Objective To study the relationship between intradialytic hypertension (IDH) and inflammatory factors in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods Forty maintenance hemodialysis patients were involved,including 20 patients with IDH (IDH group) and 20 patients without IDH(non-IDH group) during hemodialysis.All of them had no sign of acute infections or other progressive disease.The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin (IL)-1 β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before hemodialysis and 1,2,4 h after hemodialysis.The correlation of hypertension to CRP,IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α was analyzed.Results The levels of CRP,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α were increased in IDH group with the progress of hemodialysis,but were stable innon-IDH group.Logistic regression analysis indicated that there were positive correlations between CRP (r =0.3652),IL-1β (r =0.3261 ),IL-6(r =03156),TNF- α (r =0.3324) and blood pressure during hemodialysis (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The levels of CRP,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 are positively related to the IDH in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of different sputum suction methods on the incidences of pulmonary infections in patients with mechanical ventilation.Methods Four hundred and sixty-six patients with mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into study group(n=219)and control group(n=247).The two groups were treated with continued balloon filling and airway humidification.Besides,the control group received conventional open sputum suction and the study group closed continuous negative pressure sputum suction.The two groups were compared in terms of incidence of pulmonary infections.Result The incidence of the study group(8.2%)was significantly lower than that of the control group(14.6%)(χ2=4.58,P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the traditional open conventional sputum suction method,closed continuous negative pressure sputum suction may be more effective in reducing the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with mechanical ventilation.

ObjectiveTo discuss the effects of adsorption(AP) combined with continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH) on the serum inflammatory mediators levels in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients.Methods Sixty-three SIRS patients were divided into treatment group (31 cases,AP combined with CVVH ) and control group (32 cases,CVVH ) by random digits table method.The changes of the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ),C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin (IL)-1,IL-6 and IL-10 before and after treatment were compared in two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the serum TNF-α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 before treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).The serum TNF- α,CRP,IL- 1,IL-6,IL- 10 decreased after 2,26 and 50 h treatment compared with those before treatment in treatment group[after 2 h treatment:(226.4 ± 27.6) ng/L,(70.4 ± 22.1 ) mg/L,(30.1 ±2.9) ng/L,(227.5 ± 13.2) ng/L,(40.0 ±5.2) ng/L; after 26 h treatment:(165.3 ±24.5) ng/L,(58.2 ±25.1) mg/L,(18.2 ±2.7) ng/L,(82.4 ±7.2) ng/L,(26.2 ±4.3) ng/L; after 50 h treatment:( 120.6 ± 19.2) ng/L,(46.2 ± 24.6) mg/L,( 12.4 ± 2.3 ) ng/L,(38.1 ± 4.4 ) ng/L,( 15.2 ± 2.1 ) ng/L; before treatment:(350.8 ± 40.2) ng/L,( 126.4 ± 34.6) mg/L,(38.2 ± 3.6) ng/L,(307.7 ± 15.1 ) ng/L,(60.2 ± 9.3)ng/L,P ＜0.05].The serum TNF-α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 decreased after 26 and 50 h treatment compared with those before treatment in control group [after 26 h treatment:(262.7 ± 29.4) ng/L,(86.4 ±23.7) mg/L,(29.6 ± 3.1) ng/L,( 175.0 ± 10.6) ng/L,(42.7 ± 5.4) ng/L; after 50 h treatment:(219.3 ±25.6 ) ng/L,(75.6 ± 24.0) mg/L,(23.5 ± 2.8 ) ng/L,(99.0 ± 8.2 ) ng/L,(29.3 ± 4.8 ) ng/L; before treatment:(352.5 ± 40.4) ng/L,( 123.2 ± 35.2) mg/L,(37.5 ± 3.8) ng/L,(308.2 ± 15.3) ng/L,(58.4 ± 8.8) ng/L,P ＜0.05].There were significant differences in the serum TNF- α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 after 2,26 and 50 h treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionAP combined with CVVH can effectively decrease the serum inflammatory mediators in SIRS patients and it's therapeutic effect is superior to mere CVVH.

Objective To investigate the change of high mobility group box 1 ( HMGBI ) after intestine ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in rats, compare the effect of drainage of intestine lymph fluid on gut barrier, and ex- plore the possible mechanism of iachemia-reporfusion injury. Methods Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (SPF grade) were randomly divided into4 groups with 8 rats in each group: blank group, sham group, intestine is-chemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, and intestine ischemia-reperfusion with drainage of intestine lymph fluid (I/R +drainage) group. Indicators of gut barrier function damage, translocation of endotoxin, and change of HMGB1 and cytokines were detected after intestine ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results The gut barrier function damage and levels of endotoxin, HMGBI, tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α), interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were significantly lower in blank group and sham group than in I/R group and I/R + drainage group ( P < 0. 05 ). Compared with the intestine I/R + drainage group, the levels of endotoxin and cytokines were significantly higher in the intestine I/R group. The level of HMGB1 was slightly higher than that in the intestine I/R + drainage group, but such difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0. 05 ). lmmunohistochemical staining also revealed that the expression of HMGB1 was significant- ly higher in I/R group than in I/R + drainage group. Conclusions Intestine iachemia-reperfusion injury can lead to the injury of intestine mucosal barrier and increase HMGB1 level HMGB1 may deteriorate gut barrier function and increase the leveh of systemic cytokines. Drainage of lymph fluid can block the gut-lymph pathway and thus decrease the levels of endotoxin and cytokines in systemic circulation and attenuate intestine ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To study the success experience of native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) operation,and provide a new reference range of blood vessel diameter for evaluating the success rate of AVF operation before surgery.Methods To proceed AVF operation to patients with 5 phase of chronic kidney disease,before surgery,patients should receive the vascular ultrasound and cardiac ultrasound to record the diameter of radio artery and cephalic vein along with the radio artery blood flow.Patients were divided into two groups:observation group(cephalic vein diameter< 2 mm)and control group(cephalic vein diameter > 2.0 mm). All those indexes examined before were re-examined 1 month after surgery. Except vessel diameter, the AVF blood flow velocity was also recorded. The range of the mature period was measured, along with the blood flow of each AVF 1 month after its initial use. The blood vessel diameter before surgery,the mature period of AVF and the blood flow on the machine of dialysis 1 month after the initial use were measured to evaluate the operation results of each group. Results In the observation group, 23 of the 25 patients showed the optimistic results. Unfortunately, 1 of the 2 pessimistic results showed the absence of vascular murmur,and the other one died of natural death before its initial use.The mature period of AVF for hemodialysis was(47.29 ± 2.45)d,significantly longer than that of control group (36.00 ± 1.29) d, and there was statistical difference (P<0.01). The blood flow of observation group showed no significant difference compared to that of control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions The patients with cephalic vein diameter<2.0 mm before operation needs a long mature period,but the blood flow after dialysis is not affected,and a good success rate is obtained.

Background and Purpose:Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Europan and North American males.The incidence of prostate cancer has also been increasing during the past few decades in China.It is widely accepted that this heterogeneity,which results from the tumor progression driven largely by genomic instability(genetic and/or epigenetic alterations)of tumor cells in primary tumor,endows specific populations of tumor cells with the unique character needed for invasion,migration,and metastasis colony formation in other organs and only these subpopulations possessing thost character can survive the potentially destructive journey from the primary tumor to the sites of metastases.The purpose of the present study was to explore the genes associated with invasion and metastasis of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3M in nude mice.Methods:After PC-3M cells were inoculated into orthotopic site(prostate) in a male nude mouse for two months,tumor cells were isolated from the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis,separately.Cell invasion and adhesion ability in vitro were first compared between two cells.Then metastasis-related genes differentially expressed between them were analyzed by utilizing cDNA microarray technique.Results:The in vitro cell invasion and adhesion potential of tumor cells from lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than those from primary tumor by 2.5 fold and 1.5 fold,respectively.Metastasis-related genes differentially expressed between those two sublines were identified,all of them were up-regulated in the tumor cells from lymph node metastasis and could be categorilized: 1.genes encoding cellular matrix-degrading proteolytic enzyme including cathepsin and MMP.2.genes encoding transcription factors.3.genes related to heterotypic adhesion of tumor cells.4.genes encoding cell surface receptors.Conclusions:There are significant differences in invasion and adhesion potential between cells from primary tumor and those from lymph node metastasis.Some differentially expressed molecules might be playing pivotal roles in promoting tumor cells to migrate from primary tumors to distant metastases,which may be helpful to elucidate the possible mechanism of metastasis in prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the (CGG)n repeats of FMR1 gene among patients with unexplained mental retardation. METHODS: For 201 patients with unexplained mental retardation, the (CGG)n repeats of the FMR1 gene were analyzed by PCR and FragilEase RESULTS: For the 201 patients with unexplained mental retardation, 15 were identified with full mutations of the FMR1 gene. The prevalence of fragile X syndrome (FXS) in patients with unexplained mental retardation was determined as 7.5% (15/201). Prenatal diagnosis was provided for 6 pregnant women with pre- or full mutations. Analysis revealed that women with mental retardation and full FMR1 mutations exhibited a skewed XCI pattern with primary expression of the X chromosome carrying the mutant allele. CONCLUSION FXS has a high incidence among patients with unexplained mental retardation. Analysis of FMR1 gene (CGG)n repeats in patients with unexplained mental retardation can facilitate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for their families. FMR1 gene (CGG)n repeats screening should be recommended for patients with unexplained mental retardation.
Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics* ; Fragile X Syndrome/genetics* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Jiangsu province during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in China from December 7, 2022 to January 27, 2023, and to analyze the influencing factors of all-cause death.Methods:It was a multi-center cross-sectional investigation. Structured questionnaire was used to collect patient information by medical staff of each hemodialysis center (room) as investigators. Part of the demography data and laboratory examination data came from the Jiangsu Province Hemodialysis Data Information System. MHD patients from hemodialysis centers (rooms) at all levels of medical institutions and independent hemodialysis institutions in Jiangsu province during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, and the clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality of confirmed and suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed.Results:Questionnaire surveys and data analysis on 57 278 patients in 407 hemodialysis centers (rooms) were completed, accounting for 90.41% of the total number of MHD patients (63 357 cases) in Jiangsu province during the same period. There were 24 038 cases (41.97%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 14 805 cases (25.85%) of suspected infection, which were widely distributed in all dialysis centers in Jiangsu province. After clinical classification of 38 843 confirmed and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, 3 662 cases were severe and critical cases, accounting for 9.43% of the infected and suspected cases. Among the patients who had completed the questionnaires, there were 1 812 all-cause deaths, with an all-cause mortality rate of 3.16%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elderly (taking ≤50 years as a reference, 51-59 years: OR=1.583, 95% CI 1.279-1.933, P=0.001; 60-69 years: OR=3.972, 95% CI 3.271-4.858, P<0.001; 70-79 years: OR=7.236, 95% CI 5.917-8.698, P<0.001; ≥80 years: OR=11.738, 95% CI 9.459-14.663, P<0.001), male ( OR=1.371, 95% CI 1.229-1.529, P<0.001), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (positive serum HBV surface antigen, OR=0.629, 95% CI 0.484-0.817, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for all cause mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for male, age and current HBV infection prediction of all-cause death was 0.529 ( P<0.001), 0.724 ( P<0.001) and 0.514 ( P=0.042), respectively, and the cut-off value for age prediction of all-cause death was 65.5 years old. Compared with patients without HBV infection, MHD patients with HBV infection significantly reduced the proportion of severe and critically ill patients, all-cause hospitalizations and all cause deaths when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (4.99% vs. 6.41%, χ2=6.136, P=0.013; 8.90% vs. 11.44%, χ2=11.662, P<0.001; 2.01% vs. 3.37%, χ2=10.713, P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion:The MHD patients in Jiangsu province are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Elderly age and male gender are independent risk factors for death in MHD patients during the epidemic, while the HBV infection may be a protective factor for death of MHD patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the global cancer-associated thromboembolism risk assessment tools based on evidence- based methods， and to provide methodological reference and evidence-based basis for constructing a specific tool in China. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on 6 databases， including CNKI， Wanfang data， VIP， CBM， PubMed， and Embase， as well as on the websites of NCCN， ASCO， ESMO and so on with a deadline of June 30， 2022. Furthermore， a supplementary search was conducted in January 2023. The essential characteristics and methodological quality of included risk assessment tools were described and analyzed qualitatively， focusing on comparing each assessment stratification ability. RESULTS Totally 14 risk assessment tools were included in the study， with a sample size of 208-18 956 cases and an average age distribution of 53.1-74.0 years. The applicable population included outpatient cancer student@sina.com patients， lymphoma patients， and multiple myeloma patients，etc. The common predictive factors were body mass index， venous thromboembolism history， and tumor site. All tools had undergone methodological validation， with 9 presented in a weighted scoring format. Only seven tools were used simultaneously for specificity， sensitivity， negative predictive value （NPV）， positive predictive value （PPV） and area under the curve （AUC） or C statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS The risk of bias in constructing existing tools is high， and the heterogeneity of tool validation results is significant. The overall methodological quality must be improved， and its risk stratification ability must also be investigated. There are still certain limitations in clinical practice in China.

There remains a significant gap in our quantitative understanding of crosstalk between apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. By employing the SWATH-MS technique, we quantified absolute amounts of up to thousands of proteins in dynamic assembling/de-assembling of TNF signaling complexes. Combining SWATH-MS-based network modeling and experimental validation, we found that when RIP1 level is below ~1000 molecules/cell (mpc), the cell solely undergoes TRADD-dependent apoptosis. When RIP1 is above ~1000 mpc, pro-caspase-8 and RIP3 are recruited to necrosome respectively with linear and nonlinear dependence on RIP1 amount, which well explains the co-occurrence of apoptosis and necroptosis and the paradoxical observations that RIP1 is required for necroptosis but its increase down-regulates necroptosis. Higher amount of RIP1 (>~46,000 mpc) suppresses apoptosis, leading to necroptosis alone. The relation between RIP1 level and occurrence of necroptosis or total cell death is biphasic. Our study provides a resource for encoding the complexity of TNF signaling and a quantitative picture how distinct dynamic interplay among proteins function as basis sets in signaling complexes, enabling RIP1 to play diverse roles in governing cell fate decisions.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 8/metabolism* ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism* ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Necroptosis ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism*