Objective To express the novel fibronectin-binding protein Fba of group A streptococcus(GAS)and analyze its immunogenicity,so that to evaluate the immune responses to GAS infection.Methods fba gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and confirmed by sequencing.Then it was cloned into pGEX4T-2 vector and Fba protein was expressed in E.coli BL21.The protein expression was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Westernblot.The sera from mice infected with GAS and anti-streptolysin-O positive patients were detected using microtiter plates coated with purified Fba protein as antigen.Afterward Balb/C mice were immunized with this purified protein and the sera were collected after the third immunization for the detection of IgG titer.Results It was confirmed by ELISA and Western blot that the recombinant Fba protein had a specific affinity with anti-Fba sera of rabbit.The anti-serum IgG titer of mice imrnunized with Fba protein was up to 1:4800.Conclusions GAS infection or Fba protein immunization are able to induce high serum titer of anti-Fba which could react specifically with the recombinant Fba protein.It indicates that Fba protein has good immunogenicity and antigenicity.So Fba protein could be a GAS candidate vaccine and an important tool to detect anti-GAS titer in GAS infected patients.

Objective To explore the role of resveratrol (RES) on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy of rat induced by isoproternol (ISO) and the effect of Res on the expression of GRP78 and GRP94 in endoplasmic reticulum stress of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods Hypertrophic model of cardiomyocytes was induced by ISO.Cardiomyocytes was divided into four group: control group, the model group, RES+ISO group and RES group.Hypertrophy status of cardiomyocytes was determined by Leica 2Q500 image analysis system measuring the cell surface area and the gene expression of ANP.The content of LDH and MDA was measured in different groups, and the protein expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with control group, ISO induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, endoplasmic reticulum stress related factors GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression were increased, compared with ISO group, RES intervention effectively suppressed the cardiomyocytes hyper-trophy induced by ISO, reduced the protein expression of GRP78 and GRP94, at the same time, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) release in cell medium.Conclusions Treatment of RES may protect cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, which is partially mediated by inhibiting the expression of ERS factors GRP78 and GRP94.

BACKGROUND:Autophagy has become a rapidly developing research hotspot in the biomedical fields.Many researchers are actively exploring the molecular regulatory mechanism of autophagy in a variety of diseases.However,the role of autophagy in hair growth is still unknown. OBJECTIVE:To review the current research progress and application value of autophagy in hair growth and regeneration,to understand the role of autophagy in hair growth,to explore the pathogenesis of autophagy in pathological hair loss,and to provide new ideas for the study of drugs for hair loss. METHODS:Using"hair follicle growth,hair growth,hair regeneration,autophagy associated proteins,autophagy activity,autophagy associated genes,autophagy"as Chinese search terms and"hair growth,hair follicle,hair regeneration,autophagy"as English search terms,PubMed and CNKI databases were searched.The research progress on autophagy,hair growth and the role of autophagy in hair growth in and outside China in recent years was reviewed and summarized.Articles incompatible with the subject content of the paper were excluded.Finally,78 articles were included for the result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Autophagy is a normal metabolic process in eukaryotes with complex molecular mechanisms and functional properties,which is beneficial to cell survival and cell death.(2)Alopecia-related diseases are associated with changes in autophagy activity,which can regulate hair growth cycle.Knockout or overexpression of autophagy-related genes can change the state of hair growth.Multiple autophagy related signaling pathways have been found to be related to hair follicle growth.Activators or inhibitors of autophagy can be used to treat or prevent hair loss.

Objective:To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 1 patient diagnosed with PSS in the Department of Pediatrics of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University at February 2021.The data analyzed included clinical manifestations, biochemical tests and gene tests.Meanwhile, studies were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Internet database, Wanfang database, and PubMed database from the establishment of the database to December 2021 by taking " Potocki-Shaffer syndrome" " EXT2 gene" " AlX4 gene" and " PHF21A gene" as key words.Besides, genes were searched from the Online Frontal Analysis Mendelian Inheritance in Man.The clinical and genetic features of PSS patients were summarized. Results:The patient was 5 months and 21 days old, male, who was admitted to the hospital due to excessive growth in body mass for the past 3 months.The patient showed mental and motor retardation, overgrowth, concealed penis, hearing loss, and hypotonia.Whole exon sequencing of this patient revealed heterozygous deletions in the Chr11: 44069455-48188946 region, including the deletions of 3 autosomal dominant genes: EXT2, ALX4, and PHF21A.The patient was diagnosed with PSS.A total of 14 articles published in English were collected, involving this boy and other 35 patients.In these patients, 14 cases had point mutations, and 22 cases had large deletions. PHF21A gene variation was detected in 23 cases (dysgnosia in 22 cases, dyskinesia in 21 cases, language development delay in 18 cases). EXT2 gene variation was observed in 22 cases (exostoses in 13 cases). ALX4 gene variation was found in 19 cases (bilateral parietal foramina in 15 cases). Of 36 cases, 27 cases had craniofacial anomalies. Conclusions:The main clinical symptoms of PSS are language and motor developmental delay, intellectual disability, exostoses, bilateral parietal foramina, and craniofacial anomalies, which are closely related to 3 autosomal dominant genes ALX4, EXT2 and PHF21A.Genetic testing facilitates the clinical diagnosis of PSS, and the mutation types are dominated by point mutations and large deletions.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and prognostic factors in core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) under current therapy modalities, therefore optimizing the treatment strategies. Methods: Standard cytological and immune methods including next generation sequencing (NGS) were used for risk stratification. Complete remission (CR) rate, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by multivariate Logistic and Cox regression models in a total of 206 adults (aged 16-65 years) with CBF-AML, including 152 AML patients with t(8;21) and 54 with inv(16). Results: The CR rate of inv(16) patients after first course was 54/54(100%), significantly higher than that of t(8;21) patients [127/147(86.4%), P=0.005]. The fusion transcript level and KIT mutation were independent factors related to CR rate in t(8;21) patients (P=0.044 and 0.027; respectively). DFS and OS in inv(16) patients tended to be more superior than that in t(8;21) patients (P=0.066 for DFS; P=0.306 for OS; respectively). Multivariate Cox identified negative expression of CD₁₉ and female gender the independent predictors of inferior DFS in t(8;21) patients (P=0.000 for CD₁₉; P=0.006 for sex; respectively). Analysis of combining CD₁₉ with gender indicated that females/CD₁^9-subpopulation had significantly poor DFS than did males/CD₁₉⁺ ones (Bonferroni-P<0.000 01). The number of mutations in each patient, FLT3-ITD and additional karyotype abnormalities did not affect CR rate and DFS (all P>0.05). Conclusions Patients with inv(16) have better induction response than those with t(8;21). High level of fusion transcripts and positive KIT mutation are associated with low CR rate in t(8;21) patients. Negative CD₁₉ expression and female gender are independent predictors of inferior DFS in t(8;21) patients.