Objective:To study the osseointegration and new bone formation of titanium implants treated by sandblasting acid etching combined with plasma spraying tantalum coating in rats.Methods:After polishing and cleaning of the pure titanium specimens(SLA),the tantalum coating was prepared by plasma spraying after sandblasting and acid etching(SLA-Ta).The surface feature of the samples was observed by SEM,EDS and contact angle meter.The samples of SLA and SLA-Ta were respectively implanted into femur condyle at each side of 18 SD rats(SLA group and SLA-Ta group),and the rats were double-fluorescent labeled after surgery.The rats were sacrificed 4 and 12 weeks after implantation respectively(n=9),the samples of implants and surrounding tissue were examined by mi-cro-CT scanning,fluorescence microscopy and histological staining,the new bone formation and osseointegration around the implant were analyzed.Results:Micro-nano Porous structureed tantalum coating was successfully prepared on the surface of SLA titanium.In vivo experiments showed that 4 and 12 weeks after implantation,the amount of new bone and osseointegration around the implant in the SLA-Ta group were significantly higher than those in the SLA group.Conclusion:The micro-nano multi-level structure formed by SLA combined with plasma sprayed tantalum can promote new bone formation,accelerate mineralization deposition,and improve the osseoin-tegration capacity of the implant.