Although echinocandins,a new generation of antifungal drugs,shows good fungicidal activity against distinct species of Candida,with the extending usage,the activity of echinocandins is gradually to decline,which is caused by different resistance mechanisms.Also,a number of factors may influence its results of susceptibility in vitro (e.g.,human serum,culture temperature in vitro,the pH of the culture medium,and others).Paradoxical effect of echinocandins has its own characteristics and need a further study.In China,there are a few reports about the instances of drug resistance because of the limited clinic application.The study on the echinocandins in prevalence rate of drug resistance and antifungal activity under different status has important clinical significance.

This paper reported protein (50. 81%),rude fat (6. 24%),amio acids and mineral elements of abalone Haloitis discus hannai. And the shell and meat of the abalone for medical use was also introduced.

In this paper the four indexes of two mussels-Mytilus edulis and Mytilus coruscus were measured. The four indexes were protein, amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids and inorganic elements. The contents of protein and crude fats in Mytilus coruscus were higher than those in Mytilus edulis. The contents of essential amino acids have no difference between the two mussels. Mytilus coruscus is a heavy seafood,as there are much more glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid in it. The content of docosahexenoic acid (DHA)in M. coruscus was much more than that of M. edulis. Except for Aluminium and Selenium,the other 12 kinds of elements in M. edulis were higher than those in M. coruscus. The contents of polyunsatu-rated fatty acids(PUFAs) were much more than those of monounsaturated acids (MUFAs)in M. coruscus. There is little difference of the content between PUFAs and MUFAs in M. edulis.

ObjectiveTo discuss the effects of adsorption(AP) combined with continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH) on the serum inflammatory mediators levels in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients.Methods Sixty-three SIRS patients were divided into treatment group (31 cases,AP combined with CVVH ) and control group (32 cases,CVVH ) by random digits table method.The changes of the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ),C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin (IL)-1,IL-6 and IL-10 before and after treatment were compared in two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the serum TNF-α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 before treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).The serum TNF- α,CRP,IL- 1,IL-6,IL- 10 decreased after 2,26 and 50 h treatment compared with those before treatment in treatment group[after 2 h treatment:(226.4 ± 27.6) ng/L,(70.4 ± 22.1 ) mg/L,(30.1 ±2.9) ng/L,(227.5 ± 13.2) ng/L,(40.0 ±5.2) ng/L; after 26 h treatment:(165.3 ±24.5) ng/L,(58.2 ±25.1) mg/L,(18.2 ±2.7) ng/L,(82.4 ±7.2) ng/L,(26.2 ±4.3) ng/L; after 50 h treatment:( 120.6 ± 19.2) ng/L,(46.2 ± 24.6) mg/L,( 12.4 ± 2.3 ) ng/L,(38.1 ± 4.4 ) ng/L,( 15.2 ± 2.1 ) ng/L; before treatment:(350.8 ± 40.2) ng/L,( 126.4 ± 34.6) mg/L,(38.2 ± 3.6) ng/L,(307.7 ± 15.1 ) ng/L,(60.2 ± 9.3)ng/L,P ＜0.05].The serum TNF-α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 decreased after 26 and 50 h treatment compared with those before treatment in control group [after 26 h treatment:(262.7 ± 29.4) ng/L,(86.4 ±23.7) mg/L,(29.6 ± 3.1) ng/L,( 175.0 ± 10.6) ng/L,(42.7 ± 5.4) ng/L; after 50 h treatment:(219.3 ±25.6 ) ng/L,(75.6 ± 24.0) mg/L,(23.5 ± 2.8 ) ng/L,(99.0 ± 8.2 ) ng/L,(29.3 ± 4.8 ) ng/L; before treatment:(352.5 ± 40.4) ng/L,( 123.2 ± 35.2) mg/L,(37.5 ± 3.8) ng/L,(308.2 ± 15.3) ng/L,(58.4 ± 8.8) ng/L,P ＜0.05].There were significant differences in the serum TNF- α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 after 2,26 and 50 h treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionAP combined with CVVH can effectively decrease the serum inflammatory mediators in SIRS patients and it's therapeutic effect is superior to mere CVVH.

Objective:To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients complicated with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease, in order to provide basis for clinical therapy.Methods:The clinical findings, imaging and etiological data of the 71 AIDS patients complicated with disseminated NTM disease admitted to Beijing You′an Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 71 patients with disseminated NTM disease, the most common initial symptom was fever, followed with cough, expectoration, fatigue, poor appetite, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Seventy point four percent (50/71) of these patients had at least two comorbidities, with oral candida infection, cytomegalovirus infection, syphilis, pneumocystis pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia being the most common. Hemoglobin ((87.8±24.2) g/L) and albumin ((27.3±7.0) g/L) levels significantly decreased, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate ((59.8±28.6) mm/1 h) and C-reactive protein ((74.7±50.8) mg/L) levels increased in most cases. The median CD4 + T lymphocyte count was 7×10 6/L. The median time of positive blood culture of NTM was 260 h. Among the 71 patients, 40 cases (56.3%) were infected with Mycobacterium avium, 15 cases (21.1%) with Mycobacterium intracellulare, 10 cases (14.1%) with Mycobacterium colombiense, three cases (4.2%) with Mycobacterium marseillense and three cases (4.2%) with Mycobacterium kansasii.The frequent imaging findings were patchy and nodular shadows in lungs, and most patients had mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement and splenomegaly. Conclusions:AIDS complicated with disseminated NTM disease is prevalently occurred in patients with severe immune deficiency, and most of the bacteria belong to the Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare complex. Early obtaining positive etiological results of NTM is essential to guide the correct clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment.