Objective To study the safety and clinical efficacy of transurethral 120 W 2 μm laser prostate vaporesection in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Forty-one BPH cases were treated with 2 μm continuous wave laser prostate vaporesection.Laser output power was 120 w.International prostate symptom scores (IPSS) were collected on all patients before and after surgery at one,six and 12 months for maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post-voiding residual urine volume (PVR).Operative time,estimated bleeding loss,electrolyte changes,and the time of catheter removal were recorded and analyzed respectively.Results All procedures were successfully completed.The obstructive symptoms of lower urinary tract symptoms were relieved in varying degrees post-operatively.Preoperative and postoperative one,six and 12 months IPSS,Qmax and PVR showed statistical difference ( P ＜0.01 ).Operative time was 32.9 ± 10.7 min,decreased hemoglobin levels was 5.36 ± 2.78 g/L,no cases needed blood transfusion,and all patients were without electrolyte disturbance resulted in the safe perioperative period.The time of removal of the catheter was 2.5 ± 0.7 d.There was no secondary surgery,urinary incontinence,and complication such as bladder neck contracture at 12 months post-operative follow-up.Conclusions RevoLix 2 μm continuous wave laser prostate vaporesection as a treatment option for BPH is safe and effective over a short and long period of time.RevoLix 2 μm wave laser prostate vaporesection can significantly improve BPH patient symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic resec-tion and reconstructive surgeries in urology. Methods Retroperitoneal laparoseopic resection and re-constructive surgeries were performed on 245 patients including 17 cases of adrenalectomies, 32 cases of radical nephrectomies, 12 cases of partial nephrectomies, 53 cases of nephrectomies, 5 cases of nephroureterectomies, 6 cases of unroofing of peripelvie renal cysts, 46 cases of unroofing of renal cysts, 4 cases of unroofing of polyeystic kidneys, 12 cases of pyeloplasties, 58 cases of ureterolithoto-roles. Results All 245 surgeries were successfully completed. The mean operation time was 59 (20-250) min and the estimated blood loss was 5-300 ml with no transfusion. There was no serious complication during perioperative period. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection and re-conatruetive surgery in urology is safe and effective with the advantages of minimal invasion, quick re-covery and few complications.

Objective To evaluated the clinical value of laparoscopic techniques in radical cystectomy surgery for the treatment of bladder cancer. Methods Clinical data of 49 patients underwent radical cystectomy with Bricker ileal conduit diversion were retrospectively analyzed from October 2009 to August 2014, which laparoscopic radical cystectomy with Bricker ileal conduit 20 cases (Group A), open radical cystectomy with Bricker ileal conduit 29 cas-es (Group B). The blood loss during operation, operating time, gastrointestinal function recovery after operation, hos-pital stay after operation and complications were observed between the two groups. Results The blood loss during operation was significantly lower in Group A (416.66 ± 232.73) ml than in Group B (964.16 ± 445.73) ml ( <0.05), and hospital stay after operation was significantly lower in Group A (14.93 ± 2.72) days than in Group B (19.50 ± 3.16) days ( < 0.05), complication after operation was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B ( < 0.05). The operating time and gastrointestinal function recovery has no significantly difference between the two groups. Conclusions Laparoscopic radical cystectomy have advantages of minimal invasion, less blood loss, rapid recovery and less postoperative complications. It is a safe and effective surgical method. Long term effect need evaluated by follow up.

Objective To analyze the etiology and prognosis of severe complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods The clinical data of patients with severe complications after PCNL from December 2004 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Age of the patients ranged from 25 to 69 years old,with an average of 41 years.There were 64 cases with 29 male and 35 female.Fifty-five cases were diagnosed as renal calculi,including 21 cases of left renal calculi,19 cases of right renal calculi;15 cases of bilateral renal calculi;2 cases of the patients were bilateral upper ureteral calculi;7 patients were renal calculi upper ureteral calculi on the other side.In all cases,the maximum diameter of calculus was 1.8-4.3 cm (mean 2.6 cm) and hydronephrosis depth was 0-5.9 cm (mean 2.3 cm);15 cases were previously treated with nephrolithotomy.The modified Clavien grading system was used to evaluate surgical complications,and ≥grade Ⅲ complications were considered as serious complications.Results Among the 64 cases,28 cases were classified as Clavien Ⅲ class.There were 2 cases of bleeding in operation due to renal parenchyma laceration or multiple access,patients were treated with later open surgery.Postoperative bleeding were revealed in 22 cases,16 of which were hemorrhage from the nephrostomy tubes,4 of which complained of discontinuity gross hematuria and 2 postoperative bleeding were encountered during the nephrostomy tube remove.All the cases received renal arteriography and were diagnosed with pseudoaneurysm,bleeding were stopped after embolization.3 cases of pleural injury were treated with closed thoracic drainage,1 colon injury was treated with open colostomy.There were 32 cases of urinary sepsis considered as Clavien Ⅳ complications,and these patients were transferred to the Intensive Care Unit.Clavien Ⅴ class 4 cases:1 died of hemorrhagic shock due to pleural injury,2 cases died of urinary sepsis and multiple organ failure and another case died of pulmonary embolism.Conclusions PCNL has high risk of serious complications,which should be always strictly follow the principles.Adequate preoperative preparation,appropriate surgery access,carefully and gently operate,appropriate antibiotic use and postoperative management are the key measures to reduce the incidence of complications.

Ureteral calculi after lingual mucosal ureteral reconstruction are rare. In this paper, we reported a case of a male patient who had undergone robotic-assisted laparoscopic lingual mucosal right ureteroplasty. Calculi were found in the right reconstructed ureteral segment 4 months after surgery. Then the patient underwent transurethral ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy combined with a stone retrieval basket, and postoperative urological CT showed no residual calculi in the right ureter. No recurrence of right ureteral calculi or complications were observed during 20 months of follow-up.

Objective To investigate the timing of super-selective renal artery embolization (SRAE) for the treatment of renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) .Methods From June 2005 to February 2013 ,a total of 2 165 patients with upper urinary tract calculi underwent PCNL (2 384 PCNL procedures) and 16 of them suffered severe bleeding (0 .74% ) .In the 16 cases ,SRAE was used .The medical records of all the 16 cases were retrospectively analyzed .Results In 16 patients ,15 patients were successful with the first SRAE ,but 2 of them underwent an additional pure renal artery angiography (1 patient before SRAE and 1 patient after SRAE);1 healed after the second SRAE .The mean blood loss and transfusion volume were 32 .9 g/L and 250 mL before the first angiography/SRAE ,and an additional 3 .2 g/L and 0 mL before the second try .Although 1 patient died ,the oth-ers were recovered without complications .Conclusion SRAE should be adopted early for the treatment of severe renal hemorrhage after PCNL .However ,a second try should be considered for the repeated bleeding patients after the negative results of first renal artery angiography or SRAE .

Objective To establish a prostate urethral re-epithelialization model with Chinese rural canine by 2 μm laser vaporization resection.Methods We used 2 μm laser to vaporiz prostate of 15 uncastrated male Chinese rural canines from March to April in 2016.These canines mean age was (6.3 ± 0.6) years(ranging 5-7 years),and weight was (20.5 ± 1.3) kg(ranging 18-22 kg).We began to surgery in which we saw the protruding part of the prostate in urethra,and narrow prostate urethra after a successful anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate.The operation time,anesthesia time,survival rate,first time to drink water,first time to feed,first time to stand,first time to defecate,the time when canine bladders rinse became clear,wound healing time were recorded.After 3 days,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 weeks,we randomly select 3 canines to observe regeneration of prostate urethra wound under cystoscope.After surgery,the bladder,prostate and prostate distale urethra were removed to make specimen and measure the diameter size of prostate.The HE staining and immunohistochemistry was performed in each sample.Results The experimental operation time was (70.5 ± 18.3) min (ramging 50-90 min).The average anesthesia time was (120.1 ± 21.1) min (ranging 95-145 min).The survival rate was 100％.In post surgery duration first standing time,first eating time,first drinking water time,first defecation time were (6.5 ± 1.8) h,(10.3 ± 2.1) h,(23.7 ± 5.6) h,(26.3 ± 3.1) h,respectively.The time when canine bladders rinse became clear and wound healing time were (5.2 ± 1.6) d,(8.7 ± 1.5) d respectively.Cystoscopy observated that the wound was covered by pale necrotic tissue 3 d and 1 week after operation,covered by epithelium 2 weeks after operation,covered by more thicker epithelium 3 weeks after operation,covered by epithelium which color was close to normal urothelium 4 weeks after operation.HE staining observated that the wound wasn't covered by epithelium 3 d after operation,partial wound was covered by flaky single or 2-3 cubic regenerated epithelial 1 week after operation,all wound was covered by epithelial which was lack of polar 2 weeks after operation,wound was covered by polarity epithelium which was thicken to 5-6 layer and observated a little umbrella cells on the surface 3 weeks after operation,wound was covered by polarity epithelium which was thicken to 5-6 layer and observated much umbrella cells on the surface 4 weeks after operation.Immunohistochemical staining observated that urinary spot protein from the wound or epithelium was negative 3 d,1 and 2 weeks after operation,urinary spot protein from the part of epithelium was positive 3 weeks after operation,and urinary spot protein from all epithelium was positive 4 weeks after operation.Conclusion It is feasible to establish prostate urethral re-epithelialization model in the Chinese rural canine by 2 μm laser vaporization resection of the prostate.