Although echinocandins,a new generation of antifungal drugs,shows good fungicidal activity against distinct species of Candida,with the extending usage,the activity of echinocandins is gradually to decline,which is caused by different resistance mechanisms.Also,a number of factors may influence its results of susceptibility in vitro (e.g.,human serum,culture temperature in vitro,the pH of the culture medium,and others).Paradoxical effect of echinocandins has its own characteristics and need a further study.In China,there are a few reports about the instances of drug resistance because of the limited clinic application.The study on the echinocandins in prevalence rate of drug resistance and antifungal activity under different status has important clinical significance.

This paper reported protein (50. 81%),rude fat (6. 24%),amio acids and mineral elements of abalone Haloitis discus hannai. And the shell and meat of the abalone for medical use was also introduced.

By studying the developmental strategy of the revonal medical science and technology and implementation condition from 2001 to 2004 as well as systematically studying the national policy of the scientific and technical field,we proposed the developmental strategy of medical science and technology in Shanghai that the priority for the introduction,the application and the popularization of new or suitable technology should be given,also continuous advancement in technology should be kept.As a result,it is possible to provide the people a safer,more effective,convenient and moderately priced public health and basic medical service.During the past 5 years.we made an experimental work in selected Pudong in Shanghai.It Was proved that the strategy tallies with the actual situation of Pudong and is effectual in practice.

In this paper, the composition and contents of fatty acids in eight kinds of common shellfish in the Dalian Coast were studied. They were Neverita didyma and Neptunea cumingi of Gastropoda. Scapharca subcrenata, Mytilus edulis, chlamys farreri, Ruditapes philippinarum, Mactra veneriformis, Sinonovacula constrica of Lamellibranchia. Comparison with Stichopus japonicus, Penaeus orientalis, Upogebia and Portunus trituberculatus was also done. The results showed nutritive values of eight kinds of common shellfish.

In this paper five nutritive indexes of Ulva pertusa were measured in Liaoning coast. The results showed that in dry powder of Ulva pertusa, the protein was 6. 03% , crude fat was 3. 12%, carbohydrate 38. 88%, moisture content 12. 27%, ash content 39. 7, etc. In which the carbohydrate is made up of rhamnose, glucose, xylose, triose, fucose, mannose, galactose, arabinoe etc, measured with gas chromatography. There were many inorganic elements, such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium. The results indicate that Ulva pertusa is rich in nutritive components and can be developed into valuable function food.

In this paper the four indexes of two mussels-Mytilus edulis and Mytilus coruscus were measured. The four indexes were protein, amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids and inorganic elements. The contents of protein and crude fats in Mytilus coruscus were higher than those in Mytilus edulis. The contents of essential amino acids have no difference between the two mussels. Mytilus coruscus is a heavy seafood,as there are much more glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid in it. The content of docosahexenoic acid (DHA)in M. coruscus was much more than that of M. edulis. Except for Aluminium and Selenium,the other 12 kinds of elements in M. edulis were higher than those in M. coruscus. The contents of polyunsatu-rated fatty acids(PUFAs) were much more than those of monounsaturated acids (MUFAs)in M. coruscus. There is little difference of the content between PUFAs and MUFAs in M. edulis.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference indexs for the quality evaluation of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul. METHODS:Croy-TEM was used to detect the morphology of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul,laser nano-particle size analyzer was used to deter-mine the particle size,polydispersity index(PDI)and the zeta potential;UPLC was used to determine the drug loading of its ac-tive ingredient glycyrrhetinic acid;placing 10 d in 30 ℃,then stability was detected. RESULTS:Prepared Glycyrrhetinic acid li-po-emul was clear outline,structural integrity,roundlike and arranged closely;the mean particle size was(245.2±4.29)nm,PDI was (0.054 ± 0.01) and the mean zeta potential was (-6.25 ± 0.54) mV;the average drug loading of glycyrrhetinic acid was (1.25±0.09)mg/mL;the sample with mass concentration of 0.82 mg/mL showed good stability in within 10 d. CONCLUSIONS:Particle size,zeta potential,drug loading and stability can be used as the evaluation index of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of hydrophilic/hydrophobic nano-silica with different adding amount on the stabili-ty of lipo-emulsion. METHODS:Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emulsion 4 mL was taken,respectively adding into 0.5%,1.0%,1.5%(m/m,the same below) hydrophilic nSiO2,and 0.4%,0.75,1.0% hydrophobic nSiO2,incubating 2 h in 30 ℃ water;the same batch of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emulsion was treated as blank control. The forms were observed under electron microscopy after treatment,absorbance value was determined,the stability parameter (KE) was calculated according to the absorbance value,then the adding amount of nSiO2 was optimized,3 batches of preparations was prepared,and the verification test was conducted. RE-SULTS:The spherical structure was Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emulsion in the electron microscopy,the substance wrapping its sur-face white ring (fully wrapped) or semi-circular structure (not fully wrapped) was nSiO2. KE of hydrophilic nSiO2 were 4.66%, 5.01% and -2.08%,and KE of hydrophobic nSiO2 were 3.02%,4.51% and 7.24%. The optimized adding amount of hydrophilic nSiO2 was 0.2%,0.3% and 0.4%,hydrophobic nSiO2 was 0.1%,0.2% and 0.3%;KE were 6.19%,3.05%,7.84%,8.42%, 2.41%,2.93%,respectively. The optimal adding amount was 0.3% hydrophilic nSiO2 and 0.2% hydrophobic nSiO2;the 3 batches of preparation showed the optimum stability in its own adding amount. CONCLUSIONS:Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nSiO2 can improve the stability of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emulsion,and preferably 0.3%,0.2%.

Objective To analyse the nutrients of Acaudina leucoprocta and explore its hypolipidemic effect. Method The nutrients constituents of Acaudina leucoprocta were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography,and was compared with Apstichopus japonicus. The hyperlipidemia model was estabolished by feeding SD male mice with high fat feed. The change of liver index and fat coefficient as well as the effects on serum lipid,antioxidant capacity of serum in rats were observed. Results The fat content of Acaudina leucoprocta was only 0.43%,significantly lower than that of Apstichopus japonicus. The content of amino acids in Acaudina leucoprocta was higher than that of Apstichopus japonicus. Acaudina leucoprocta would decrease the liver index,fat coefficient and TC,TG,LDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C in serum significantly,and increase HDL-C and HDL-C/TC. MDA and NEFA contents were effectively reduced. GSH-Px activitives were enhanced. Conclusion Acaudina leucoprocta is very rich in protein,and low in fat content. It has hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects,and may reduce the oxidative damage caused by high fat diet. Acaudina leucoprocta may be used as a functional food.