Objective In order to explore the application and effects of PBL in integrated nursing course for senior vocational nursing students. Methods Nursing students were randomly divided into the experimental group( 122 students) and the control group( 189 students). PBL was applied to the experimental group while traditional method was applied to the control group during the course. All the students fulfilled the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV) before and after the course. Theory and practical examinations were administrated after the course. Results The experimental group was better in theory and practical examinations than the control group. There were significant differences in total score and some subscale scores of CTDI-CV between the two groups after the course, and also between the beginning and the end of PBL for the experimental group. Conclusions The application of PBL in integrated nursing course can effectively promote the mastery of knowledge and skills, and can improve the critical thinking ability.

An endogenous suppressor of apoptosis, the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins(IAP) plays a key role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. In recent years cancer researches have been focused on gene-specific inhibitors with IAP as the target, so as to seek gene therapeutic strategies of less toxicity and higher efficiency. As members of IAP family, survivin and livin are over-expressed in tumors. Meanwhile, Smac can directly inhibit IAP. These findings suggest a promising alternative strategy for developing novel anticancer therapies.-

Objective To evaluate the clinical pathology meaning of atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in cervical cytology. Methods The clinical data of 2118 cases who underwent cervical liquid thin-prep cell test (TCT) were analyzed retrospectively, ASCUS and squamous epithelium (SIL) were diagnosed according to the classification of the data TBS cytology, the histopathological examination results were tracked. Results The incidence of ASCUS was 3.4% (72/2218), and the ratio for SIL ( 1.2%, 25/2118) was 2.9. In the cellular pathology of ASCUS, there were four aspects, atypical surface cells and atypical hollowed cells in 16 cases (22.2%), atypical atrophy of the squamous epithelial cells in 11 cases (15.3%), atypical mature or immature metaplastic cells 28 cases (38.9%), atypical cells less influence diagnosis 17 cases (23.6%). Tracking the histologic findings in 43 cases with chronic cervicitis 22 cases (51.2%), low level squamous epithelium neoplasia in 12 cases (27.9%), high levels of squamous epithelial change in 8 cases (18.6%), squamous cell carcinoma 1 case(2.3%). Conclusion ASCUS exists within the risk of squamous lesions, management should be strengthened.

As the main drug in colorectal cancer chemotherapy,oxaliplatin is gradually infiltrated into other malignancies therapy.But oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy limits its clinical application.The mechanisms of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity are not yet clear.Recent researches show that the acute neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin is mediated through changes in Na + transient conductances.And the function of the mitogen-activated protein kinases in chronic neuropathy has already been demonstrated in vitro.Furthermore,numerous indicators can be used to predict oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy,which bring the hope for improving the continuity of chemotherapy and realizing personalized medicine therapy.

Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is a classic signaling pathway which controls embryonic development.Recent studies show that HH signaling pathway plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and development of cancer.Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is closely associated with malignant tumor metastasis,relapse and treatment resistance.HH pathway plays crucial roles in maintaining the characters of BCSCs,and will probably become a novel therapeutic target of breast cancers.

Objective Better drying methods of Forsythia suspense leaves was studied to provide some basis for the development and utilization of Forsythia suspense leaves. Methods A RP-HPLC method was used on XTerraTMRP8 (3.9 mm?150 mm, 5 ?m) column with acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid solution (12 : 88) as mobile phase for forsythoside. The detection wavelength of forsythoside was at 328 nm and detection temperature was 30 ℃. Results The contents of forsythoside was higher when dry, microwave drying, absorbent paper drying, steaming 2～10 min, cooking 2～10 min was used to deal with Forsythia suspense leaves. The contents of forsythoside was lower when dried, drying, infrared drying, vacuum drying was used to deal with Forsythia suspense leaves. Conclusion Steaming 2～10 min, cooking 2～ 10 min is more appropriate for drying of Forsythia suspense leaves, when factors of the contents of forsythoside, the cost and ease of operation were considerd.

Objective Chromatography fingerprint of Radix Codonopsis of different age from Shanxi province was studied to provide the reference for the science appraisal of intrinsic quality of Radix codonopsis. Method A RP-HPLC method was applied on GraceSmart-RP18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) column with acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid gradient elution as mobile phase, and the flow-rate was 0.6 mL/min. The detection wavelength was at 268 nm and the column temperature was at 30 ℃. Result Chromatography fingerprint of Radix Codonopsis can demonstrate obviously the difference and the similarity of Radix Codonopsis of different age. The RSD were lower than 3% in the precision, stability and the repetitiveness trial, and the codonopsis pilosula alkyne glucoside can be used as the reference to identify the active composition of Radix Codonopsis. Conclusion The method was simple, reproducible and reliable. The integrity of fingerprint can be used to supply the reference for the quality control of Radix Codonopsis from Shanxi provice.

Objective To explore the relationship between the associated expression of mucin MUC1、MUC2、Matrix Metalloproteinase(MMP-3)and clinicopathological parameters in colorectal adenoma and colorectal carcinoma.Methods The expression of MUC1、MUC2 and MMP-3 were detected in 20 colorectal adenomas and 60 colorectal carcinomas by immunohistochemical method.Results The positive expression rates of MUC1 、MUC2 and MMP-3 in 20 colorectal adenomas and 60 colorectal carcinomas were 10% 、46.7%(P=0.013);100%、58.3%(P=0.000);10%、41.7%(P=0.031)respectively.The expression of mucin MUC1 was negative correlated to the degree of differentiation(P=0.006),but positively correlated to the depth of invasion(P=0.004),lymph node metastasis(P=0.010),Dukes staging(P=0.033)and negafively correlated with proghosis.Mucin MUC2 expression was unrelated to differentiation(P=0.143),but negative correlated to the depth of invasion(P=0.016),lymph node metastasis(P=0.002).Dukes staging(P=0.005)and posifively correlated with survival period.The positive expression of MMP-3 was positively correlated to lymph node metastasis(P=0.002),but negatively correlated to prognosis.Associated detection of MUC1 、MUC2 and MMP-3 showed that MUC1 was negatively correlated to MUC2,MUC2+MUC1-gave the best prognosis,while MUC1+MUC2-gave the worst prognosis.Conclusions The up-regulation of MUC1、MMP-3 expression or down-regulation of MUC2 expression may be involved in carcinogenesis,progression,invasion and metastasis.And it is very important to predict the prognosis in colorectal carcinomas.

Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity and targeting ability of self-developed paclitaxel-octreotide (PTX-OCT) conjugates on A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and Calu-6 NSCLC cells. Methods: Conjugates PTX-OCT and 2PTX-OCT were synthesized by our school. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mRNA of human somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTRs) using specific primers. The cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 100 nmol/L and 1 ?mol/L) of paclitaxel and the conjugates for different time periods (24-72 h); we also set up a control group. MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability after treatment; cell cycle perturbations were determined by FAC Scan flow cytometer 24 h after treatment with 1 ?mol/L paclitaxel, PTX-OCT, and 2PTX-OCT. Results: Both A549 cell and Calu-6 cell expressed the mRNA of SSTR2 and SSTR5; no SSTR mRNA was detected in the fibroblasts. The conjugates had a similar cytotoxicity to paclitaxel; they both effectively inhibited the growth of A549 cells and Calu-6 cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. After 72 h treatment with 1 ?mol/L paclitaxel, PTX-OCT and 2PTX-OCT, the survival rates of A549 cells were (26.9?7.3)%, (26.6?9.2)% and (35.7?4.3)%, respectively; the survival rates of Calu-6 cells were (29.5?5.0)%, (28.2?9.7)% and (26.5?4.9)%, respectively. The survival rate A549 cells at 72 h after treatment was lower than that at 24 h after treatment(P

Objective To confirm the deviation between the present charge and real cost of nursing by comparing them between PICC and jugular veins catheter,and the advantages and disadvantages were weighed between them in tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods The cost of manpower,financial resources or materials for 106 patients with PICC,68 patients with jugular veins catheter were measured,accounted and statistically analyzed with the ladder sharing method for project cost.Comparing the cost between calculation cost and current charging standard,and the cost and clinical application was studied.Results The real cost of PICC was (2259.99±30.99)Yuan and current charging standard was 1532.79 Yuan,the deviation was -727.20 Yuan,and the real cost of jugular veins catheter was (393.86±33.93) Yuan,and current charging standard was 292.13 Yuan,the deviation was -101.73 Yuan.The complication rate was 12％ in PICC,17％ in jugular veins catheter.The real cost of nursing on PICC and jugular veins catheter was higher than current charging standard,and the real cost of single nursing on PICC was 5.74 times higher than jugular veins catheter.The cost remains unchanged with 4～6 course of chemotherapy treatments in a year.Conclusions The advantages of PICC are more than jugular veins catheter,so the preferred choice is PICC,and jugular veins catheter comes secondary.