophysiology maybe include the factors of obesity, insulin resistance and inflammatory reaction.

Objective: To analyze the electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and meanwhile, to explore the relationship between ECG abnormality and serum calcium level in relevant patients. Methods: Our study included 2 groups: Observation group,n=84 PHPT patients treated in our hospital from 2010-01 to 2014-04 and Control group,n=80 normal subjects from regular physical examination at the same period. The ECG manifestation was compared between 2 groups. Meanwhile, according to tertile levels of serum calcium, PHPT patients were further divided into 3 subgroups:①Ca2+ level (2.0-2.8) mmol/L,②Ca2+ level (2.8-3.1) mmol/L,③Ca2+ level >3.1 mmol/L andn=28 in each subgroup. The ECG abnormalities were compared among 3 subgroups and the relationship between ECG changes and serum calcium levels were studied. Results: The ECG abnormality rates in Observation group and Control group were as 83.3% vs 18.8%, P<0.001. Compared with Control group, Observation group presented more frequent ST-T changes, QRS duration widening, high left ventricular pressure and QT interval shortening,P<0.001 orP<0.05. In observation group, with the rising of serum calcium, the incidences of ST-T changes and high left ventricular pressure were increased accordingly, the ST-T changes among 3 subgroups were significant,P<0.05; while with the rising of serum calcium, the QT interval was shortened and QRS duration was widened accordingly, the differences were obvious among 3 subgroups, allP<0.05.Conclusion: PHPT patients have the higher incidence with abnormal ECG, while ECG abnormality has beenrelated to serum calcium level in relevant patients.

The elimination of Oncomelania hupensis snails is important to schistosomiasis control. Recently,the application of molluscicidal organisms is considered as a safe and efficient method for snail elimination. In order to provide scientific evi?dences for effective control of O. hupensis and schistosomiasis,this paper summarizes the researches of molluscicidal microor?ganisms against O. hupensis.

PurposeTo develop a novel RGD microbubbles (RGD-MBs) and to evaluate the targeted binding effect with endothelial cells in vitro.Materials and MethodsThe RGD peptide was coated onto the microbubbles through biotin-avidin linkage including 10 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml groups. The microbubbles not carrying RGD peptide were obtained as negative control. Blocking studies were performed with pre-incubation of the cells with RGD peptide for 2 hours. The microbubbleswere characterized by Accusizer 780 and optical microscope. The binding specificity of RGD-MBs withανβ3-expressing mouse endothelial cells was determined with competitive inhibition experiments in vitro. The attachment study was performed using parallel plate flow chamber to investigate the dynamic adhesion on endothelial cells at various shear stresses.ResultsThe RGD-MBs had an average diameter of (4.09±0.07) μm. The binding RGD-MBs per cell were 2.98±0.35 for 10 μg/ml RGD and 1.78±0.23 for 30 μg/ml RGD. RGD-MBs binding to mouse endothelial cells decreased 54.64% and 67.00% in the presence of RGD peptide at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml respectively. When the shear stress was under 1.5 dyne/cm2, the accumulation rate was increased with the increase of shear stress (P<0.05). Accumulation rate reached the maximum (48.72±4.26) RGD-MBs/min at wall share stress of 1.5 dyne/cm2, and decreased as sheer stress >1.5 dyne/cm2 (P<0.05). Conclusion The RGD-MBs can specifically bind to endothelial cells, indicating its usefulness as ultrasonic molecular probe in monitoring integrinανβ3 expression during tumor angiogenesis, and is potentially valuable for in tumor early-staging and prognosis.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease which is socioeconomically devastating and a significant cause of morbidity in endemic countries or regions. Some countries and regions have brought down the prevalence of schistosomiasis through positive prevention and control programs. However in the past few years with the social and economic development and globalization re?emergence and spread of schistosomiasis led to a growing concern that new endemic areas may occur. This article analyzes the epidemiological situation and the strategies to control schistosomiasis in China and African countries.

This study was aimed to observe influence on clinical symptoms of Qing-Fei Pei-Yuan Wei-Wan (QFPY-WW) for pulmonary infection HIV/AIDS cases with the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung. A total of 141 pulmonary infection HIV/AIDS cases with the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung were randomly divided into the treatment group (94 cases) and the control group (47 cases). The treatment group was given basic western medication combined with QFPYWW. The control group was given basic western medication. After 4 weeks treat-ment, observation was made on changes of main symptoms. The results showed that on the 28th day, compared with the control group, there was improvement on symptoms such as cough, breathing and chest tightness (P< 0.05). Com-parison on coughing up phlegm degree showed that the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (P< 0.05). On the 7th day treatment, the treatment group had better effect on lowering body temperature than the control group (P< 0.05). It was concluded that QFPYWW can improve symptoms such as cough, breathing, chest tightness and cough up phlegm among pulmonary infection HIV/AIDS patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of therapy of the trisacryl gelatin microspheres combinee the gelatin sponge particle on embolize the bronchial artery in acute massive hemoptic patients. Methods One huneree cases with massive hemoptysis were selectee as our subjects ane eivieee into control ane research group(n = 50 for each group). Patients in control group were given only gelatin sponge particle,ane in research group were given the trisacryl gelatin microspheres combinee the gelatin sponge particle to embolize the bronchial artery. All cases were followee up for more than 12 months. Ane the effect of therapy was recoreee. Results In research group,42 cases(84. 0% ,42 / 50)were got the bleeeing stop immeeiately after embolization,7 cases in 72 h(14. 0% ,7 / 50),ane the effective rate of hemostasis was 98. 0%(49 / 50). In the control group,41 case(82. 0% ,41 / 50)were got the stop bleeeing immeeiately,8 cases in 72 h(16. 0% , 8 / 50),ane the effective rate of hemostasis was 98. 0%(49 / 50). There was no statistic eifference between two groups(P > 0. 05). After more than one year follow-up,3 cases(6. 12% )were reoccurree in the therapy group ane 15 cases(30. 61% )was in the control group. The eifference was significant between two groups after surgery for one year( χ2 = 9. 801,P < 0. 01 ). There was no serious complication in patients of two groups. Conclusion The operation of BAE is effective therapy for the massive hemoptoe,ane it is provee to be a safe,effective ane lower rate of recurrence approach of the trisacryl gelatin microspheres combinee the gelatin sponge particle for eouble embolzation the bronchial artery.

Objectives To detect the cord blood vitamin D level in neonates and to determine the association between the cord blood vitamin D level and neonatal outcomes. Methods A total of 223 eligible mother-and-singleton-offspring pairs were recruited. The information of mothers' pregnancy was collected by questionnaires. The weight, length, and head circumference of neonates were measured. The levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood of neonates and in blood of late pregnancy mothers were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The median concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood was 20.7 nmol/L, and 82.1% of neonate had vitamin D deficiency, and 12.1% had severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 nmol/L). The concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood was consistent with that in blood of late pregnancy mother. The distribution of concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood was significantly different in neonates in different seasons of birth (P<0.05). There were more cases <10 nmol/L in winter and spring. The concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood had no significant associations with the incidences of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) (P>0.05). After the variables of sex, gestational age and birth season are controlled, the birth weight and head circumference were significantly different in neonates with different concentrations of 25(OH)D in cord blood (P<0.05). Conclusions The concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood in term neonates was generally lower. The vitamin D status in neonates was consistet with that in their late pregnancy mothers. Cord blood 25(OH) D levels were associated with neonates' birth weight and head circumference, but it should be confirmed by larger sample size in the future.

Objective To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection of population and its risk factors in Eastern Dongting Lake area in 2012 and 2014,so as to provide the reference for formulating effective intervention mea-sures. Methods Junshan District was selected as a study field in Eastern Dongting Lake area. The method of spatial autocorre-lation analysis was applied to analyze the change of spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection in Junshan District in 2012 and 2014. The spatial regression model was fitted to detect the risk factors for human infection. Results The livestock infection rate in 2013 was lower than that in 2011. The average infection rate of schistosome was reduced to 0.55%in 2014. The spatial auto-correlation existed on the distribution of schistosomiasis in Junshan District in both 2012 and 2014 and 4 high incidence villages were identified. The results of the spatial error model showed that the prevalence of human infection was positively correlated with the infection rate of the livestock and the area of the susceptible environment in 2012. The spatial lag model showed that the prevalence of human schistosomiasis was positively correlated with the area of the susceptible environment ,but not with the in-fection rate of livestock. Conclusion The measures involving grazing prohibition and phasing out cattle and sheep are remark-ably effective and should continue on the basis of the current spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in this area.