Objective Study of renal tubular acidosis induced effects in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis .Methods Twenty rats in the sham operation group , the experimental group UUO40 only, Screening of renal tubular acidosis group , After opera-tion 7, 14, 21, 28 days, the rats were killed in batches, kidney function , organization and determination of integrin linked kinase in renal tissue immunohistochemistry and Western blot ( ILK ) expression were detected .Results UUO +RTA group than in UUO group, under the light microscope , inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis were more serious; Protein expression in control group only a small amount of ILK protein ,Almost no FN protein deposition ,Deposition of UUO expression of group ILK and FN proteins increased,and UUO+RTA group was more than UUO group .Conclusions In obstructive nephropathy , renal tubular acidosis can be deposited and expression of FN and up -regulation of ILK protein .

Objective To study the key points and preliminary experience in the application of laparoscopic pelvilithotomy combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)surgery in multiple renal calculi. Methods Eight patients,accepted laparoscopic pelvilithotomy combined with PCNL surgery in our hospital from January 2008to December 2009,were enrolled into the study. Retroperitoneal approach were performed in all operations. The biggest stone was 3.3 cm ×2.3 cm,the smallest one was 0.5 cm ×0.5 cm. All patients had renal pelvis cast stone along with multiple small renal calyceal stones. The stones were removed under laparoscopic operation at the first step. If it was difficult to remove the pelvis cast stone,nephroscope were settled into the pelvis through incision,and then the shattered stone smashed by lithotripsy were removed under the observation of nephroscope. Further exploration and removal of the remaining stones in every calices was necessary for the patients. Results The operations were successful in all cases and all stones were removed thoroughly and get satisfactory effects. The average operation time was 90 minutes. No serious complications happened,such as bleeding,urine leakage or ureteral stricture. The average length of hospital stay was 5 days. Conclusions Our treatment combines the advantages of both laparoscopic pelvilithotomy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy to reduce the incidence of complications and improve the therapeutic effects.

Objective To investigate the treatment of hemorrhage after mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Method From February 2001 to May 2006, 20 clinical data of severe bleeding were retrospectively analysed in 3910 cases of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treatment of upper urinary calculi. Results In 20 cases, 19 were successfully treated, in which 2 patients can be treated with expectant treatment (transfusion and catheter compression), 16 cases were rendered with super-selective arterial embolization;1 case with nephrectomy;1 case wsa suffered from DIC and died. Conclusions The most familiar complication of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy is bleeding. If only be more carefully and try the right way in time, the safety of the operation must be increased.