Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urologic malignancy, comprising 2% to 3% of all malignant diseases. Lym-phangiogenesis significantly affects the lymphatic metastasis of tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors have important functions in the spread of cancer cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C, which links the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, can increase lymphangiogenesis and promote lymphatic metastasis. These findings direct research efforts toward lymphangiogenesis in malignant diseases and a possible targeted therapy. An increasing number of studies on the lymphatic vessel of renal cell carcinoma have drawn considerable interest in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. This paper summarizes recent studies on lymphangiogenesis and the clinical significance of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To explore the effect of Bacillus Calmette guerin vaccine (BCG) on apoptosis of lymphocytes in asthmatic BALC/c mice Methods Asthmatic BALB/c mice model established by inhaling ovalbumin was treated by BCG Lymphocytes apopotic index and DNA damage index were determined by comet method and xylidine method,respectively Results Apoptosis index and DNA damage percentage of peripheral blood and BALF lymphocytes were significantly elevated after BCG treatment( P

AIM: To establish a novel method for the overall quality control of Radix et rhizoma seu caulis Acanthopanacis senticosi on the ground of HPLC digitized fingerprint.METHODS: The chromatographic fingerprints were obtained by injecting 10 ?L of the sample solution each time on a Century SIL BDS column(20 cm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of 1% acetate acid water and 1% acetate acid acetonitrile.The flow rate was 1 mL/min,the colunm temperature was maintained at(30?0.15)℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 265 nm. RESULTS: 31 co-possessing peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks of Radix et rhizoma seu caulis Acanthopanacis senticosi and the similarities between the chromatographic fingerprints and the herbal drugs were calculated taking chlorogenic acid peak as the reference peak.The chromatographic fingerprints also were evaluated by the chromatographic fingerprint index(F),the relative index(Fr). CONCLUSION: This method with good precision and reproducibility can be useful for the quality control of Radix et rhizoma seu caulis Acanthopanacis senticosi.

AIM: The method of the double qualitative similarities and the double quantitative similarities was carried out for the evaluation of the chromatographic fingerprints and applied to HPLC fingerprints of Rhizoma anemarrhenae. METHODS: The chromatographic fingerprints were obtained by injecting 5 ?L of the sample solution each time on a CenturySIL C_(18) BDS column(20 cm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of 1% acetic acid-water and 1% acetic acid-acetonitrile.The column temperature was maintained at(30?0.15) ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 265 nm.The chromatographic fingerprints were evaluated by the normalized similarity S_F and normalizing similarity S′_F and the projecting similarity C% and quautitative similarity P%, changes in characteristics were investigated in the cases of big peaks-free and small peaks-free respectively. RESULTS: 21 co-possessing peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks of Rhizoma anernarrhenae by choosing rutin peak as the reference peak.S_F could clearly reflect the chemical constituent distribution,and C% could reflect the total contents of the sample,but both of them were seriously influenced by the big peaks and could not reflect the missing of small peaks.S′_F and P% were equivalent weight to all fingerprint peaks,and they could reflect sensitively the small peaks drop-out. CONCLUSION: The double qualitative similarities and the double quantitative similarities are composed of S_F,S′_F,C% and P%,so the changes or lacks of both big peaks and small peaks can be punctually simultaneously monitored to be a novel method for evaluating fingerprints.The HPLC fingerprints can be useful in the quality control of Rhizoma anemarrhenae.

Objective:To determine the content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper in Xiaohuoluo pills produced by 34 enterprises. Methods:Using microwave digestion, the contents of lead, cadmium and arsenic were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry;the content of mercury was determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry;the content of copper was determined by air-acetylene flame atomic absorption. Results: Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in Xiao-huoluo pills from 34 different manufacturers were beyond the limits in various degrees. Conclusion: The method is simple and accu-rate, and can be used in the heavy metal determination of Xiaohuoluo pills.

Objective To evaluate the effect of external direct current shock on left atrial(LA) diamension and volumes after cardioversion for atrial fibrillation(AF) and the relation between LA size and function.Methods The initial study population included 68 patients with AF.According to cardioversion patterns, the patients were divided randomly into cardioversion with direct-current shock(36 patients) and cardioversion with drugs(32 patients). Echocardiographic evaluations included LA size and volume,LA passive and active emptying volumes were calculated,and LA function was measured as LA ejection force (LAEF).The correlation between LA diameters and volumes and LA systolic function was analyzed. Results LA was dilated in all the patients during AF and the superior-infra dimensions of LA decreased after restoration of sinus rhythm in the patients reverted with external direct current shock and the patients reverted with durgs (P

AIM: A HPLC fingerprint method for the quality control of Fructus Forsythiae has been established. METHODS: The chromatographic fingerprints were determined by injecting 5 ?L of the sample solution each time on a CentriSIL BDS colunm(20 cm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of 1% acetate acid water and 1% acetate acid acetonitrile.The flow rate was 1 mL/min,the colunm temperature was maintained at(30?0.15)℃ and the signals were acquired at 265 nm.The chromatographic fingerprints were also evaluated by the chromatographic fingerprint index(F),information index of chromatographic fingerprint(I).(RESULTS:)30 co-possessing peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks,the similarities among samples of Fructus Forsythiae come from 10 production places and its standard chromatographic fingerprints were calculated taking coffeic acid peak as the reference peak. CONCLUSION: This method with good characteristics and specificity can be used in the quality control of Fructus Forsythiae.

Objective To observe signal changes induced by USPIO accords with iron swallowed by macrophages in brain tissue sections in rats. Methods Thirty-eight SD rats were divided into two groups randomly. Three of them were involved in sham operation group, other thirty-five rats were divided into five subgroups averagely according to 7.0T MR scanning time (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h). After establishment of MCAO models, USPIO was injected to tail intravenous and monitored with high resolution MRI at different time point, while rats in control group were injected with the same dose of sodium chloride. Brain tissue wax section was acquired after MR scanning. Cell necrosis, iron particle and activated macrophages were observed with HE dying, Prussian Blue dying and CD68 immunochemistry staining respectively. Results The ischemic lesion was detected as hyperintense area on T2WI after occlusion and perfusion of MCA. The accumulation of USPIO appeared as hypointense on T2WI but hyperintense on T1WI. The maximum signal change was observed at 48-72 h in both T1WI and T2WI (P>0.05). The iron particle accumulation was found in the boundary of ischemic lesion and necrotic area with Prussian Blue dying. Activated microglia was manifested with CD68 immunochemistry staining, the number of microglia at 72 h was more than those of the other time points. Conclusion USPIO can be used as a contrast agent to monitor rat ischemic stroke in vivo, and the signal changes induced by USPIO approximately accord with iron swallowed by macrophages in brain tissue sections. The cells which swallow USPIO are mainly activated macrophages.

At present,the doctor-patient relationship in China is a little tense,communication between doctors and patients is not smooth,and the doctor-patient communication skills of the young doctor is obviously insufficient and need to be improved.In this paper,we analyze the factors that affect the communication between doctors and patients in the Department of Neurology through the complexity of professional knowledge,the current background and so on.In addition,we discuss multiple methods of improving communication capability among this group doctors,hoping to strengthen young physicians' clinical basic skills training,and impart doctor-patient communication skills from the linguistic modifiers,oral expression,words and deeds,use of metaphor,simulation training and other aspects,and establish dynamic assessment system of doctor-patient communication ability.

Objective To explore the clinical feature, gene mutations and treatment of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Methods The clinical data from a case of IHH and his families were retrospectively analyzed. The related literatures were reviewed. Results The propositus was a 7-year-old boy with a small penis and testes, whose younger brother was 5-year-old with a small penis and cryptorchidism. In both boys testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were low. The GnRH provocation test was not reactive. Their parents denied the consanguineous marriage. Illumina sequencing revealed that both of the brothers had homozygous mutation of GnRHR gene in C.806C>T, and their parents were heterozygous mutations in C.806C>T gene. After confirmation of the diagnosis, human choronic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment was given. The levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were significantly increased after 6 weeks. Conclusion The combination of clinical phenotype, biochemical analysis, and gene detection is helpful for early diagnosis of IHH.