Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT) is the most common childhood idiopathic focal epilepsy and used to be considered as one of the childhood epilepsy syndromes with the best prognosis. In recent years, more and more studies have found that patients with BECT have varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction. This article reviews some of research progresses in the clinical features, neuropsychology and neuroimaging of patients with BECT, in order to explore the effects of seizures, age of onset, interictal discharges, changes of brain structure and functional network, as well as antiepileptic drugs on cognitive function in patients with BECT.