Objective To assess the effectiveness of osteoperiosteal decortication and extracortical bone-bridging in the treatment of atrophic humeral nonunions.Methods Nineteen patients with atrophic humeral nonuninon were treated by osteoperiosteal decortication and extracortical bone-bridging between March 2008 and April 2016.They were 12 men and 7 women,aged from 23 to 68 years (mean,36.6 years).The fracture was located at the left side in 10 cases and at the right side in 9.Before admission to our hospital,8 had received surgery once,6 twice and 5 thrice.The time from fracture to hospitalization ranged from 12 to 106 months (average,26.3 months).Shoulder function was evaluated by Neer scoring and elbow function by Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) at final follow-ups.Results All incisions healed by first intention.Two cases reported transient radial nerve symptoms of numbness.All the 19 patients were followed up for 28.9 months on average (range,from 13 to 78 months).Radiographic examinations showed signs of bone remodeling,disappearance of fracture lines and formation of extracortical bone bridge at 6 to 8 weeks after operation.All of them achieved radiographic union within 10 to 46 weeks (16.8 weeks on average).The Neer scores averaged 82.5 (range,from 70 to 98),giving 12 excellent cases,5 good ones and 2 fair ones.The MEPS averaged 84.4 (range,from 70 to 96),giving 11 excellent cases,5 good ones and 3 fair ones.Conclusion Osteoperiosteal decortication and extracortical bone-bridging in treatment of atrophic humeral nonunions can effectively induce osteogenesis and increase stability of broken ends,promoting bone healing.

Restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS), a compound stress model, has been widely used to induce acute gastric ulceration in rats. A wealth of evidence suggests that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) is a focal region for mediating the biological response to stress. Different stressors induce distinct alterations of neuronal activity in the CEA; however, few studies have reported the characteristics of CEA neuronal activity induced by RWIS. Therefore, we explored this issue using immunohistochemistry and in vivo extracellular single-unit recording. Our results showed that RWIS and restraint stress (RS) differentially changed the c-Fos expression and firing properties of neurons in the medial CEA. In addition, RWIS, but not RS, induced the activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the CEA. These findings suggested that specific neuronal activation in the CEA is involved in the formation of RWIS-induced gastric ulcers. This study also provides a possible theoretical explanation for the different gastric dysfunctions induced by different stressors.
Action Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus ; pathology ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Stress, Psychological ; etiology ; physiopathology

The thalamostriatal pathway is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, PD-related changes in the relationship between oscillatory activity in the centromedian-parafascicular complex (CM/Pf, or the Pf in rodents) and the dorsal striatum (DS) remain unclear. Therefore, we simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in both the Pf and DS of hemiparkinsonian and control rats during epochs of rest or treadmill walking. The dopamine-lesioned rats showed increased LFP power in the beta band (12 Hz-35 Hz) in the Pf and DS during both epochs, but decreased LFP power in the delta (0.5 Hz-3 Hz) band in the Pf during rest epochs and in the DS during both epochs, compared to control rats. In addition, exaggerated low gamma (35 Hz-70 Hz) oscillations after dopamine loss were restricted to the Pf regardless of the behavioral state. Furthermore, enhanced synchronization of LFP oscillations was found between the Pf and DS after the dopamine lesion. Significant increases occurred in the mean coherence in both theta (3 Hz-7 Hz) and beta bands, and a significant increase was also noted in the phase coherence in the beta band between the Pf and DS during rest epochs. During the treadmill walking epochs, significant increases were found in both the alpha (7 Hz-12 Hz) and beta bands for two coherence measures. Collectively, dramatic changes in the relative LFP power and coherence in the thalamostriatal pathway may underlie the dysfunction of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network circuits in PD, contributing to some of the motor and non-motor symptoms of the disease.
Animals ; Brain Waves ; physiology ; Corpus Striatum ; physiopathology ; Cortical Synchronization ; physiology ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; physiology ; Electrocorticography ; Male ; Neural Pathways ; physiopathology ; Oxidopamine ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; physiopathology ; Rats, Wistar ; Thalamic Nuclei ; physiopathology ; Walking ; physiology