Objective To detect the levels of carotid intima-media thickness(CAIMT),serum homocysteine(HCY),malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,in order to investigate the correlation between carotid atherosclerosis(CAS) and serum HCY and oxidative stress in essential hypertension(EH) patients.Methods 50 patients with EH and 266 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The color Doppler ultrasonography was used to detect CAIMT,and circulating enzyme method was used to detect serum HCY,and MDA levels were detected by TBA and SOD activity was detected by colorimetric assay of and the results of the examination were statistically analyzed.Results The incidence rate of CAS in EH patients was 62.8%(167/266),associated with age,disease and related course,and there was no significant difference in gender.In EH concurrent CAS group,the serum HCY level,MDA level and SOD activity were (28.06±6.94)μmol/L,(13.10±2.75)μmol/L and (69.73±6.51)U/mL,respectively,which of the control group were (11.74±3.62)μmol/L,(4.71±1.18)μmol/L and (136.07±10.16)U/mL,respectively,the levels of serum HCY and MDA in EH complicated CAS group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=7.118,6.326,all P<0.05),and the activity of SOD was significantly decreased.The serum HCY level was positively correlated with MDA level(r=0.493,t=9.207,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with serum SOD activity(r=-0.562,t=11.040,P<0.05).Conclusion EH patients have high levels of HCY,MDA and SOD activity of low levels.HCY level is significantly increased and oxidative stress is increased in CAS patients.Oxidative stress is associated with serum HCY level.

Objective In the candidate region 12q13 of simple congenital heart defect(CHD),two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in the coding-region of GLI1 gene,rs11553626 and rs2228226,were chosen to investigate their distribution in 180 simple CHD patients and 200 normal controls which were collected in the first affliated hospital,China Medical University and The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area,in order to determine the relationship between GLI1 gene and simple CHD.Methods Genotypes of these two SNPs were analyzed in 180 simple CHD patients and 200 normal controls by Denatured High Performance Liquid Chromatography(DHPLC)and sequencing from Jan.2000 to Jun.2005.?~2 test was applied to analyze the genotype frequency and allele frequency between CHD groups and control groups.Results No polymorphisms were found at rs11553626 while G/C polymorphisms were found at rs2228226.Remarkable significance was observed at rs2228226 in the allele frequency distribution(?~2=8.956,P

Objective To evaluate the application of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with severe pulmonary hypertention using the Amplatzer occluder device.Methods Fifty-one cases of PDA with severe pulmonary hypertention were treated by transcatheter closure with Amplatzer occluder. Patients mean age was 9.4 years (ranging 3 months to 60 years) and the mean weight was (18.7?13.8) kg (ranging 5.0 to 65.0 kg). The mean PDA diameter at its narrowest segment was (7.0?2.4) (ranging 3.0 to 15.0) mm. The achievement of permanent transcatheter closure was decided according to the change of the pulmonary arterial pressure, aortic pressure and oxygen saturation. Results The devices were successfully placed in all patients except one failure owing to the resistance of pulmonary hypertention. The systolic pulmonary pressure decreased from (84.7?13.5) (range 70 to 137) to mmHg to (46.1?14.9) (24 to 109)mmHg, and the mean pulmonary pressure decreased from (65.0?11.5) (42 to 97) mmHg to (31.3?11.6) (14 to 69) mmHg. Complete angiographic closure was seen 10 minutes after the device deployment in 30 out of 50 patients (60%), while trivial to small leak was present in 20 (40%). Complete echocardiographic closure was demonstrated in 49 out of 50 patients (98%) at 10 min, and 100% at 6-month follow-up in all patients. There were no PDA recanalization and migration of devices after the complete occlusion during following up.Conclusion Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with severe pulmonary hypertention by using the Amplatzer occluder is a safe and effective interventional method with excellent short-term and middle-term results.

Objective Two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in TBX1 gene,G2857C(rs737868)and G2963A(rs28649236),were chosen to investigate their distribution in contruncal defects(CTD)patients and normal controls in order to determine the relationship between TBX1 gene and CTD.Methods By PCR-RFLP,genotypes of these two SNPs were analyzed in 100 patients with CTD and 100 normal controls during Mar.2004 to May.2006. 2 test was applied to analyze the genotype frequency and allele frequency between CTD groups and control groups.Results Remarkable significance were observed at G2963A between CTD groups and normal controls,the G allele frequency in CTD groups were much higher than that in normal controls(?2=5.30,P

To sum up the experience in diagnosis and differential diagnosis in complicated cyanotic congenital heart defects, the clinical symptoms,physical signs, electrocardiogram, echocardiography and angiocardiography were analysed retrospectively in 2 366 patients with six kinds of common cardiac deformities. The results suggest that: ①It is helpful in diagnosis to grasp unusual symptoms and physical signs; ②Specific electrocardiographic features and X ray findings are valuable in diagnosis and differential diagnosis; ③ Echocardiography is significant in the diagnosis, but it can not show the branches of pulmonary arteries.Its diagnostic rate is 97 2%; ④Angiocardiography can clearly display the pulmonary arteries, and it is valuable for surgical operation, its diagnostic rate is 98 1%.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of interventional therapy of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).Methods A total of 941 patients(259 male and 682 female) with PDA admitted from March 1998 to August 2007,aged from 3 months to 74 years old(mean age 13.7?14.5 years old) were included in this study.The clinical characteristics and the outcomes of the therapy were retrospestively studied.Results These PDA types were classified according to Krichenko's classification by aortic angiography.Among all the patients,641 of then(68.1%) had type A PDA,11 patients(1.1%) had type B,202 patients(21.5%) had type C,8 patients(0.85%) had type D and 79 patients(8.4%) had type E PDA.The ranges for the minimun inner diameter of PDA was 1.2-1.5(4.6?2.9) mm,the inner diameter of aorta end was 2.0-32.7(11.1?5.7) mm,the length was 2-42.6(6.7?3.3) mm and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 9.7-106(34.7?19.4) mm Hg.Various occlusion devices were used to close the PDA including AGA mushroom occluder in 146 patients,AGA atrioseptal defect device in 2 patients,homemade PDA ductal occluders in 720 patients,homemade membranous ventricular septal defect device in 18 patients,homemade muscular ventricular septal defect device in 6 patients, eccentricity PDA devices in 18 patients and Germany pfm spring coil in 31 patients.Transcather closure was unsuccessful in 7 patietns and the success rate of operation was 99.3%(934/941).Conclusion Most patients can be cured by catheterization closure.To master procedural indication and accurate manipulation skill can reduce the procedural complications.The procedures should be handled carefully in infants or patients with pulmonary artery hypertension.The evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure is the key point prior to the interventional therapy.The experience on long-term efficacy of transcatheter PDA closure in patients complicated with pulmonary artery hypertension needs further exploration.

Echinococcosis is a severe zoonosis parasitic disease and mainly caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis. Because of the limitation of operation level,such as recurrence and death,the drug treatment is still the most important method in our country. Meanwhile,the annual number of drug treatments is far greater than surgical treatments. Drugs play a significant role in the preoperative reduction of lesions,reducing pain,extending the life of patients .This article re-views the status of animals treatment and clinical treatment of echinococcosis treated by the benzimidazole drugs and their new formulations,provides the basis for exploring the development direction of anti-echinococcosis drug treatment research.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by infection with E. multilocularis metacestode, represents one of the most fatal helminthic diseases. AE is principally manifested with infiltrative, proliferating hepatic mass, resembling primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Sometimes metastatic lesions are found in nearby or remote tissue. AE diagnosis largely depends on imaging studies, but atypical findings of imaging features frequently require differential diagnosis from other hepatic lesions. Serological tests may provide further evidence, while obtaining reliable AE materials is not easy. In this study, alternative antigens, specific to AE were identified by analyzing E. granulosus protoscolex proteins. An immunoblot analysis of E. granulosus protoscolex showed that a group of low-molecular-weight proteins in the range from 14 kDa to 16 kDa exhibited a sensitive and specific immune response to AE patient sera. Partial purification and proteomic analysis indicated that this protein group contained myosin, tubulin polymerization promoting protein, fatty-acid binding protein, uncharacterized DM9, heat shock protein 90 cochaperone tebp P-23, and antigen S. When the serological applicability of recombinant forms of these proteins was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, DM9 protein (rEgDM9) showed 90.1% sensitivity (73/81 sera tested) and 94.5% specificity (172/181 sera tested), respectively. rEgDM9 showed weak cross-reactions with patient sera from the transitional and chronic stages of cystic echinococcosis (3 to 5 stages). rEgDM9 would serve as a useful alternative antigen for serodiagnosis of both early- and advanced-stage AE cases.

Objective To probe into the imaging characteristics and regularity of color Doppler echocardiography(CDE) in congenital coronary artery fistula(CAF) in adults. Methods CDE was used to examine 31 adult patients with CAF and the imaging characteristics and regularity were observed. Angiocardiography was performed in 26 cases. Seven of the 31 cases were treated interventionally and 24 of them surgically. Results Of the 31 patients, 29 were correctly diagnosed according to the CDE characteristics (diagnosis accuracy was 93.5%) and all the complicated anomalies were correctly diagnosed. artery is the origin and whichever heart chamber is the entry site of the fistula, the left atrium and the left showed abnormal blood flow signals in the heart chamber into which the fistula drained and in pulmonary drained into the right ventricle was more common than that into the right atrium, the left atrium, the left or the pulmonary artery was easily misdiagnosed because left ventricular systolic pressure was equal to aortic pressure which made the abnormal blood flow in CDFI indistinct. Conclusions CDE showed obvious imaging characteristics and regularity for CAF in adults and has specific value for the diagnosis of this disease. But CAF that drained into the left ventricle or the pulmonary artery is easily misdiagnosed.

Objective To understand the situation of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis in students in Qin?ghai Province,so as to provide an evidence for effective prevention and control of echinococcosis. Methods The students of Grade Four or above were randomly selected with the multi?stage stratified cluster sampling method and investigated with the questionnaire about echinococcosis in Qinghai Province. Results Totally 23 600 students were selected and surveyed,with the pass rate of 66.0%(15 566 cases). The pass rates of the male and female students were 65.1%(7 947 cases)and 66.9%(7 619 cases)respectively,and the difference was significant(χ2=8.454,P<0.01). The difference of pass rates among different dis?tricts of Qinghai Province was statistically significant(χ2=3 848.619,P<0.01). Conclusion The general aware rate of echino?coccosis knowledge in students is not high in Qinghai Province,and therefore,it is necessary to enhance the health education, especially for students in pasturing areas.