Objective To investigate the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofotate reductase (MTHFR)C677T polymorphisms and H-type hypertension and increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Methods From September 2013 to June 2014,4 012 permanent residents aged ≤30 year from 12 natural villages or communities in 6 regions of Hunan province were extracted according to the cluster random sampling method. Using computer random number table,571 residents were randomly selected as the research objects. According to the blood pressure and Hcy levels,571 residents were divided into 3 groups:a common hypertension group (n = 190),an H-type hypertension group (n = 94),and a normal blood pressure group (n = 287 ). Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR)method was used to detect the MTHFR C677T polymorphisms in all the research objects and the penotyping was performed. Hcy levels were detected at the same time. Results There were significant differences in recessive model (CC + CT,TT)genotype frequencies among the H-type hypertension group (n = 66[70. 2%],n = 28[29. 8%]),common hypertension group (n = 156[82. 1%],n = 34[17. 9%]), and normal blood pressure group (n = 235[81. 9%],n = 52[18. 1%])(χ2 = 6. 797,P = 0. 033),and there were no significant differences in CC,CT,and TT genotype frequencies among the 3 groups (P >0. 05). In the recessive model,there were significant differences in TT genotype frequencies between the H-type hypertension group and the normal blood pressure group or the common hypertension group (χ2 = 5. 812,P = 0. 016;χ2 = 5. 212,P = 0. 022). There was no significant difference in TT genotype frequencies between the common hypertension group and the normal blood pressure group (P > 0. 05). The CC + CT and TT genotype Hcy levels of the MTHFR C677T recessive model in the H-type hypertension group were 17. 1 ±1. 6 and 19. 0 ±2. 9 μmol/ L respectively. There was significant difference between the genotypes (t = - 3. 115,P = 0. 004). The logistic regression analysis of MTHFR C677T recessive model genotype showed that after adjusting for sex and age,the residents with recessive model TT genotype had higher risk of H-type hypertension (OR,1. 946,95% CI 1. 172 -3. 232,P = 0. 01). Conclusion The TT MTHFR C677T gene mutation in this population may be an important genetic factor for the increased Hcy levels and the onset of H-type hypertension.

Aim To investigate the effect of puerarin on proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells and the expression of TRPM3 mRNA.Methods Proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of puerarin in MC3T3-E1 cells were determined using CCK-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity assay, and Alizarin Red Staining, respectively.Effect of puerarin on cell cycle and intracellular calcium concentration of MC3T3-E1 cells was detected by flow cytometry.RT-PCR was used to detect the effect of puerarin on TRPM3 mRNA expression.Resuls 0.1, 1, 10 μmol·L-1 puerarin significantly promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, reduced the proportion of cells in G1 phase, increased the proportion of G2 and S phase, of which 0.1 μmol·L-1 concentration effect was the most significant.Compared with control group, the ALP activity and mineralized nodule area of 0.1 μmol·L-1 puerarin group were significantly increased.The expression of TRPM3 mRNA and the intracellular calcium concentration were significantly decreased in 0.1 μmol·L-1 puerarin group.Conclusion Puerarin can promote the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, and reduce the expression level of TRPM3 mRNA and intracellular calcium concentration.

Objective To explore the effect of team-based individualized health management on health literacy and health status among hypertensive patients in community. Method This study was a self-controlled quasi-experimental design. A two-stage cluster random sampling method was used. Two neighborhood committees among 23 neighborhood committees in Desheng community were randomly sampled. The name list of hypertensive patients were obtained from the 2 sampled neighborhood committees, getting one from each five, 470 in total before intervention and 444 in total after. The two groups of patients before and after intervention had comparability in the social demographic characteristics as the age (67.16± 9.84, 66.47 ± 10.50 years), the gender (the male accounted for 47.00%and 44.10%), the ethnicity (the Han accounted for 93.80%and 92.30%) and the marital status(the married accounted for 91.30%, 88.90%)(t=1.447 χ2 =0.774, 1.595, 2.555, P>0.05). Since July 2013, Desheng community health service center intervened the hypertensive patients by team-based individualized health management. After one year, we compared the change of their health literacy and health status. Result After health management, the proportion of hypertensive patients with adequate health literacy increased from 38.50% to 53.40%, The average rate of health knowledge awareness among them increased from 65.30% to 75.30%. The average accuracy of health services utilization skills of them increased from 49.10%to 70.90%, lifestyle behaviors in dietary and in exercise the average increase was from 35.55, 17.07 to 37.05, 21.28 respectively, after the intervention the patients did better work in self management behavior, such as self-test of blood pressure, medication compliance and control of salt intake (74.40%, 87.60%, 80.00%) were obviously better than before intervention (61.30%, 68.30%, 62.20%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =16.813, 48.295, 52.058, P<0.05). After health management, the self-report health was better among hypertensive patients. The proportion of them with normalized blood pressure increased from 72.90% to 79.50%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Team-based individualized health management could increase health literacy of hypertensive patients in community and improve their health status obviously.

Aim To study proliferation capacity of cell and the target relationship between microRNA and Runx2 after effect of puerarin on osteoblasts MC3 T3-E1 . Methods The proliferation capacity of cell was detected by MTT after effect of puerarin on osteoblasts MC3 T3-E1 . The vitality of osteoblasts was detected by activity of alkaline phosphatase. The expression level of mRNA and protein of Runx2 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. The result of miRNA expression spectrum was compared with the predicted result to determine the Runx2-targeting miR-NAs. The expression levels of miRNAs possiby targeted to Runx2 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The RhoE 3′UTR vector and RhoE mut 3′UTR vector were constructed. miRNA-204 mimics and miRNA-204 NC were synthetised. The target genes were verified by dual luciferase report gene assay. Results After osteo-blasts treated with puerarin, proliferation capacity and activity of cells were enhanced , expression levels of mRNA and protein of Runx2 were both increased , the expression levels of miRNA-204 and miRNA-344 f-5 p were declined, the expression levels of miRNA-2861 was increased,the expression levels of miRNA-23a-5p, miRNA-770-5 p and miRNA-871-5 p showed no obvious change. According to the results of dual luciferase re-porter gene method after cell transfection of 48 h, only set of 3′UTR Runx2+mimics the miRNA-204 of fluo-rescein protein expression level decreased significantly, showing only the miRNA-204 inhibits Runx2 3′UTR report gene expression. Conclusion Puerarin pro-motes the proliferation of osteoblasts and regulates the miRNAs which possibly target to Runx2 .

AIM: To explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on cardiac myocyte apoptosis in mouse congestive heart failure induced by myocardial infraction.METHODS: The mouse model of heart failure was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary to produce acute myocardial infarction.Thirty-two mice were divided into 4 groups: sham group and groups of post-operation at time points of 2,4 or 6 weeks,respectively.The ventricular dilatation and left ventricular functions were assessed by echocardiography.The expression of GRP78,CHOP,caspase-12,cleaved caspase-12,JNK and phosphorylated-JNK was detected by Western blotting.The cardiac myocyte apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL).RESULTS: The cardiac expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones GRP78 was significantly increased in the hearts with functional failure.The upregulated expression of CHOP,phosphorylated-JNK and cleaved caspase-12 illuminated that the CHOP-JNK-caspase-12 dependent pathways for endoplasmic reticulum-initiated apoptosis were activated in the heart with functional failure by myocardial infraction.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the congestive heart failure induced by myocardial infraction is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of CHOP,JNK,caspase-12 dependent pathways for endoplasmic reticulum-initiated apoptosis.

GFAP.Conclusion RA is the best factor for neurons and astroglia,and RA+EGF+bFGF are the best for oligodendrocytes.

Objective By investigating the obesity of the adult population in Hunan,we explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) [including waist circumference (WC),waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),waist-to-body ratio (WHtR) and H-type hypertension] in predicting H-type hypertension.Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory testing on 4 012 adults ＞ 30 years old in 6 districts of Hunan Province.The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive effects of BMI,WC,WHR and WHtR on H-type hypertension.Results ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under curve (AUC) of the evaluation of H-type hypertension of WC,WHtR,WHR and BMI in men were:0.637,0.640,0.601,0.639,of which the largest were combination of WC + BMI and WHtR + BMI,both being 0.647.In women,the AUC of individual indexes WC,WHtR,WHR and BMI for evaluating H-type hypertension were 0.660,0.670,0.660 and 0.604 respectively.The combination of WHtR and WHR had the largest AUC,which was 0.675.The WC for evaluating H-type hypertension in youth people had the largest AUC (0.732);the WC + BMI,WHR + BMI for evaluating H-type hypertension in middle-aged people had the largest AUC,all being 0.687;the WC predicted the largest AUC of H-type hypertension in elderly people (0.590).Conclusions WC,WHtR,WHR and BMI are important predictors of H-type hypertension.The optimal indicators for different genders and ages are different,and the combined indicators are better than the individual indicators.

Objective To investigate the incidence of enteric pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among children to measure the incidence of coinfections,and to compare the clinical characteristics of those infected with one versus multiple agents.Methods A retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2014.All patients between 1 month and 14 years of age admitted to the Pediatric department with a diagnosis of AGE were eligible for enrollment.Two stool samples for each patient were tested for gastrointestinal pathogens.We summarized the clinical severity of episodes,describing the duration of diarrhea,duration and frequency of vomiting,fever.All patients underwent medical evaluation with estimation of dehydration.Results One or more etiological agents were detected in 3595 out of 4728 patients(76.0％),while we did not detect any etiological agent in 1133 (24.0％).Rotavirus was detected in 1889 (40.0％),adenovirus in 412 (8.7 ％),norovirus in 309 (6.5 ％),verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) in 274 (5.8 ％),Salmonella spp.in 276(5.8％),Klebsiella pneumoniae in 123 (2.6％),Shigella spp.in 78 (1.6％),Staphylococcus aureus in 70 (1.5％),C.perfringens in 126(2.7％).In 1370 children out of 4728(29.0％),we found evidence of coinfection.with rotavirus and norovirus was the most common 150 (3.2％),rotavirus and C.perfringens was also common 127(2.7％).Children with coinfection had a more severe clinical presentation.The difference has statistical significance.Conclusion Rotavirus is still the most common pathogen in children with acute diarrhea,followed by NV,adenovirus,Salmonella spp.and VTEC.Rotavirus with norovirus infection was the most common.VTEC combined with three kinds of virus infection had the highest incidence.Children with multiple viral infections were more severe than those of single virus infection in the duration of vomiting and dehydration.There was no significant difference in the duration of fever and diarrhea and the frequency of diarrhea.Children infected by viruses and bacteria had a more severe clinical presentation such as fever,vomiting and diarrhea lasting for a long time,more serious diarrhea and dehydration than those with single bacteria and single virus infection.The difference has no significant difference in degree and duration of diarrhea.

To summarize the nursing experience of a child with pulmonary rejection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation who underwent double lung transplantation and was complicated with bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation and underwent second lung transplantation.The key points of nursing included:the implementation of step-wise lateral position and prone position alternate non-invasive mechanical ventilation to improve lung function;sequential airway clearance was used to control pulmonary infection;precise volume management to prevent pulmonary edema;to strengthen the observation and medication management,prevent hospital infection and rejection;to provide goal-oriented personalized nutritional support to improve nutritional status;psychological nursing measures were implemented to improve the treatment confidence and compliance of children;health education and follow-up management should be strengthened to improve the long-term quality of life.After active treatment and careful nursing,the child recovered and was discharged 26 days after surgery.

OBJECTIVETo understand status of health literacy among diabetics and their health management behaviors, and analyze the relationship of health literacy and health management.

METHODSA two-staged cluster randomized sampling method was used to investigate 1 130 diabetics in Beijing, Ningbo and Xiamen from October to November in 2012. All participants should be diagnosed by primary hospital and above and have lived in the community over six months. Diabetic patients who indicated that they had severely impaired vision or cognitive disorder, or had severe physical deterioration, or did not live in the address provided were excluded. A total of 1 130 questionnaires were sent out and 1 083 eligible questionnaires were taken back, accounting for 96.87%. Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the association between health literacy and health management behaviors and blood glucose level.

RESULTSAmong those participants, 47.7% (517) were men, 52.3% (566) were women, the age was (67.0 ± 9.5). According to diabetes health literacy scores, 73.7% (798/1 083) of them were classified as poor health literacy and 26.1% (283/1 083) as essential health literacy. Health literacy was associated with health management behaviors independently, demonstrating that the probability of utilizing health education, free physical examination, lifestyle guidance, monitoring blood glucose on their own, measuring blood glucose more than once a week and taking hypoglycemic agent regularly among diabetics with essential health literacy were 1.40 (95%CI:1.03-1.91), 1.65 (95%CI: 1.19-2.28), 2.70 (95%CI:1.98-3.69), 2.05 (95%CI:1.34-3.15), 2.56 (95%CI:1.85-3.56) , 1.48 (95%CI:1.07-2.06) times of those in diabetics with poor health literacy (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHealth literacy may affect health management behaviors among diabetics. More activities targeted on diabetics with low health literacy were suggested to improve their' health literacy and their skills about diabetes mellitus management.

Aged ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; statistics & numerical data ; Diabetes Mellitus ; therapy ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Literacy ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires